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高一英语模块一Unit1-3复习知识点汇总
1. enjoy v.---adj. enjoyable
enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事==be fond of sth./doing sth.
enjoy oneself(=have a good/great/wonderful time=have fun)(in) doing sth.
2. experience n.---v. experience体验,经历---adj. experienced 有经验的
experience 不可数名词-经验(后面常接介词in 或of短语)
可数名词—经历 an experience /an exciting experience
3. earn vt. 赚钱,谋生;博得,得到
earn one’s living/earn one’s bread 谋生,维持生计
4. respect vt. 尊敬;重视;注意 n. (不可数)尊重,尊敬;(可数)点;方面
---adj. respectable正派的,受人尊敬的;好的,令人满意的
---adj. respected 受尊敬的,受敬重的
---adj. respectful 有礼貌的,恭敬的 (of+N/to sb.) 反义disrespectful
---adj. respective 各自的(仅用于名词前)
respected多用于修饰人,它与respectable的区别在于respectable表示受人尊敬的可能性,但未必被respected
搭配用法:
respect sb. for sth. 因某事而尊敬某人
in respect of sth. 关于,就…而言
show respect for sb. 尊敬某人
lose the respect of 失去对..的尊敬
earn/win respect 赢得尊重
5. devote vt.致力于;献身--adj. devoted挚爱的(be devoted to sb.--n. devotion挚爱,深爱;忠心
devote oneself to致力于,献身于;专心于
sb. devote sth. to doing sth. 把…献给;把…专用于
sb. devote sth. to sth. 用于
be devoted to sth/doing sth. 把时间(钱、精力等)献给(做)某事
6. average n.平均数;平均水平;一般标准—adj.中等的;普通的;平常的—LV.平均为
on (an / the) average 平均,按平均计算;一般说来;通常
above/below average 平均水平之上/下
7. challenge n. 挑战;怀疑, 质问;艰巨的任务;难题--vt. 挑战;质疑 ;邀请某人比赛
---adj. challenging 具有挑战性的---n. challenger挑战者
the challenge of doing sth….的挑战
face/accept/take on a challenge面对/接受挑战
meet/rise to a challenge迎接挑战
challenge for sth. 挑战某物
challenge sb. to do sth.质疑某人做某事
8. encouragement n.鼓励,促进---v. encourage 鼓励,激励—反义:discourage v.使泄气;劝阻
----n. courage 勇气;胆量;勇敢---adj. encouraging 令人鼓舞的,振奋人心的
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
discourage sb. from doing sth. 劝某人不要做某事/劝阻某人做某事
have courage to do sth. 有勇气做某事
9. for free免费的
free from不受…的影响;没有…的;摆脱…
free of charge/tax/duty/rent 免费/免税/免税/免租金
free to do 自由地做某事
free adj.免费的;自由的---v.释放;使自由;解脱,使摆脱;解救;解除
---adv. freely自由地,不受限制地;畅通地 ---n. freedom 自由;自主
10. look back on/upon sth. 回忆,回顾
look back on/upon the past回首过去
look back on/upon those years回首那些年
look into 调查;观察
look on旁观;认为,视为
look out注意,小心;注意看
look up查找;好转;向上看;尊敬;拜访
look down on/upon轻视,看不起
look through浏览;仔细查看;视而不见
look after 照顾;照看
look for 寻找
look forward to (doing sth.) 期待,盼望
look about 四处查看;考察事态
(1) As look back upon those years,I am struck by Annie's wisdom.<回顾,回想>
(2) I've been looking into this matter this afternoon.<调查>
(3) Two men were fighting. The rest were looking on.<旁观>
(4) When you're eating fish,look out for bones.<当心,小心>
(5) We've been looking out for a new house,but the ones we've seen are all too expensive.
