英语常用时态的构成和运用市公开课一等奖百校联赛特等奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,16种时 态Tenses时 态 的 构 成和运用,第1页,普通,进行,完成,完成进行,现,在,write,(单三writes),am,is writing,are,has,written,have,has,been writing,have,过,去,Wrote,was,writing,were,had written,had been writing,将,来,shall,write,will,shall,be writing,will,shall,have written,will,shall,have been writing,will,过,去,将,来,should,write,would,should,be wrting,would,should,have written,would,should,have been writing,would,第2页,一、普通现在时(The Present Indefinite),普通现在时表示客观事实，普遍真理，习惯性动作，现在特征等。它主要由动词原形表示，但第三人称单数作主语时，谓语动词应加词尾s(be用 is,have 用 has)：,普通现在时有以下基本使用方法：,1.表示经常、重复和习惯性动作或状态，比如：,He always sleeps with his windows open.,他总是开着窗户睡觉。,Barking dogs seldom bite.,吠犬不咬人。,He smokes twenty cigarettes a day.,他天天抽20支烟。,第3页,2.表示主语现在职业、性格、特征、能力等，比如：,She is our English teacher.,她是我们英语老师。,She has great concern for her patients.,她对病人很关心。,English is a language spoken all around the world.,英语是一个世界范围语言。,第4页,3.表示客观事实或普遍真理，比如：,The earth moves round the sun.,地球绕着太阳运转。,Summer comes after spring.,春去夏来。,4.表示按日历、时刻表、要求或安排将要发生情况，比如：,Tomorrow is Thursday.,明天是星期四。,The plane takes off at 9 a.m.,飞机早晨九点起飞。,第5页,School begins the day after tomorrow.,后天开学。,5.在时间或条件状语从句中，表示未来动作或状态，比如：,When you see Jack tomorrow,remember me to him.,明天你看到杰克时，代我向他问好。,If the rain stops,well be able to go out for a walk.,假如雨停了，我们就能出去散步了。,第6页,二、普通过去时(The Past Indefinite),普通过去时表示过去动作或状态，这种动作或状态可能只限 一次，也可能是经常性。动词 be 第一人称单数和第三人称单数过去时形式为 was，其余人称和数为 were；have 过去时形式为 had。行为动词过去式组成：,普通情况下在词末加 ed,如：,cover covered work worked,以 e 结尾动词，只加 d,如：,live lived love loved,以辅音字母加 y 结尾动词将 y 改为 i 再加 ed，如：,study studied hurry hurried,以重读闭音节结尾，而末尾只有一辅音字母(x 除外)动词，双写末尾字母再加 ed，如：,stop stopped beg begged,不规则动词见各类相关工具书。,第7页,普通过去时使用方法以下：,1.表示过去动作或状态，常与表示过去时间状语(从句)连用，比如：,The first radio broadcast was heard on December 24,1906.,1912月24日，人们第一次听到无线电广播。,She suddenly fell ill when she came here.,到这以后，她突然病倒了。,2.表示过去连续发生一系列事情，比如：,She entered the room,picked up a map and looked at it carefully.,她走进房间，拿起一张地图，仔细地看着。,第8页,3.表示过去一段时间内经常或重复发生事情，比如：,Whenever I went to his office,I would find him reading and writing.,每当我去他办公室时，总见他在读书写字。,When I was in a primary school,my teacher often praised me.,我上小课时，老师经常表彰我。,4.在条件、时间状语从句中表示过去未来动作，比如：,They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.,他们说假如听到什么关于他消息，就通知我们。,第9页,三、普通未来时(The Future Indefinite),普通未来时使用方法以下：,1.表示将要发生动作或情况，比如：,There will be a report on spaceships at 7 on Friday evening.,星期五晚上七点，将有一场关于宇宙飞船汇报。,2.“be going+不定式”表示打算、准备做事或即将发生事，比如：,Mr.Brown says he is going to buy a new car next year.,布朗先生说，他准备明年买一辆新汽车。,I think its going to rain.,我看快下雨了。,第10页,3.“be+不定式”表示按计划安排要发生事或用来征求对方意见，比如：,I am to leave at eight oclock this evening.,我应在今晚八点离开。,Am I to go on with the work?,这工作我是不是要接着干下去?,4.“be about+不定式”表示按计划或安排即将发生动作，通常不与未来时间状语连用，比如：,He is about to retire.,他就要退休了。,The class is about to end.,课就要结束了。,第11页,四、现在进行时(The Present Continuous),现在进行时由助动词 be 现在时形式 am,is,are 加动词现在分词组成。