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新人教版八年级英语上册期中复习.doc

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八年级英语上册期中考试复习 Unit1 Where did you go on vacation? u 词组: • go on vacation去度假 • stay at home待在家里 • go to the mountains去爬山 • go to the beach去海滩 • visit museums 参观博物馆 • go to summer camp去参观夏令营 • quite a few相当多 • study for为……而学习 • go out出去 • most of the time大部分时间 • taste good尝起来很好吃 • have a good time doing玩得高兴 • of course当然 feel like给……的感觉;感受到 • go shopping去购物 • in the past在过去 • walk around四处走走 • because of因为 • drink tea喝茶 • find out找出;查明 • go on doing继续 • take photos照相 • something important重要的事 • up and down上上下下 • come up 出来 • buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.为某人买某物 • taste + adj. 尝起来…… • look + adj. 看起来…… • do nothing…but+动词原形 除了…之外什么都没有 • seem+(to be)+ adj. 看起来…… • arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点 get to /reach到达某地 • decide to do sth.决定去做某事 • forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 • forget to do sth.忘记做某事 • start doing sth.开始做某事 • stop doing sth. 停止做某事 • dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 • keep doing sth.继续做某事 • Why not do. sth.?为什么不做……呢? • So +adj. + that+从句 如此……以至于…… • tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不要)做某事 • enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 知识点 • 1. on vacation 度假 on vacation = on holiday 意为“度假” • 2. anything interesting 一些有趣的东西 • 1)something,anything,nothing,everything是指物的不定代词。 somebody,someone,anybody,anyone,nobody,everybody,everyone是指人的不定代词。somewhere,anywhere,nowhere,everywhere是指地点的不定代词。 — Hi, Mark. I’m new here. Can you tell me  about our school? — Of course, Linda. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing • There isn’t ______ with your bicycle. you can ride home A something wrong B anything wrong C wrong something D nothing wrong • 2)当形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,放在这些词的后面; There isn’t ______ with your bicycle. you can ride home A something wrong B anything wrong C wrong something D nothing wrong • 3)这些不定代词做主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数。如: • Is everybody here? 大家都到齐了吗? • something,somebody,someone,somewhere用于肯定句及表示请求或建议的疑问句中,而anything,anybody,anyone,anywhere用于否定句及疑问句中。如: • Did you do anything interesting? 你做了有趣的事吗?(表疑问) • Why don’t you visit someone with me? 你为什么不跟我一起去拜访下某个人呢?(表建议) • 3. 提建议的句子: • ①What/ how about +doing sth.? 如:What/ How about going shopping? • ②Why don’t you + do sth.? 如:Why don’t you go shopping? • ③Why not + do sth. ? 如:Why not go shopping? • ④Let’s + do sth. 如: Let’s go shopping • ⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如:Shall we/ I go shopping? • 4. long time no see 好久不见 • 5. quite a few 相当多 6、 a few 与 a little 的区别,few 与 little 的区别 • ⑴ a few 一些 修饰可数名词 • a little 一些 修饰不可数名词 两者都表肯定意义 如:He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。 There is a little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里有一些糖。 • ⑵ few 少数的 修饰可数名词 little 少数的 修饰不可数名词 但两者都表否定意义 如:He has few friends. 他没有几个朋友。 There is little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里没有多少糖。 There are ______ people, so it’s very crowded (拥挤的) A quite a few B a lot C a little D few • 7. Still no one seemed to be bored. 仍然没有人感到烦闷。 • seem意为“好像;似乎;看来”,是个连系动词,构成的短语有: • seem to do sth. 好像做某事 如:They seem to talk in class. 他们似乎上课说话。 • seem(to be)+adj. 似乎...... 如:He seemed ( to be) ill yesterday. 昨天他似乎病了。 • It seems that + 从句 似乎...... 如It seems that he was ill yesterday. 昨天他似乎病了。 8、-ed及-ing的区别 • 相似但有区别词语: • interested adj. 感兴趣的 interesting adj. 有趣的 • surprised adj. 