<留心找某物>
(6) Look up the word in the dictionary<查寻,查找>
(7) I want to look my uncle up sometime.<看望,拜访>
(8) She looked through her notes before the examination.<浏览>
11. satisfaction n.满意—v. satisfy使某人满意;满足要求等;符合标准等
---adj. satisfied满意的,满足的 反义: dissatisfied
---adj. satisfying 令人高兴的,令人满意的 反义: unsatisfying,物体,做主语,一般很少用
---adj. satisfactory满意的,够好的,反义: unsatisfactory,常用,表示事物本身具有的特点等
be satisfied with sb./sth.对…感到满意
with/in satisfaction 满足地,满意地
to sb.’s satisfaction 使某人满意
express satisfaction with/at sth.对…表示满意
give sb. the satisfaction of doing sth. 使某人得到做某事的满足感
get/gain satisfaction from sth.从某事物中得到满足感
12.exchange v.交换,交流,兑换,更换
exchange sth. for sth.用某物换某物
exchange sth. with sb. 同某人交换/交流某物
in exchange for 交换
13. What is…like?用于提问某人或某物的情况怎么样。其中like为介词
既可以用于提问某人的长相怎么样,又可以提问某人的性情、品质等。
What does sb. look like? 仅用于提问某人的长相怎么样。
What does sb. like? 用于提问某人喜欢什么。其中like为动词
What do you think of sb.?问的是一个人的品行。
What do you think of sth.?==How do you find/like sth.?询问看法,表示“觉得…怎么样?”
14. 动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
有时用it作形式主语,把动名词置于句末。常用的句型有:
It is a waste doing sth.做…是浪费
It is no good/use doing sth.做…没好处/用途
It is worthwhile doing sth.做…是值得的
There is no sense in doing sth.做…没道理
There is no point in doing sth.做…没有意义
There is no use/good in doing sth. 做…没好处/用途
There is nothing worse than doing sth.没有…比更糟的
15. attend vt.出席,参加;上学;到场;(医生、护士等)照料,关心
---n. attendance出席人数,出席,参加---n. attendant服务员,随从
---n. attention注意,留心;照顾
attend class上课
attend school上学
attend a meeting参加会议
attend to处理(生意或个人事务);照料;注意倾听;专心于
attend to the matter处理事情
attend,take part in, join, join in辨析
四者均有“参加”之意。
Attend指出席或参加会议、音乐会、婚礼、宴会等,也可指听课、听报告等。
Take part in多指带着责任心参加大型活动,并在其中起一定的作用,如体育、比赛、游戏、讨论、战斗等
Join 指加入团体、组织等,并成为其中的一员,如参军、入团、入党等
Join in 强调参加正在进行的活动,如比赛、娱乐、谈话等
Join sb. in sth. 和某人一起做某事
16. the best way to do sth.
the way to do sth.做某事的方法
the way of doing sth. 做某事的方法
all the way一路上;从头至尾
by the way 在路旁;顺便说
by way of 经由;通过…的方法
in a way在某种程度上;有几分,稍微
in no way一点也不,决不
no way 绝不可能
in the way 挡道;妨碍某人
on the way to (doing sth.) 在去往…的路上;正在走向;快要成为…
17. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
be/get used to sth/doing sth. 习惯于(做)某事
be used to do sth. 被用来做某事
be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事
be used as sth.用作
18. fun n.(不可数)娱乐,玩笑,有趣,有趣的人或事---adj. funny
for fun 开玩笑地;为了好玩
have fun (doing sth.) 玩得开心
what fun多么开心
make fun of 嘲笑;取笑
it is fun to do sth. 做什么事有趣的
sth. is fun.
19. 疑问词+动词不定式 结构常跟在动词ask, know, consider, explain, decide, wonder, understand, learn 等后面作宾语
I don’t not what to do next.==I don’t know what I shall do next.
20. prepare v.准备;筹备;把...准备好—adj. prepared有准备的,准备好的(不放在名词前)
---n. preparation 预备,准备 复数:准备工作,筹备工作
---adj. prepared 有准备的 反义:unprepared 无准备的
prepare sth.准备某事
prepare to do sth.准备做某事
prepare sb. to do sth.为某人做某事做好准备
prepare for sth.为某事做准备
prepare sth. for sth.为某事准备某物
sb. be prepared to do sth.某人有能力且愿意做某事
do sth. in preparation for sth.为准备某事而做某事
make preparations for sth.为…做准备工作
in preparation在准备中
21. though/although连词,引导让步状语从句,主句不能与but连用,但可与yet, still等连用
though还可作副词,一般放在句末,而且前面多用逗号隔开,although无此用法。
Our team lost. We did a good job, though. 尽管我们表现不错,但我们队还是输了。
22. miss vt. 思念,怀念;逃过,避开;没赶上; 未击中,未抓住;遗漏
miss 是非延续性动词,没有进行时
---adj. missing 丢失的;缺少的
miss doing sth. 没能做成某事
miss out漏掉,省略
miss the chance错过机会
23. former adj./n. 以前的(放在名词前) /前者 反义:latter adj./n. 后者的/两者中的后者
previous adj. 以前的;先前的 指的是按时间和次序在某事物之前
the previous day前一天
previous to在某事物以前
24. donate vt. 捐赠,赠送---n. donation捐赠物
donate sth. to sb./sth. 赠送,捐赠给某人/某组织
donate blood献血
25. kindness n. 善意,友好,和蔼,好意,体贴
---adj. kind 善良的,友好的 反义词:unkind 不仁慈的,不和善的、
26. need的用法归纳:
A.用作情态动词,主要用于疑问句、条件句或否定句中,没有时态变化,后接动词原形
B.用作实义动词, need to do sth/need sb. to do sth.