现在分词组成方法为：,普通情况在动词词末加 ing，如：,watch watching tell telling,以不发音 e 结尾动词，去 e 再加 ing，如：,live living move moving,以重读闭音节结尾，而末尾只有一个辅音字母动词，先双写这一辅音字母再加 ing，如：,plan planning get getting permit permitting,少数动词为不规则改变，如：,lie lying die dying,现在进行时有以下一些使用方法：,第12页,1.表示说话时正在发生动作，比如：,Im doing the swimming,and Ill decide when to get out.,我正在游泳，我会决定什么时候出水。,Look,the hands of the clock are pointing to half past eight.,看，时钟正指在八点半。,2.表示现阶段正在进行动作，即使说话时并不在进行，比如：,They are compiling a Chinese English dictionary.,他们在编一本汉英辞典。,But now some people are taking a fresh look at daydreaming.,但现在有些人对白日做梦持一个新看法。,第13页,3.常与always,continually,constantly等副词连用，不强调动作进行而是带有强烈感情色彩，比如：,She is always complaining about her work.,她总是不停地埋怨她工作。(表示厌烦),The prisoners are continually trying to escape.,这些囚犯们总是不停地设法逃跑。(表示焦虑),He is always thinking of what he could do for others.,他总是在考虑他能为他人做些什么。(表示赞扬),4.表示计划中将要发生动作，常与表未来时间状语连用，比如：,He is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow morning.,明天早晨他要到上海去。,Xiao Hong!(Im)coming.,小红！来了。,第14页,五、过去进行时(The Past Continuous),过去进行时是由“was/were+现在分词”组成。它有以下使用方法：,1.表示过去某一时刻正在进行动作，比如：,I was practicing the violin at eight oclock yesterday evening.,昨晚八点钟我正在练习小提琴。,When he arrived home,his sister was doing her homework.,他到家时，他妹妹正在做作业。,第15页,2.表示过去某段时间内正在进行动作，比如：,In those years we were having a hard time.,在那些岁月里我们处境很困难。,She was watching TV all evening.,她整个晚上都在看电视。,3.一些动词如 come,go,leave,start,stay 等过去进行时表示过去未来要发生动作，比如：,He went to see Miss Green.She was leaving early the next morning.,他去看格林小组，她第二天一早就走。,第16页,六、未来进行时(The Future Continuous),未来进行时由动词 be 普通未来时加现在分词组成。它使用方法为：,1.表示未来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行动作，比如：,This time tomorrow I shall be flying to Spain.,明天这个时候，我将在飞往西班牙途中。,I wont be free Friday morning.Ill be seeing a friend off.,星期五早上我没空，我要给一位朋友送行。,2.表示已经决定了一个未来计划或势必要发生动作，比如：,The Robinsons will be staying with us again this year.,鲁宾逊一家人今年将再次和我们住在一起。,If we dont do so,we shall be repeating the errors of the past.,我们假如不这么做就会重犯过去错误。,第17页,七、现在完成时(The Present Perfect),现在完成时由“have(第三人称单数has)+过去分词”组成。它主要有以下使用方法。,1.表示过去发生某一动作对现在造成影响和结果，比如：,I have lost my pen;I am unable to do my exercises.,我钢笔丢了；我没法作作业了。,The city has taken on a new look.,这座城市有了新面貌。,2.表示从过去某时到现在这段时间中发生事情，比如：,He has learned a good deal since he came here.,他到这儿以来学到了不少东西。,第18页,We have planted many trees this year.,今年我们栽了很多树。,It has been 10 years since I last saw you.,我已经十年没有见到你了。,3.用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示未来某时已经发生动作，比如：,Well start at 5 p.m.if it has stopped raining by then.,我们五点钟动身，假如那时雨停了话。,I will give my opion when I have read the book through.,我把书看完了再提意见。,第19页,八、过去完成时(The Past Perfect),过去完成时由“had+过去分词”组成。它主要用于以下情况：,1.表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了动作，比如：,I didnt go to the cinema because I had already seen the film.,我没去看电影，因为这部影片我已经看过了。,He suddenly remembered that he hadnt locked the door.,他突然想起来他没锁门。,By the end of 1962,we had met the demand for petroleum.,到1962年底，我们对石油需求已得到满足了。,第20页,2.表示一直延续到过去某一时间动作，比如：,He had been ill for two weeks when we learned about it.,当我们知道时，他已病了两个星期了。