六年级英语上册语法.doc

现在进行时
（unit1&unit5）
一．意义——当表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事。
二．:be (am, is ,are )+动词现在分词-ing形式
肯定句：主语 + be + 现在分词V-ing (+ 其他)
eg: The children are playing in the park .
否定句：主语+be+not+动词-ing +其他.
eg:The children are not playing in the park.
一般疑问句：Be+主语+动词-ing +其他?
eg:Are the children playing in the park? Yes, they are. /No , they are not.
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词-ing+其他?
eg:What are they doing now?
三. 现在分词的构成：
(1)一般在动词末尾直接加ing,
如：play→playing sleep→sleeping look→looking
throw→throwing bark→barking listen→listening
climb→climbing cry→crying call→calling
wash→washing eat→eating brush→brushing
drink→drinking comb→combing clean→cleaning
go→going do→doing rain→raining
talk→talking grow→growing open→opening
sing→singing eat→eating walk→walking
(2)以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e,再加ing，
如：bite→biting write → writing have → having
dance→dancing 　
(3)以重读闭音节结尾的动词，中间只有一个元音字母，词尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing,
如： sitting running swimming shopping
四.时间标志——now，句前的look ,listen  

现在进行时专项练习：
一、写出下列动词的现在分词：
play________ run__________ swim ________eat__________ go_________
write________ sit___________ read________ have_________ wash
sleep ________ look_________ throw________ bark________ listen_________
climb________ bite_______ cry_________ clean call_________
sit ________ shop_________ brush drink comb

二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：
1.The children __________________ ( play)in the park now.
2. Lingling_______________ ( sit)on a swing now .
3. My mother _________________ ( sit )on a bench now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . He _______________( sleep).
6.The dog ____________(look) at the children now.
7.Look! Mingming ________________(throw )stones at the dog .
8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(drink ) water.
9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now.
10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is
.
三、句型转换：
1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________
2．The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________
3．I’m playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问)

_________________________________________________________________
4．Tom is listening . (改为否定句)

_________________________________________________________________

一般现在时
（unit2）
一．意义
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。　　
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。　　
3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。　

二. 构成及变化
1.be动词的变化。
　肯定句：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
　否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。
　一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
　特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?
2. 行为动词的变化。
①当主语为第一，二人称及复数时，助动词为do
　肯定句：主语+动词原形(+其它)。如：　We often play basketball after school.
　否定句：主语+ don't+动词原形(+其它)。
如：we don’t play basketball after school.
　一般疑问句：Do +主语+动词原形+其它?
　如： Do you often play basketball after school l? Yes, we do. / No, we don't.
　特殊疑问句：疑问词+以do开头的一般疑问句?
　如： What do you often do after school ?
②当主语为第三人称单数时 ,助动词为does
　肯定句：主语+动词三单式(+其它)。如： He swims well.
　否定句：主语+ doesn’t+动词原形(+其它)。如：He doesn’t swim well..
　一般疑问句：Does +主语+动词原形+其它。
　如：Does he swim well ? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
　特殊疑问句：疑问词+以does开头的一般疑问句?
　如： How does your father go to work?
三. 第三人称单数的动词变化规则(只有在第三人称为主语的肯定句中，动词才用三单式)
　(1)多数动词直接加s:
如：run→runs get→gets like→likes make→makes
leave→leaves wave→waves eat→eats clean→cleans
start→starts take→takes play→plays climb→climbs
tell→tells say→says look→looks pick→picks turn→turns
　(2)结尾是s, x, sh, ch, o,前为辅音字母,结尾加es :
watch→watches go→goes do→does wash→washes brush→brushes
　(3)动词末尾y前为辅音:将y改为i加es:
study→studies fly→flies carry→carries cry→cries
　但在y前如果为元音则直接加s:buys says
(4)不规则变化
have→has
四.时间标志：always , usually , often , sometimes ,every…

一般现在时专项练习：
一、 用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.
3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?
8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.
10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.
11. Mike _______(like) cooking.
12. They _______(have) the same hobby.
13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.
14. You always _______(do) your homework well.
15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.
16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.
17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.
18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.
20. －What day _______(be) it today? － It’s Saturday.