C. 及物动词,sth. needs doing==need to be done( 主动表被动)
27. more than
A.用于比较级,比…更(多、大等)
B. 表示超过,多于,相当于over
C. 表示 岂止是,不仅是;非常,十分
D.表示 非…能力所及,其后跟从句,从句中用can/could
This is more than I can understand. 这是我所不能理解的。
28. whether…or…引导让步状语从句
whether conj. 是否;不管…还是….(用于引导让步状语从句)
whether与if
类别
说明
只能用whether, 不能用if
A.句中有or not时
I wonder whether I’ll catch the last bus or not.
B.引导主语、表语、同位语从句时
Whether it is true remains a question.
C.作介词宾语时
It depends on whether he’s ready or not.
D.放在不定式之前,与不定式组成词组时
Please tell us whether to go or stay.
只能用if, 不能用whether
A. 若有“假如”之意,引导条件状语从句时
If it rains tomorrow, the meeting will be put off.
B. 当引导一个否定的宾语从句时
I don’t care if she is ten years older than me.
whether与if可互换用
作“是否”讲,引导绝大部分宾语从句时
They asked if/whether we would like to go.
29. Upon finishing his studies,…一完成学业… upon是介词作状语
A. Upon/On doing 一…就…
==as soon as/immediately/the moment/the second/the minute/directly/instantly
/hardly…when…/no sooner…than…
B. Upon/On+名词,表示动作刚发生或完成
Upon/On his arrival, he went straight to the headmaster.
他一到达就直接到校长那儿去了。
30. develop v.培养,养成,产生;发展;开发;冲洗(交卷)
--adj. developing 发展中的
---adj. developed 发达的 反义:undeveloped 不发达的,落后的;(土地)未开发的
---n. development 发展
with the development of …随着…的发展
31. inform vt.告诉,通知
---n. information 消息,情报,资料(不可数)
---adj. informal 非正式的 反义:fomal
---adj. informed 消息灵通的,见多识广的
keep sb. informed 告知某人
Inform sb.+疑问词(how) +to do sth.通知某人如何做某事
inform sb. of sth. 告知某人某事
32. run v. 管理;经营;开动机器等;跑;
run a school办学校
run after 追逐;追求
run into 陷入;碰见
run across 无意间碰到
(sb.) run out of 用完,结束 (sth run out无被动)
run away 逃走,离家
run away from 逃避;携…而逃走
33. approve v. 赞同,赞许;批准,核准,认可 反义:disapprove不赞同,反对
---n. approval赞同,赞许, 同意;批准,认可 反义:disapproval 不赞同,反对
---adj. approved (用于名词前)认可的,核准的
---adj. approving 赞许的,赞同的 反义:disapproving
approve of sth.赞成/同意某事
approve of sb. doing sth.同意某人做某事
be approved for 被批准用于…
34. charge n.负责,掌管 v. 充电;收费,要价;指控,控告
--adj. chargeable可以控诉的;可充电的
---adj. charged充满感情的;(气氛)紧张的
take charge接管
take charge of接管
charge…for 收费,要价
charge $ 10 for a cup of coffee 一杯咖啡要价十美元
(sth.) be in/under the charge of 在某人的掌管下,由某人经营/照顾,表被动
sb. be in charge of 掌管,管理,照顾, 表主动
charge sb. with sth 指控某人某事
charge sth. with… 使某事物充满……(情感)
be charged with 充满……
charge sth. 将…充电
charge sb with doing sth 命令某人做某事
for free = free of charge = without payment 免费
at one’s own charge / expense 自费
35. event n.(重要)事件;社交活动;比赛项目
in any event不管怎样,无论如何
at all events 不管怎样,无论如何
in the event到头来,结果
in that event 如果那样的话
in the event of 万一发生…的话
event, matter, affair辨析
A. event 通常指具有很大影响、意义重大的事件或运动会的比赛项目
B. matter 意为“麻烦、毛病、问题”,通常指要注意的事情,也可以表示“物质”
C. affair 是一个比较正式的词,指已经发生或必须去做的事情,通常用复数形式,
指“事务,事态”如 the world affairs
36. present v. 赠送;提交,交出;出席,出现 n. 礼物=gift
adj.出席的,到场的(作定语时必须后置)反义:absent 缺席的,不在场的
---adv. presently 不久,马上,很快,一会儿=soon; (美)现在,目前=now
----n. presence 出席,到场,出现 反义:absence 缺席, 缺乏,没有
----adj. presentable 像样的,体面的,拿得出手的
---n. presentation 授予,颁发;报告,(新产品的)介绍;(观点的)陈述,说明;呈现
at present 现在,目前
for the present 就目前来说,暂时
up to the present 直到现在,至今