感到惊奇的 surprising adj. 惊奇的 • tired 累的 tiring 令人疲惫的 • excited 兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋/激动的 • amazed 惊讶的 amazing 令人惊讶的 • worried 担忧的 worrying 令人担心的 • relaxed 放松的 relaxing 令人放松的 • bored 烦躁的 boring 令人烦躁的 • 11. decide 意为“决定”,是动词。它的名词形式为decision。构成的短语有: decide to do sth. decide on doing sth. 决定做某事 make a decision to do sth. • 决定不要做某事,要用decide not to do sth.。 • 如:Li Lei has decided to go to Beijing . 李雷已经决定去北京。 • It’s only 19:00. we decide ______ home A going B go to C not to go D not to go to • 16. bring sth.to +地点,意为“带来”,其反义词是take。如: • Please bring your book to our school. 请把你的书带到我们学校来。 • Please take your book to your school. 请把你的书带到你的学校去 • 17.enough 足够  形容词+enough 如:beautiful enough足够漂亮 enough+名词 如:enough food 足够食物 enough to  足够…去做…  如:I have enough money to go to Beijing. She is old enough to go to school. 她够大去读书了 Anna is _____ to work out the problems. A.careful enough B.enough careful C. carefully enough D. enough carefully • 18. so … that 如此…以致于 引导结果状语从句,so后面接形容词、副词. that 后面跟从句。 如:She was so sad that she couldn’t say a word. 她悲伤得一句话也说不出来。 • 19. taste good 尝起来很好吃。taste 系动词用法“尝起来”后+形容词。其他表示状态的系动词有:feel(觉得) keep(保持)stay(保持)seem(好像)look(看来像……)smell(闻起来)sound(听起来……)taste(尝起来……) • 系动词与形容词连用 • The weather stays very hot。天气非常热。 He seems very clever。 他好像很聪明。 • Jim looks like his father吉姆长得像他父亲。The fish smells terrible. 这鱼闻起来坏了。 • That sounds a good idea。 那听起来是个好主意。 The soup tastes very delicious。这汤尝起来非常香。 • I feel sick。 我感到难受。 Keep quiet,please! 请安静下来! The cookies ________ good. Can I have some more? A. taste B. smell C. feel D. sound 语法 一般过去时 • 1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如: • Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了? • He ate junk food last week .(改为否定句) • 2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。例如: • He was already in the habit of reading widely in his boyhood.他童年时就养成了广泛阅读的习惯。 • We went swimming every day last summer.去年夏天我们每天去游泳。 • He often came to see me when I was in hospital.在我住院期间,他经常来看我。 一般过去时 • 谓语动词变过去式的规则: • 动词情况构成方式例词一般情况加-ed : play—played, work—worked,look—looked 以 -e 结尾的动词加-d :live—lived,hope—hoped, arrive—arrived • 以辅音字母 -y 结尾的动词变y为i加-ed : study—studied,cry—cried,reply—replied 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的动词双写辅音字母加-ed :stop—stopped,regret—regretted,pat—patted,nod—nodded,plan—planned 不规则动词不规则变化(见附表)begin—began, 一般过去时 • 一般过去时态的否定和疑问: • 1)谓语是实义动词时,要借助于助动词did • We didn’t see anything wonderful yesterday . • Did they finish their homework last Sunday ? • She didn’t do any work this morning . • When did he come to your school ? • 2)谓语中有be或情态助动词时,不再另加其它助动词:There wasn’t anything important in yesterday’s newspaper. • Could he arrive there on time ? Unit2 How often do you exercise? Ø 词组 • help with housework帮助做家务 • on weekends在周末 • how often多久一次 • hardly ever几乎从不 • once a week每周一次 • twice a month每月两次 • be free有空 • go to the movies去看电影 • use the Internet用互联网 • play tennis打网球 • stay up late熬夜;睡得很晚 • at least至少 • have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈课和钢琴课 • go to bed early早点睡觉 • play sports进行体育活动 • go camping去野营 • not…at all一点儿也不…… • in one’s free time在某人的业余时间 • the most popular最受欢迎的 • such as比如;诸如 • old habits die hard积习难改 • go to the dentist去看牙医 • more than多于;超过 • less than少于 • help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事 • How about…? .....怎么样?…好不好? • want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事 • sb.+ find+ that从句. 某人发现…… • spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光 spend time on sth/ (in) doing sth. • It’s+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事是……的。 • ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事 • by doing sth. 通过做某事 • the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式 • What’s your favorite…?你最喜爱的……是什么? Ø 知识点 1、want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事 • My mother ____me to read for 30 minutes every morning. A.wants B.makes C.has D.lets 2、 —How often do you watch TV? 你多久看一次电视? —Twice a week. 一周两次。 • how often表示“多久一次”,是对动作的频率进行提问。可用于回答表示频率的副词,如always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never等,或用于回答表示频率的短语,如once a day (一天一次),twice a week (一周两次),four times a month (一个月四次),every day (每一天)等。如: do you surf the Internet?—Once a week. A.How many times B.How often C.When D.How much 3、 疑问词how的用法 (1) how many,how much表示“多少” how many后接可数名词复数,how much接不可数名词。How many times do you go to the park? How much are those pants? • (2)how many times 询问多少次,其答语表示次数。如:once twice,three times等 • How many times do you go to the movies a month? About three times. (3) How old...? 询问年龄 How old are you? I am five. • I go to school five days a week. (对画线部分提问) • (4) How about…? ……如何? ……怎么样? How about going to the movies? • (5)how long 询问多长时间,其答语表示一段时间,如:for two days,for three hours等。 • How long will it take to get to the station? About half an hour。 • (6)how soon 用来询问过多久,多久以后,其答语是in two hours,in three days等。 • How soon wil he come back? In an hour • 4. be free意为“有空”是形容词,其反义词为“be busy”。free的另一种意思是“自由的;不受约束的”,其名词形式为freedom。还有一个意思是“免费的”,如:They enjoy free medical care. 他们享受免费医疗。 • 5. be full 意为“满的;忙的”是形容词,其反义词有: • full(满的)—— empty(空的),full(饱的)——hungry(饿的)。如: • I am full, so I don’t want anything.我饱了,所以我不想要了。 6、 eat breakfast意为“吃早饭”同义词组为 have breakfast,其中间不加冠词,但当三餐前有形容词修饰时,要加不定冠词 a 或an。如: have a big dinner 吃一顿丰盛的晚餐 • 7.She says it’s good for my health. 她说那对我的健康有益。 • (1)be good for意思是“对……有好处”。如: • ▲ Doing exercise is good for our health. 进行锻炼对我们的身体有好处。 • 【辨析】:be good for, be good at 与be good to He’s good ___ swimming.Swimming is good ____ his health A.for,at B.at,for C.for,for D.at,at • (2)health是一个名词,意思是“健康”,它的形容词形式是healthy,意思是“健康的”。如: • ▲ My grandmother is over 80 years old, but she is very healthy. 我奶奶八十多岁了,但她非常健康。 • ▲ We should keep in good health.我们要保持健康。We keep _______ and it keeps us ______ A to swim ; health B swimming; healthy C to swim ; healthy D swimming; health • 8. ask sb. (not) to do 叫…(不)做某事 • Teacher asked me to clean the classroom. • Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom. • ask sb. about sth. 问某人某事 We asked our students about their free time activities. • ask sb. for help 向某人求助 如:ask teacher for help 向老师寻求帮助 9、 go online意为“上网”,其同义词为“use the Internet”。 • 10. help with sth. 如:They help with this problem. • help sb. (to)do sth. 如:They help you relax. 他们帮助你放松 • 11. at least 最少 原形little 比较级less 最高级least • 如:we should sleep at least 8 hours.我们至少得睡8个小时 • 12. although为连词,意思是“尽管;虽然”,表示转折关系,同义词有though。 • 与but作用相同,但是用法不同。特别注意英、汉在此意义上的表达区别:汉语中经常说“虽然……但是……”,但在英语中,although和but不能同时使用,即“虽然”和“但是”只能用其一。如: • ▲ Although I get up early, I can’t catch the early bus. •   = I get up early, but I can’t catch the early bus. 尽管我起得很早,但还是没有赶上早班车。 — Why do you look unhappy, Lucy? — I can’t learn math well     I always work hard. A. because B. and C. although D. so • 13. be surprised 意为“惊讶” 构成的短语有 • be surprised to do sth惊讶做某事 • be surprised that + 从句 • to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是 如: • to their surprise 令他们惊讶的是 to Li Lei’s surprise令李雷惊讶的是 • 14. stay up 熬夜如:I often stay up until 12:00pm.