高考英语语法名词性从句.doc

上海高考英语备考训练

上海高考英语语法考点：名词性从句

名词性从句：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。在复合句中能作主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。形容词性从句即定语从句；副词性从句即状语从句；名词性从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。
一、引导名词性从句的连接词
1，从属连词五个：that无词义，在从句中不做成分，在宾语从句中可省略。
whether，if 有词义，在从句中不做成分，不可以省略。as if, as though不做成分。
2，连接代词九个：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever，有词义，在从句中做成分，不可以省略。
3，连接副词七个：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however有词义，在从句中做状语，不可以省略。

二. 主语从句
1，主语从句：通常由下列词引导：从属连词that，whether ；连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever，whom；连接副词how，when，where，why 等。It is known to us how he became a writer.
2，常用it作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。谓语动词一般用单数形式。It is a fact that，It is an honor that，It is common，It is a pity that，It is said that，It seems that, It is natural that　　
3，It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较: It 作形式主语是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that引导，强调人时也可用who。
4，主语从句不可位于句首的情况：It is said /reported…；It happens/occurs…；It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。if 引导的主语从句不可居于句首，含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?
5，what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。 What you said yesterday is right. That she is still alive is a consolation.

三、宾语从句
1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句 ，that在句中不担任任何成分，常被省去。 　　
2， 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，句子语序要用陈述语序。
用whether或if引导的宾语从句，保持陈述语序。　　　
3，think, believe, imagine, suppose，guess, expect, fancy, consider等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要否定前移。doubt whether, don’t doubt that…
4，后面不能接that从句的动词有：condemn, force, take, forgive, dislike, refuse, let, like, love, help, admire, allow, celebrate, cause，但可以用不定式，动名词做宾语。
5，动词+ it + if/when从句, 常用动词有hate, enjoy, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer
I hate it if you say such things in public. We’ll appreciate it if you book tickets for us.
6，介词 + 关系代词引导的定语从句与介词后的宾语从句的区别。
It was a matter of who would take the position.
Sarah hopes to become a friend of whoever shares her interests.
定从：He is a man of rich experience, from whom much can be learned.
Sarah hopes to have a friend, with whom she can share her interests.

四、表语从句
1、在复合句中，位于系动词之后作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if。
the reason is that … It is because … It appears/seems that… It happens that… It turns out that… It looks as if… It seems as if…
2、当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。whether 可引导表语从句，但if不可以。
You are saying that everyone should be equal and this is _____ I agree.此处用where，因agree为不及物动词，与what I agree on同。

五、同位语从句
1、同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，that不可以省略, 可由whether引导，不可用if.
2、同位语从句的先行词是一些有限的抽象性名词，如 belief, advice, demand, doubt, possibility, thought, proposal, case, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, problem, promise, request, suggestion, wish, word, reason, question, truth, conclusion, result.等。而定语从句的先行词可以是任何物和人。
3、同位语从句与定语从句的区别
1）定语从句是形容词性的，与先行词之间存在所属关系，起修饰限定的作用。同位语从句是名词性的，与先行词是同位或等同的关系, 起补充说明的作用。
2）定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中作主语或宾语，而同位语从句中的that是连词，不充当句中任何成分。
The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year. 定从
The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. 同从，that不可省略。
3） What不能引导定语从句，但可以引导同位语从句。
I didn’t have the idea what you mean.
4）How, when, where, why的先行词与从句意义相关时，它们是关系副词，引导定从。不相关时，这些词是连接副词，引导同位语从句。
It is a question how he did it. Do you have any idea where he lives.
She had no idea why she thought of him suddenly.
He solved the problem why the TV was out of order.
There is some doubt whether he will come.
以上都是同位语从句。whether, how不可引导定从。
The reason why he was late is that he was ill. 定从

六、名词性wh-从句
wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等：
　　主语： How the book will sell depends on its author.　
　　直接宾语：In one's own home one can do what one likes.　
　　间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize.　
　　表语： My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.　
　　宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to.
　　同位语：　I have no idea when he will return.　
　　形容词宾语：I'm not sure why she refused their invitation.　
介词宾语：　That depends on where we shall go.　

七、what 引导的名词性从句
1，what的五种用法
1）表示“……的东西或事情”，相当于“the thing that...; all that...; everything that....”：
He saves what he earns. What Mary is is the secretary. 玛丽的职务是秘书。
2）表示“……的人或的样子”，相当于the person that
He is no longer what he was. Who is it that has made Fred what he is now?
3）表示“……的数量或数目”,相当于the amount/number that
Our income is now double what it was ten years ago.
4）表示“……的时间”, 相当于the time that：
After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.
5）表示“……的地方”, 相当于the place that
This is what they call Salt Lake City.
2，有时what 可用作限定词，其后修饰一个名词 I gave him what books I had.
What 后可以是复数或不可数名词，不能是单数可数。
He gave me what money he had about him. I spent what little time I had with her.
3，A is to B what C is to D，what相当于 as，但在此句型不能用as代替, what作连词用, 引导状语从句。 Air is to us what water is to fish. 　　

八、whether与if 在作是否的意思时
1） 可用if的情形：宾语从句一般可用if或whether引导。引导否定的宾语从句，只用if. 但wonder, not sure后可用whether. I don’t care if it doesn’t rain.
2） 只用whether的情形
1) 宾语从句中，在decide, discuss后，有or not时，作介词宾语时，if会引起歧义时，从句放句首时必须用whether。
2) 引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句及接不定式时。
Could you tell me if you know the answer ?
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.
Everything depends on whether we have enough money.

