小学英语语法之副词.doc

小学英语语法之副词

副词的意义：用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词和全句的词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。如
Cars run fast.（副词修饰动词run)
It is raining heavily outside.( 副词修饰动词rain)
These candies are very delicious. (副词修饰形容词delicious)
I can't work too quickly.( 副词修饰副词quickly)
Luckily, Ms Black won the lottery.(副词luckily修饰全句）

副词的分类：
时间副词：today, tomorrow, yesterday, always, often, now, before
地点副词：here, there, down, up, down
方式副词：slowly, badly, hard, fast
程度副词：very, much, still, almost, too
疑问副词：why, what, where, when, how

副词的位置
1. 副词修饰动词、动名词、名词时，通常放在被修饰动词的后面。
I’m working carefully.
She is working hard.
2. 副词修饰形容词、副词时，通常位于被修饰的词前。
The book is very interesting, I like it very much.
She swims quickly enough.
3. 副词修饰数词时，通常位于数词前。
The women is over forty, but she looks very young.

副词的排列顺序
1.副词表示时间地点时，小单位在前，大单位在后。
Next week, I’ll reach Kunming, China.
Lucy was born on November 12th,1985,in Changchun, Jilin Province.
2.副词表示方式时，拼写短的在前，拼写长的在后，并用and或者but连接。
Can you say it slowly and clearly?
3.多个不同副词排列：程度+方式+地点+时间
The man runs very slowly along the river at 6:30 every morning.

方式副词的变化（形容词变副词）

1. 规则变化
范围
变化规则
例词
大部分形容词
加ly
Careless--carelessly
Quiet---quietly
Different---differently
以y 结尾且读音为/ei/结尾的形容词
加ly
Shy --shyly
Dry --dryly
Gay --gayly/gaily
元音字母加le结尾的形容词
加ly
Sole -- solely
以y 结尾且读音为/i/结尾的形容词
变y为i,加ly
Easy--easily
Angry--angrily
Noisy--noisily
Happy --happily
Heavy -- heavily
Healthy --healthily
辅音加le结尾的形容词
变le为ly
Possible--possibly
Terrible---terribly
Comfortable -- comfortably
Gentle --gently
Simple ---simply
2. 不规则变化

本身是形容词也是副词，无需改变
Fast---fast
Early --early
High --high
Hard --hard
Late --late
Far --- far
Wide -- wide
Alone --alone
形容词和副词完全不同的单词
Good--well
初中阶段唯一一个去掉字母e的单词
True---truly

注意：虽然以ly结尾，但却是形容词的单词
Friendly
Lively
Lovely
Lonely
likely

副词的比较等级
1.副词比较等级的构成
a.单音节副词和个别双音节副词加-er或者-est构成比较级和最高级

原级
比较级
最高级
Fast
faster
fastest
Soon
later
latest
late
earlier
earliest

b.大多数双音节副词和所有多音节副词在前面加more或者most构成比较级和最高级
原级
比较级
最高级
Quickly
more quickly
most quickly
Carefully
more carefully
most carefully
luckily
more luckily
most luckily

c.有些副词的比较级和最高级的变化是不规则的。

原级
比较级
最高级
Well
better
best
badly
worse
worst
much
more
most
far
farther/further
Farthest/furthest

2副词比较级的用法
（1） 副词原级的用法
副词的原级用于两个人或事物的比较，表示两者相等
She can run as fast as me .
I often come to school as early as you.
（2） 副词比较级的用法
用于两个人或事物的比较，表示“比……更……”
My mum usually gets up earlier than me.
He did more quickly than I did.
（3） 副词最高级的用法
用于三个或三个以上人或事物之间的比较，表示“最……”
Joy runs the fastest in my class.
Lily sang the best of all the singers

Game：动词+副词
动词：clean, cut, fall, jump, laugh, open, point, sing, study, teach, touch, climb, dig, eat, kick, paint, shout, sleep, sweep, think, walk, work, carry, drink, run, speak, talk, cry, drive, listen, taste, throw, write
副词：gladly, sadly, angrily, easily, foolishly, hungrily, loudly, sleepily, quickly, slowly, badly, happily, quietly, busily, excitedly
游戏：将动词和副词写在卡片上，学生抽出两张卡片，表演出来，其他同学猜测

练习题

一.给下列副词分类，在相应的横线上填空

often there loudly then why too
down yesterday where enough slowly when
quite everywhere heavily now

1.时间副词：_often___________________________________
2.地点副词：________________________________________
3.方式副词：________________________________________
4.程度副词：________________________________________
5.疑问副词：________________________________________

二.用适当的副词填空
例：Jack was hungry. He ate his dinner __hungrily_____
1.I am a good basketball player. I play________
2.Dad was very angry with me. He shouted at me_______
3.Mr Baker is a careful driver. He drives________
4.Ann is a fast swimmer. She swims_________
5.The firemen were brave. They fought the fire_________

三.从方框中选择最适当的副词，并用其正确形式填空，每个词只能用一次。

often sweet fast good late
too how outside suddenly

例：I __often___ go to school by bus
我经常乘公共汽车上学
1.Kate sings ______
2.Lucy runs as ____as her sister
3.The man is too old to walk______
4.Tom wake up late this morning; he was the _____to arrive
5.The children are playing games________
6.Henry is _____young to drive a car
7.----______do you like the dishes?
-----Very much
8.The driver braked_____ when he saw a dog ahead.

四.写出下列副词的比较级和最高级
副词原级
比较级
最高级
carefully

quickly

well

much

late

五.根据中文提示完成句子。
例：Mary run as fast as me
玛丽和我跑的一样快
1.She gets up ____ _____ ____her sister
她和姐姐起得一样早
2.Amy_____ ______ _____dancer, she dances______ ______
艾米是为优秀的舞者，她舞跳得很好
3.The box_____ ______ _____, little Tom_____ ______ ______
这个盒子太重了，小汤姆不太容易搬动它。
4.Which one do you like ____ _______all the three?
这三个中你最喜欢哪一个？
5.They ______ _____ ___ ____ ___ ____ _____ _____ ____ _____