,By the end of June they had treated 30,000 patients.,到六月底为止，他们已经治疗了三万个病人。,3.在含有 when,as soon as,before,after,until,now that 等连词复合句中，假如主句谓语和从句谓语表示过去动作不一样同时发生，那么先发生动作通常需用过去完成时表示，比如：,He decided to go back to work now that he had got well.,既然身体好了，他决定回去上班。,It was not until I had read you letter that I understood the true state of affairs.,直到读了你信之后，我才明白事态真相。,He had pressed the button before we could stop him.,我们还没来得及阻止他，他已经按了电钮。,第21页,但假如两个动作紧接着发生，则惯用普通过去时，尤其是在包含有before和after复合句中。,After we said goodbye to the villagers,we left the village.,在和村民门告别后我们就离开了村子。,As soon as he arrived,he gave me a phone call.,他一到就给我打了一个电话,第22页,九、未来完成时(The Future Perfect),未来完成时由“shall/will have+过去分词”组成，主要表示未来某时业已发生事情，比如：,The taxi will have arrived by the time you finish dressing.,到你穿好衣服时候，出租车就会到了。,In another year or so,you will have forgotten all about me.,再过一年左右，你就会把我忘得一干二净。,I shall have finished this one before lunch.,午饭前我就能完成这一个。,第23页,十、现在完成进行时(The Present Perfect Continuous),现在完成进行时是由“have/has been+现在分词”组成。它表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在动作或状态；它有时也可用来表示现在以前这段时间内重复发生事情。比如：,He has been learning English for six months.,六个月来他一直在学英语。,The boys have been watching TV since seven oclock.,自七点开始，男孩子们就一直在看电视。,Weve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently.,最近我们经常见面。,第24页,十一、过去完成进行时(The Past Perfect Continuous),过去完成进行时由“had been+现在分词”组成。它表示一个动作延续到过去某一时间，比如：,He had been walking since ten oclock and he was beginning to feel extremely tired.,从十点钟起他就一直不停地走着，这时他开始以为疲惫不堪。,When I got home,I found that Tom had been writing his letters.,我回到家，发觉汤姆之前一直在写信。,第25页,十二、未来完成进行时(The Future Perfect Continuous),未来完成进行时由“will/shall have been+现在分词”组成。它表示某一动作一直连续到未来某一时刻，比如：,By next summer she will have been working in the laboratory for three years.,到明年夏天，她在试验室工作将有三年了。,On April 2nd,we shall have been living in the house exactly thirty years.,到4月2日，我们就在这幢房子里住了整整三十年了。,第26页,十三、过去未来时(The Past Future Indefinite),过去未来时由“would/should+动词原形”组成。它主要用于以下情况：,1.表示从过去某时看来将要发生事情，比如：,They were sure they would win final victory.,他们坚信会赢得最终胜利。,2.表示过去习惯性动作，比如：,Every evening he would go and talk with the workers.,天天晚上他都和工人交谈。,第27页,十四、过去未来进行时(The Past Future Continuous),过去未来进行时是由“would/should be+现在分词”组成。它表示从过去某时看未来要发生动作，比如：,He asked me what I would be doing the next morning.,他问我第二天早上干什么。,I told him not to come at three oclock because I should be having a meeting at that time.,我告诉他不要三点钟来，因为那时候我在开会。,第28页,十五、过去未来完成时(The Past Future Perfect),过去未来完成时由“would/should have+过去分词”组成。它表示从过去某时看未来某个时间前已经发生动作，比如：,She hoped that we would have got the plan ready before she came back.,她希望她回来前我们已经把计划做好。,I thought they would have told you about it.,我认为他们会已经告诉你这件事了。,第29页,十六、过去未来完成进行时(The Past Future Perfect Continuous),过去未来完成进行时由“would/should have been+现在分词”组成。它表示从过去某时看未来某时以前一直在进行动作，比如：,They told me that by the end of the year they would have been working together for thirty years.,他们告诉我，到年底时他们在一起工作就要满三十年了。,I found that next June I should have been going to this school for two years.,我发觉，到第二年六月，我就已经在这个学校学习两年了。,第30页,第31页,第32页,第33页,