二、按照要求改写句子。
1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句) ___________________________________________________
2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)
__________________________ _
4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)
___________________________________________________
5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句) _______________________________________________________
6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句) ___________________________________________________
7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问) ________________________________________________________
8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问) ___________________________________________________
9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句) ___________________________________________________

三、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)
1. Is your brother speak English? __________________
2. Does he likes going fishing? __________________
3. He likes play games after class. __________________
4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. __________________
5. She don’t do her homework on Sundays. _________________

一般过去时
（unit4）
一． 意义：
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。
二． 构成及变化
1．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：
⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasn’t）
⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=weren’t）
⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。
2．句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子
否定句：didn’t +动词原形，如：Jim didn’t go home yesterday.
一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday?
特殊疑问句：⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如： What did Jim do yesterday?
⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？
如：Who went to home yesterday?
三．动词过去式变化规则：
1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：want→wanted talk→talked stay→stayed
miss→missed look→looked ask→asked kill→killed jump→jumped
2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted
3．末尾只有一个元音字母（a.e.i.o.u）和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped
4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，
如：study-studied try→tried worry→worried
5．不规则动词过去式：
am/is→was are→were do→did see→saw say→said give→gave fly→flew sit→sat have→had feel→felt have→had go→went
get→got come→came eat→ate take→took run→ran sing→sang put→put make→made read→read write→wrote drink→drank ride→rode
draw→drew speak→spoke bring→brought

过去时专项练习：
一．写出下列动词的过去式
is\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________ drink_________
play_______ go________ make ________ does_________ dance________
worry________ ask _____ taste_________ eat__________ draw________
put ______ throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________
二、用动词的适当形式填空。
1. It ______ (be) Ben’s birthday last Friday.
2. We all ______ (have) a good time last night.
3. He ________ (jump) high on last Sports Day.
4. Helen ________ (milk) a cow on Friday.
5. She likes ______ newspapers, but she ______ a book yesterday. (read)
6. He _______ football now, but they _______ basketball just now. (play)
7. Jim’s mother _________ (plant) trees just now.
8. _______ they ________ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _____.
9. I _______ (watch) a cartoon on Monday.
10. We ___________ (go) to school on Sunday.
11. It _____ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White ________ (go) to his office by car.
12. Gao Shan ________ (put) the book on his head a moment ago.
13. Don’t ______ the house. Mum _______ it yesterday. (clean)
14. What ____ you ______ just now? I _______ some housework. (do)
15. They _________ (make) a kite a week ago.
16. I want to ______ apples. But my dad _______ all of them last month. (pick)
17. _______ he ______ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _____. (water)
18. She ____ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _____ (do) Chinese dances.
19. The students often _________ (draw) some pictures in the art room.
20.What ______ Mike do on the farm? He ________ cows. (milk)
21. I ______ an English teacher now.
22. She _______ happy yesterday.
23. They _______ glad to see each other last month.
24. Helen and Nancy ________ good friends.
25. The little dog _____ two years old this year.
26. Look, there ________ lots of grapes here.
27. There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday.
28. Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____ Children’s Day. All the students ______ very excited.
29. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.
30. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.
31. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)
32. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?
33. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.
34. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.
35. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.
36. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning? She __________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.
三、句型转换。
1. There was a car in front of the house just now.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
2. They played football in the playground.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________

将来时
(unit9&10&11)
一、意义：
表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。
二、基本结构：①be going to + do； ②will+ do.
三、否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。
例如：I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.
四、一般疑问句： be或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。
例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?
五、对划线部分提问：一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。
1. 问人。Who 例如：I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York soon.
2. 问干什么。What … do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. →What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.
3. 问什么时候。When.例如：She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going to bed?
六、同义句：be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow.

练习：填空。
1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.
I ________ have a picnic with my friends.
2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。
What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday?
I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.
3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。
_____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________? Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit.
4. 你们打算什么时候见面。
What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?
改句子。
5. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定）
Nancy ________ going to go camping.
6. I’ll go and join them.（改否定）
I _______ go ______ join them.
7. I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）
________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?
8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句）
_______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.
9. She is going to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问）
________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school?
10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上)
_________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.
用所给词的适当形式填空。
11. Today is a sunny day. We ___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon.
12. My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week.
13. Tom often ______________(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He ______________ (go) to school by bike.
14. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually ________ (watch) TV and ________(catch) insects?
15. It’s Friday today. What _____she _________ (do) this weekend? She ______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects.
16. What ___________ (d0) you do last Sunday? I ____________ (pick) apples on a farm.
What ______________ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows.
17. Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.
18. Liu Tao ____________ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.
19. David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday.
20. I ________________ (plan) for my study now.