我经常熬夜到12点 — Why do you look unhappy, Lucy? — I can’t learn math well    I always work hard. A. because B. and C. although D. so 15、The best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式 原形good 比较级better 最高级best 如: • I think the best way to relax is to listen to music. 我认为最好的休闲方式是听音乐。 Ø 语法 一、一般现在时 • 一般现在时主要用来表示每天、每周等经常一直如此,长期进行下去的动作,其着眼点不在描述具体的动作,而是通过提出不断反复的动作,来说明某一真理或某一经常性习惯性的举动。 一般现在时的几种主要用法 • 1)一般现在时表示客观事实、客观存在的普遍真理、用于一般现在时的时间状语常见的有:often, usually,always,sometimes, seldom,ever,never,every day(week,month,year), once a year,now and them,from time to time。例如: • The earth moves around the sun. • Shanghai lies in the east of China. 2)表示格言或警句 • Pride goes before a fall. • 注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 • 例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 3)表示现在习惯性的、经常重复的或定期发生的动作或存在的状态。 • I leave home for school at 7 every morning. • We go to school every day except on Sunday. 4)表示能力、性格、个性等。 例如:I don't want so much. • Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 一般现在时态的几点注意: • 1)表示“感觉”和“状态”或“关系”等的动词(如be,like,love,hate,want,think,remember,find,sound,forget,refuse,see,allow,prove,have,matter,taste,look,feel)常用一般现在时,不用现在进行时。例如: • Carl and Wang Bing are students. • In the evening I love sitting by the fire and playing my guitar. 一般现在时态的几点注意: • 2)有时用这个时态表示“按计划、规定,时刻表”要发生的动作,句中(都带有时时间状语),但限于少数动词,如:begin,come,leave,go,arrive,start,stop,return,open,close等。例如: • The meeting begins at seven. • The train leaves at 17:40. 一般现在时态的几点注意: • 3) 还要注意其动词形式的变化。该时态主要由动词原形表示,但第三人称单数后要加词尾-s或 -es,be和have有特殊的变化形式, be (am, is , are) have( has ) 。 • 一般情况在词尾加-s ,包括以“元音字母+y”结尾的词 work—works, run—runs, play—plays • 在以ch,sh,x,s等辅音字母或以元音字母o结尾的词加-es,如词尾为-e,只加-s miss—misses, finish—finishes, teach—teaches, lose—loses, live—lives go---goes do---does • 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先变y为i,在加-es study—studies , try---tries 一般现在时态的几点注意: • 表示否定和疑问时: • 1)实义动词做谓语的要借助于助动词do\does He doesn’t like his new school. Does he speak English well ? Do you/they------? Where does she live ?Where do they live ? 2)谓语中有be动词或情态助动词的,不能再加其它助动词 There isn’t any rice in the bag . We can’t do anything but wait. Where are you now ? Unit3 I’m more outgoing than my sister Ø 词组 • more outgoing更外向 • as…as…与……一样…… • the singing competition唱歌比赛 • be similar to与……相像的/类似的 • the same as和…相同;与…一致 • be different from与……不同 • care about关心;介意 • be like a mirror像一面镜子 • the most important最重要的 • make friends交朋友 • the other其他的 • touch one’s heart感动某人 • be talented in music有音乐天赋 • be good at擅长…… • be good for对……有好处 • be good with善于与……相处 • have fun doing sth.享受做某事的乐趣 • be good at doing sth擅长做某事 • reach for伸手取 • in fact事实上;实际上 • bring out使显现;使表现出 • get better grades取得更好的成绩 • as long as只要;既然 • make sb. do sth.让某人做某事 • as+adj./adv.的原级+as 与……一样…… • It’s+ adj.+ for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说,做某事……的。 Ø 知识点 • 1.He has shorter hair than Sam. 他的头发比萨姆的短。 • than 比……(用于形容词,副词的比较级之后) • 当两个人或者物进行比较时,要用形容词的比较级。“比较级 + than” 表示“比......更......”。一般形容词或副词的比较级是在词后加-er。但要注意比较的对象。如: • I am taller than Jim. 我比吉姆高。 • His hair is shorter than Sam’s. 他的头发比萨姆的短。 • This book is more interesting than that one.这本书比那本书有趣。 • 连词成句 more the his than outgoing boy is sister • 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级 • 大多数形容词和副词有三个等级:1)原级(不作比较),修饰词 so, too,very, pretty, really; • 2)比较级,表示“较……”或“更……”的意思(两者之间进行比较), 标志词than, A or B, of the two, 修饰词much, a lot, a little,even; • 3)最高级,表示“最……”的意思(三者或三者以上作比较),形容词最高级前面一般要加定冠词the,后面可带in(of)短语来什么比较的范围。 Mike did____( badly)in the competition in his class and the teacher was angry
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