小学英语(自然拼读及国际音标)讲义.doc

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铭一教育自然拼读＆音标自然拼读进阶（及国际音标） Phonetics 授课教材学生姓名: 任课教师: 李老师就读年级: 年级授课日期: 2017. . 目录语音知识 2 Lesson 1 p b t d k g a e i o u 3 Lesson 2 c ck s ss z f v m n h l ll 4 Lesson 3 a_e e_e i_e o_e u_e ar er ir ur or 5 Lesson 4 r rr j w y x bl pl cl gl fl br pr cr gr fr 6 Lesson 5 sm sn sl sw sp st sc sk 期中复习及测试 8 Lesson 6 ai ay au aw al air ere ea 9 Lesson 7 ph ch sh s th nt nd nk ng wr wh kn 10 Lesson 8 ea ee ew ie ts ds qu tw tr dr tion 11 Lesson 9 oi oy oo o oa ou our期末总复习 12 Lesson 10 期末测试及教学分析展示 14 语音知识（一）基本的语音概念音素：发音的最小单位。英语有元音20个，辅音28个。元音：元是重要的意思。元音是发音时经常读到的，响亮的音。辅音：辅助的发音，像中文的声母。元音字母和辅音字母：在英语中有5个元音字母：A,E,I,O,U, 2个半元音字母Y,W。其他都是辅音字母。字母组合：两个或两个以上的字母在一起并有其特定的发音，这种语音现象称为字母组合，如ar /a:/, oo /:/。重读：相连的音节中某个音节发音突出的现象。英语的重音是自由重音，重读符号一般在重读音节前或元音上。音调：英语有两种基本语调：升调（↗），降调（↙）。英语国际音标表（48个）元音（20个）长元音 [ɑ:] [ɔ:] [ə:] [i:] [u:] 短元音 [ʌ] [ɔ] [ə] [i] [u] [e] [æ] 双元音 [ei] [ai] [ɔi] [iə] [ɛə] [uə] [əu] [au] 辅音（28个）清辅音 [p] [t] [k] [f] [θ] [s] 浊辅音 [b] [d] [ɡ] [v] [ð] [z] 清辅音 [ʃ] [h] [ʦ] [ʧ] [tr] 浊辅音 [ʒ] [r] [ʣ] [ʤ] [dr] 鼻音 [m] [n] [ŋ] 半元音 [j] [w] 边音 [1] 26个字母发音表 Lesson 1 1. IPA p //--- pat pen pig pot put paper b //--- bat bed big box but book t //--- ten time take talk tell taxi d //--- dad bad duck dog day dear k //--- kid kite cake take make lake g //--- good game gate gun go dog a //--- bag bad sad fat man apple e //--- bed bet pen get leg left i // --- big sit dig fit hill milk o //--- box fox dog hot lot not o //--- son mother brother other love some u //--- but bus sun run cut nut Phonemic spelling pin pop tin nut pot did dad but pit* bit cub* fin* Ted* dot fan bat fun top lot hot kiss cut luck gun but fox fat map Lesson 2 1.IPA c //---(在字母a,o,u前) cap card call carry c //---(在字母e,i,前) cent city circle ice ck //--- cock chick truck clock black rock s //--- sad sell sit say sun sorry ss //--- pass less miss loss success discuss z //--- zero zebra zed zoo zip zone s //--- has raise excuse please these those f //--- fat farm four five fine fast v //--- very leave five verb vote visit m //--- map mad milk make warm movie n //--- nine nice not now fun fan h //--- hot help hello how hate hop l //--- leg left late lion girl school ll //--- mall tall full ball hill small 2.Practice (1) Phonemic spelling fed got nut hit late pass very dollar hut nim fond victory vest lot fit catch sing luck save family crack check jazz ham team cinema leg same Lesson 3 1.IPA a_e /e/--- lake take cake bake safe save e_e /i:/--- eve bee seed these Chinese Japanese i_e /a/--- kite bike ride like write site o_e //--- home nose bone hope rose smoke u_e /:/--- cute tube fuse use pure excuse ar //--- far mark card park farm hard er //---（在重读音节） her verb herb term serve //--- (在非重读音节） sister mother teacher worker ruler ir //--- sir third bird dirty firm girl ur //--- fur hurt turn nurse burn Thursday or /:/--- born corn dork fork horse north ( Lesson 4 1.IPA r //--- red rice run rain read room rr //--- borrow tomorrow parrot porridge surrender carrot j //--- June July jacket jazz jam jump w //--- wet week wait warm watch wine y //--- yes you your year yet yell y /a/--- my why fly sky spy ply* y //--- sunny rainy windy cloudy snowy study x //--- box fox fix taxi max fax bl //--- black block blank blame bless blond pl //--- play plan plane plate please plus cl //--- clean clear class clock clap climb gl //--- glad glass globe glue glide glory fl //--- fly floor flag flat flame flash br //--- bring breakfast bridge bread brand breath pr //--- price pray pride pretty prime practice cr //--- cry cross cream crab crime crack gr //--- grass green grape great greet grandma fr //--- fry frog from free frame friend 2.Practice (1)Phonemic spelling leg late rot rat Jack went jog rock relax yam mall windy fly dry block bless plate plant clock ox clap glass glum grab fix crab friend frist Note: Lesson 5 1. IPA sm //--- smile smell smart smoke smooth Smith sn //--- snack snap snow sneaker snake snip sl //--- slow sleep slam slack slim sly sw //--- swim sweet sweep swing sweater swear sp //--- speak spell spring space speed spoon st //--- star step stand stamp stone start sc //--- scan scar scarf school scare scab sk //--- sky skirt skate skin skip skill (1) Dictation 期中测试（笔试80%+口试20%） 1. 