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初中英语语法之现在完成时讲解练习答案.doc

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现在完成时 【现在完成时】 A. 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。 【常用时间状语】recently, lately, since+时间点, for+数字+时间名词, in the past few months/years等 【构成】 肯定形式:have/has + done     否定形式:have/has + not +done     一般疑问句:have或has放于句首  B. 现在完成时的用法 1)现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成,而对现在有影响。 eg. The car has arrived. 车子来了。(结果:车子已在门口)     Someone has broken the window. 有人把窗户打破了。(结果:窗户仍破着) 区别:have been to, have gone to, have been in have been to,表示去过某个地方,不过现在已经回来了 have gone to表示去了,但还没有回来,也许是在去的途中 have been in指的是在某个地方,从过去一直延续到现在 例如:你以前去过北京么?                    例如:A: Is Mr.Wang at home? B: No,he is not in,               (他去香港了)   2)现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去,持续到现在,也许还会持续下去。常用for和since表示一段时间的状语或so far,now,today,this week (month,year)等表示包括现在时间在内的状语。   eg. He has studied English for 5 years.     He has studied English since 2001.     Now I have finished the work.  注意:表示短暂时间动作的词,如:come,go,die,marry,buy等的完成时不能与for,since等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作,如live,study,be,wait等,常和since(自从)或for(经历)引导的词语连用。 如:I have lived here for more than thirty years.我已在此住了30多年。 由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换: 1 arrive →be here begin(start)→be on die →be dead come back →be back leave →be away fall ill(sick, asleep) →be ill(sick, asleep) get up →be up go out →be out finish →be over put on →wear 或be on open →be open join →be in 或be a member of… close →be closed go to school →be a student borrow →keep buy →have catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know begin to study →study come to work →work 例题 ( )1.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _____ for 20 minutes. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away ( )2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in ( )3.The factory ____ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened ( )4.Mary and Rose ____friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become ( )5.You mustn't_____ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left ( )6.The meeting _____ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over ( )7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught ( )8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years. A. has been B. has become C. was D. became ( )9. I ______ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned ( )10. How long _______ he ________ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead ( )11. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept ( )12.He ________ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had ( )13.---How long _____ you _____ ill ? ---Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been ( )14.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from ( )15.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take 练习 [单项选择] ( )1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they ______what's happened to him. A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know ( )2、He has _______ been to Shanghai, has he ? A. already B. never C. ever D. still ( )3、Have you met Mr Li ______? A. just B. ago C. before   D. a moment ago ( )4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year . A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote   D. has written ( )5、—Our country ______ a lot so far . —Yes. I hope it will be even ______. A. has changed; well   B. changed; good C. has changed; better D. changed; better ( )6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years . A. was; studying  B. will; study C. has; studied D. are; studying ( )7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew ( )8、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I ______ it twice. A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see ( )9、—These farmers have been to the United States . —Really? When _____ there? A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone ( )10、—______ you ___ your homework yet? —Yes. I _____ it a moment ago. A.Did; do; finished B.Have; done; finished C.Have; done; have finished D.will; do; finish ( )11、His father ______ the club since 1988. A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in ( )12、—Do you know her well? — Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago. A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made ( )13、—How long have you ____ here? —About seven years. A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived ( )14、Hurry up! The program __________ for five minutes . A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began ( )15、It _____ ten years since he came Chengdu. A. is B. has C. will D. was ( )16、Miss Green isn't in the office. She _______ to the library. A. has gone B. went C. will go D. has been ( )17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years . A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been ( )18、He ________ for 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up C. has been up ( )19、Tom is ill in hospital. He ______ a cold for several days. A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had ( )20、His grandparents ______ for more than 9 years. A. has come here   B. has started to work C. has lived there   D. has left the university [汉译英] 1、 吉姆已做完作业,他现在有空了。 2、 他昨天收到一封信。 3、 我父亲以前到过长城。 4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。 5、 她去过上海。 Keys: 1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,或过去发生的动作还未结束,一直持续到现在或将来,重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大,往往无时间状语,需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理,正确答案是B。 2、现在完成时常与already(已经),just(刚刚,正好),ever(曾经),never(从来,也不;从不),before(以前),yet(仍然)等连用。故2应选B。 3、C 4、现在完成时常与recently(近来),so far(到目前为止),in the past/“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间,句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故4应选D。 5、C 6、现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用(含从句,从句过去时)。故6应选C。 7、C 8、现在完成时还与once(一次),twice(两次),three times(三次),several times(几次)等表示重复次数的词语连用。故8应选B。 9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆,就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去,但二者又有区别:一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作,说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情,与现在没有关系;现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作,它不与表示过去的时间状语(如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等)连用。故9的正确答案为B。 10、B 11、现在完成时中,非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用,通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故11的正确答案依次为:D。 12、B 13、A 14、C 15、A。 16、“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地(还未回来)”,指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”,常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has been to +地点”表示“曾经去过某地(但现在已不在那儿)。”故16的正确答案为A。 17、A 18、D 19、C 20、C 汉译英。 1、Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is free now. 2、He received a letter yesterday. 3、My father has been to the Great Wall before. 4、She hasn't seen the new film yet. 5、She has been to Shanghai. 6、Where has he been these days? 5
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