make a present of sth. to sb. 把某物赠送给某人
37. compare v. 比较,对比
---n. comparison 比较
---adj. comparable(在数量、大小、质量等方面)类似的,相当的;可比较的
---adj. comparative相比之下的, 相比而言的, 相对的 n. 比较级形式
compare…to…把…比作…
compare…with…把…与…进行比较
compared with/to…和…比较,常用于句首或句尾,且作状语
beyond/without comparison无与伦比
by comparison比较起来
in comparison与…比较
38. the+比较级,the+比较级 越…,越…
39. choose v. (chose, chosen)挑选,选择
---n. choice 选择,选择权
choose to do sth. 选择/决定/宁愿/愿意做某事
choose sb./sth. to do sth. 选择某人/某事做某事
choose sb./sth. as sth.选择…作为…
choose from sth.从…选择
can’t choose but do不得不做某事
have no choice but to do sth.别无选择做某事
do nothing but do sth. 除做…之外什么也不做
40. order n.次序,顺序;订购;点菜;命令,指示 v. 命令,指示;订购;点菜
in order整齐,有条理
out of order 出了故障;次序紊乱,不按顺序
in order to/that 为了,目的在于
order sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事
order that (should) do 宾语从句+(should) do
类似用法:
当某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时,其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气,其表达形式为should +动词原形或直接用动词原形。这类名词常见的有:advice,insist , suggest/suggestion,propose /proposal,order, demand,desire,request,require/requirement,recommend /recommendation , aim , wish , necessity , preference , motion , plan,idea,resolution等。
如: I demand that he (should) answer me immediately. 我要求他立刻答复我。
He insisted that he (should) be sent there.他要求被派到那儿去。
注意:如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时",即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时,宾语从句用陈述语气。
判断:
(错) You pale face suggests that you(should)be ill.
(对) Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
(错) I insisted that you(should)be wrong.
(对) I insisted that you were wrong.
41. regret v. (regretted, regretting)遗憾;后悔做了某事;对…感到遗憾
---adj. regretful 后悔的,遗憾的
---adj. regrettable 令人懊恼的,可惜的,令人遗憾的
regret to say/to tell you/ to inform you/that …表示所后悔、遗憾的事情还没有发生
regret +n./doing sth./that从句 后悔,因做某事而遗憾、惋惜等
regret not doing sth 不后悔做过的事情
regret not having done sth
类似结构:
remember/forget to do sth.记得/忘了去做某事 remember/forget doing sth. 记得/忘了做过某事
mean to do sth.打算做某事mean doing sth.意味着
try to do sth.努力做某事try doing sth. 试试做某事
stop to do sth.停下来去做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事
go on to do sth. 继续做另外一件事go on doing sth.继续做同一件事
can’t help to do sth.不能帮忙做某事can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事
42. require v. 要求,需要
---n. requirement要求,需要的事物(一般复数)
require sth. 需要…
require doing sth.==require to be done(主动形式表被动含义) 某物需要被做…
(类似的词:need,want)
be required to do sth. 规定做某事
require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
require that sb. (should) do sth.
require sth. of sb. 要求某人做某事
43. so…that…引导结果状语从句,“如此…以至于…”即so+adj./adv. that从句
so that 引导目的状语从句,表示“为了,以便”,从句常使用can, could, may, might, will, would, should等情态动词或助动词; 引导结果状语从句,从句中一般不用can, may等词。
so…that… 与such…that…区别: 意思相同但固定搭配不同
so+adj./adv.+that 从句
such a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+that 从句
== so+adj.+ a/an+可数名词单数+that 从句
such +adj.+不可数名词/可数名词复数+that 从句
The play was so interesting that I went to see it several times.