写出下列字母以及字母组合对应音标（48分）： p b t d k a e i o u g c s z f v h m n l r j w x y y y bl pl cl gl fl br pr cr fr ar er cl ir or ur 2. 朗读并写出下列单词的音标（32分）： pen red nut fan bat map big cab bad pot pot cap bag me sun went fly wet yes fat good glass pig make _ scar very sad play five grass black price Lesson 6 1.IPA ai //--- aim rain wait fail rail pain ay //--- day say pay way may gay au /:/--- autumn August daughter taught caught autumn aw /:/--- saw law paw* caw* draw lawn* al /:/--- all call fall talk wall walk air //--- air hair pair fair chair air ere //--- there where somewhere everywhere there where ea //--- head dead health breakfast ready feather ea /i:/--- tea sea pea read reach east 2.Practice (1) Phonemic spelling speed afraid mind small way clap taught cause paw four chalk chair pair claw same mum feather dead tea pea Lesson 7 1.IPA ph //--- phone photo telephone phase phrase elephant ch //--- chair cheap chalk rich chip much sh //--- she ship shop fish shoe shy d //--- dad bad dig dog day dear th //--- three thank thin thick think third th//--- this that them they their there nt //--- lent bent sent hunt faint saint nd //--- wind kind sand fond bond blond nk //--- pink ink tank bank blank think ng //--- bang hang sing ring king bring s //--- measure treasure pleasure leisure enclosure exposure wr //--- write wrong wrap wring wrest wrestle wh //--- who whose whole whom whoop wholly wh//--- when what where why which white kn //--- know knife knock knot knight knee (1) Phonemic spelling phrase phone chin* cheek shame shy thin thing there tent* wind sand tank pink hang strong measure pleasure wrist write whose who whale which knife knock lent three Note: chin: 下巴 tent: 帐篷 wrist: 手腕 enclosure: 包围 exposure: 暴露 Lesson 8 1. IPA ea //--- head dead health breakfast ready feather ea/i:/--- tea sea pea read reach east ee /i:/--- see bee tree free beef street ew /:/-- few new mew* dew hew jew* ie /a/--- tie lie die pie hie vie ie/i:/--- piece field believe achieve niece brief ts /ts/--- cats boats coats jackets lights streets ds/dz/--- birds clouds roads foods beds finds qu //--- quick quite queen quarter question quack tw //--- twin twelve twenty twinkle twister* twilight* tr //--- tree trip try train truck troop dr //--- drum drink draw dress drive dream tion //- action caution section station mention vacation 2.Practice (1) Phonemic spelling feather dead tea pea deep sheep mew dew* die lie field chief* caution section sheets jackets beds birds queen quite twin twice train tree drank dress Note: jew: 犹太人 twister: 缠绕 twilight: 黄昏 mew: 猫叫 dew: 露水 chief: 首领 Lesson 9 1.IPA oi //--- oil toil soil coin join noise oy //--- boy toy joy soy goy enjoy oo //-- book look foot good cook took oo /:/--- too zoo moon noon room food o //--- go open ok both ago no oa //--- boat coat road soap goal float ou //--- out loud cloud house round ground our //-- our sour* hour lour* flour scour* our/:/--- four your pour * course * source* mourn* 2.Practice (1) Phonemic spelling soil noise coin boy toy foot look room noon boat soap road goal cloud house sour four your course Note: lour: 阴沉 scour: 擦亮 mourn: 哀悼期末总复习 1.元音部分短元音 [i] [ә] [] [] [Λ] [e] [æ] 长元音 [i:] [] [ ɔ:] [u:] [] 双元音 [e] [a] [] [] [] [] [] [] 2.辅音部分清辅音 [p] [t] [k] [f] [θ] [s] [ts] [∫] [t∫] [tr] 浊辅音 [b] [d] [g] [v] [ð] [z] [dz] [] [] [dr] 其他辅音 [m] [n] [] [h] [l] [w] [r] [j] 3.听写48个国际音标 4.写出下列字母或字母组合对应的音标 p： b： t: d： g: v: a_e： o_e： e_e： i_e： u_e： a： o： e： i： u： ee： ea： ew： wh： ar： ir： er： ur： or： oo： oa： ou： dr： our： oi: oy： kn： ck： qu： tw： tr： 5.拼读练习 pin gate five June these ten cow dot bank burn brother born wait plus bat bread great clock speed shout storm fur herb windy broom mother peach free way round because talk fair station bird fun sleep knock 14

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