九，需要用虚拟语气（should）do的情形
表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等语气和表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义时，从句中的动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”。It is necessary (important, natural, strange ) that …，It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired) that…句型的主语从句，demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, urge，advice，propose，require，request, command, doubt , suggestion, order, requirement, advice, request, demand等后的宾语从句和表语从句，需要用虚拟语气 (should) do。
上海高考英语语法练习 名词性从句

选择填空
1. _____________ you have done might do harm to other people.
A. That B. What C. Which D. This
2. They have no idea at all ____________.
A. where he has gone B. where did he go
C. which place he has gone D. where he has gone to
3. _____________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who
4. Upon graduation he asked to be sent to _______________.
A. where he is most needed B. where he needed
C. where he is mostly needed D. where is he mostly needed
5. These photographs will show you _____________.
A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like
6. Can you make sure _____________ the gold ring?
A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put
C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put
7. No one can be sure _____________ in a million years.
A. what man will look like B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
8. _____________ the Games will be held in Beijing is not known.
A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That
9. It worried her a bit _____________ her hair was turning grey.
A. which B. that C. if D. for
10. _____________ you don’t like him is none of my business.
A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether
11. It is said __________ was all _____ he said.
A. that that; that B. what what; what C. that which, what D. that that, what
12. He asked _____________ for the violin.
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
13. — Do you remember ____________ he came?
— Yes, I do, he came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. if
14. _____________ is a fact that English is accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
15. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _____________ shares her interests.
A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
16. ____________ we can’t get seems better than ____________ we have.
A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what
17. _____________ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
18. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____________ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
19. ___________ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where
20. It was a matter of ____________ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
21. — I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
— Is that ____________ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when C. what D. where
22. ___________ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever
23. These wild flowers are so special I would do _____________ I can to save them.
A. that B. which C. whichever D. whatever
24. _____________ she couldn’t understand was _____________ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A. That; what B. What; why C. What; because D. Why; that
25. What the doctors really doubt is _____________ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. when B. how C. whether D. why
26. ____________ is no possibility ___________ Bob can win the first prize in the match.
A. There; that B. It; that C. There; whether D. It; whether
27. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly ____________ he wants.
A. what B. which C. when D. that
28. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ____________ road conditions need ____________.
A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved
C. where; improving D. when; improving
29. — Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
— Oh, that’s ____________.
A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited
30. We cannot figure out _______ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.
A. that B. as C. why D. when
31. I think Father would like to know ___________ I've been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.
A. which B. why C. what D. how
32. A modern city has been set up in ________ was a wasteland ten years ago .
A. what B. which C. that D. where
33. Parents are taught to understand ______ important education is to their children’s future.
A. that B. how C. such D. so
34. The road is covered with snow. I can't understand ______they insist on going by motor-bike.
A. why B. whether C. when D. how
35. After Yang Li Wei succeeded in circling the earth, _______ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.
A. where B. what C. that D. how
36. A story goes ______ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more that being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.
A. when B. where C. what D. that
37. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ________ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
38. Along with the letter was his promise ________ he would visit me this coming Christmas.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
39. Mary wrote an article on ______ the team had failed to win the game .
A. why B. what C. who D. that
40. Danby left word with my secretary ____________ he would call again in the afternoon.
A. who B. that C. as D. which
41. The way he did it was different we were used to .
A. in which B. in what C. from what D. from which
42. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize ___ silly mistakes I had made.
A. what B. that C. how D. which
43. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _____ he was a man of action.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
44. We haven't settled the question of ______________ it is necessary for him to study abroad.
A. if B. where C. whether D. that
45. ______makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.
A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever
46. See the flags on top of the building? That was______ we did this morning.
A. when B. which C. where D. what
47. Peter insisted _____ he pay the bill.
A. on that B. what C. that D. on which
48. --- What did your parents think about your decision?
--- They always let me do _______ I think I should.
A. when B. that C. how D. what
49. Engines are to machines _________ hearts are to animals.
A. as B. that C. what D. which
50. I just wonder __________ that makes him so excited.
A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is
51. One advantage of playing the guitar is _____ it can give you a great deal of pleasure.
A. how B. why C. that D. when
52. He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning ________ his teammates had done.
A. what B. which C. why D. while
53. --- It’s thirty years since we last met.
--- But I still remember the story, believe it or not, __________ we got lost on a rainy night.
A. which B. that C. what D. when
54. There is much chance _____ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.
A. that B. which C. until D. if
55. Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class_____ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.
A. why B. that 　　C. where D. because
56. These shoes look very good. I wonder __________.
A. how much cost they are B. how much do they cost
C. how much they cost D. how much are they cost
57. Doris' success lies in the fact _________ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.
A. which B. that C. when D. why
58. --- Could you do me a favor? --- It depends on ______ it is.
A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever
59. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _________ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
60. Along with the letter was his promise _______ he would visit me this coming Christmas.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
61. We heard the news _____ our team had won.
A. that B. what C. whether D. why
62. The fact _____ he hadn’t said anything surprised us all.
A. why B. if C. that D. whether
63.I have no idea _____ she will be back.
A. that B. where C. that when D. when
64. We must keep in mind the fact _____ China is still a developing country.
A. whether B. that C. why D. when
65. They have no idea at all _____.
A. where he has gone B. where did he go
C. where has he gone D. which place he has gone

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21-25 ADDBC 26-30 AAAAC 31-35 CABAB 36-40 DCBAB
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