== This was such an interesting that I went to see it several times.
== This was so interesting a play that I went to see it several times.
这个话剧十分有趣,所以我去看过好多次。
注意:名词由many, much, few, little修饰时,只能用so…that…结构。
44. act n. (戏剧)幕;行为,举动 vt. 行为,表现
---n. action行动, 活动
---n. actor演员(尤指男演员)
---n. actress . 女演员
---adj. active活泼的, 活跃的; 积极的;主动的 反义:inactive
act as担任…职务
act for代理
act on对…起作用,对…有效
take action to do sth.采取行动做某事
take an active part in积极参与…
be active in doing sth.积极做某事
45. be supposed to(to do sth.)理应/应该做某事;被认为,被看做是
46. tolerate vt. 忍受;默许;允许==stand/bear
---n. toleration 容忍精神,宽容态度
---adj. tolerant 宽容的,容忍的 反义:intolerant
---n. tolerance 容忍,宽容
tolerate doing sth. 允许做某事
47. frightened adj. 受惊的;害怕的==scared
---v. frighten 使害怕,使惊吓==scare
---adj. frightening令人害怕的,吓人的 ==scary
be frightened to do sth.害怕做某事
be frightened of sth./doing sth.
frighten sb. to death 把某人吓的要死
frighten sb away吓走某人
frighten sb/sth. off 吓走,吓跑
frighten sb into doing sth.把某人吓得做某事
48. starve v. 挨饿;渴望
---n. starvation 挨饿,饥饿,饿死
---adj. starving 挨饿的
starve for 渴望;急需
starve to death 饿死
49. be at fault 有错,要对错误负责
find fault with 挑剔;找茬,吹毛求疵
It’s your fault to make such a mistake. 犯这样的错误是你的过失。
50. defend v. 辩护,辩解;防卫,保护
---n. defence 保护,防护
---n. defender 保护者;防守队员,后卫
---n. defendant 被告
defend against 防卫;抵抗
defend with 用…防卫
defend from 防卫…以免于
defend sb. against/from sb/sth.针对…为…辩解; 保护某人/物免受…伤害
51. deserve v. 值得;应得;应受
---adj. deserved应得的,理所当然的
---adj. deserving 应得的,值得的(尤指经济上的支持)
deserve to sth. 理应做某事
deserve+名词
deserve doing sth.= deserve to be done
He deserves punishment.==He deserves punishing.==He deserves to be punished.
deserve well/ill of…应/不应受到
deserve…for为…值得做某事
deserve…from应从…受到…
52. upset adj.感到不适的;心烦意乱的 v. (upset, upsetting) 打翻;倾覆;使心烦意乱
be upset with sb 对某人不快
be upset by/at/about 对某事感到烦恼
upset stomach肠胃不适
53. emergency n.(可数) 突发事件;紧急情况
--- n. emergence 出现,显现;发生;露头(of)
--- adj. emergent 紧急的,浮现的,突然出现的;新出现的(仅用于名词前)
--- vi. emerge出现; 显出; 暴露(问题. 意见等) emerge from ( =appear, become known )
54. explanation n.(可数) 解释,说明
--- v. explain 解释,说明
explain sth. to sb.== explain sb. sth. 向某人解释某事的理由
55. be hard on sb./sth.==be strict with sb. in sth.对某人某人严厉
56. now that既然,由于,引导原因状语从句==because of the fact that==since
57. turn短语
turn one’s back on sb. (=turn away from sb. in an impolite way) 不理睬(某人),背弃,抛弃
by turns 轮换地
in turn (=successively; in order) 依次
do sth in turn / by turns = take turns to do sth / in doing sth 轮流做某事
turn against 转而反对,背叛
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