定语从句讲解.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Grammar,The Attributive Clause,1,Attribute(,定语,),1.He is an honest boy.,2.We love our country.,3.Whats your telephone number?,4.She is a beautiful girl.,修饰；限定,honest,our,telephone,找出下列句中的定语。,beautiful,2,The positions of the attribute:,（定语的位置）,1.This is a,flower,basket.,2.This is a basket,full of flowers,.,3.This is a basket,that I want to put,flowers in,.,单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。,3,闪光的东西不一定是金子。,.,玩火者必自焚。,谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。,结果好，一切都好。,智者寡言。,The use of the Attributive Clause in,proverbs,：,2.He who plays with fire gets burnt,.,3.He laughs best who laughs last.,4.Alls well that ends well.,5.He is a wise man who speaks little.,1.All that glitters is not gold.,4,Key words:,定语从句：,修饰名词和代词的从句,This is the best film that I have seen.,定语从句,the best film,先行词,that,关系词,5,Attributive clause,定语从句,定语从句:,修饰某个名词或代词的从句,先行词：被定语从句修饰的词,关系代词:,that which,who,whom,whose,The man,who,lives next to us sells vegetables,.,The man sells vegetables.,He,lives next to us.,先行词,关系代词,6,关系代词的作用：,连接主句和从句（引导从句）在从句中指代先行词 在从句中充当成分,作主语或宾语,7,Who,Whom,Which,that,指人,指物,从句中充当,主语/宾语,宾语,主语/宾语,主语/宾语,关系代词何时能,省略,？,作,宾语,时可省略,8,1.He is a teacher _ I like very much.,2.Those pictures _ were drawn by Tom are nice.,whom/that/who,which/that,Fill in the blanks:who whom which that,9,Whose,用法及转换形式,1.,whose,引导定语从句，其,后,应紧,跟名词,，,构成名词短语。,Thats the child,whose,father is a teacher.,Do you know the woman,whose,husband is a doctor?,This is,a book,whose,cover is green.,2.,whose,引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可,以指,人,，还可以指,物,。,10,A.,需要注意的几个问题：,a,只能用,that,不能用,which/who,的情况,1.,先行词既有人又有物,I still remember,the people and the things,that,I talked about with my friend.,2.,先行词为不定代词（,all,few,anything,something,nothing,everything),You must do everything,that,I do.,11,4,先行词被序数词,adj,最高级,或,the only,the very the last,等所修饰,He is,the very,person,that,I am looking for.,3,先行词被,all,little,much,any,no,every,等修饰,常用,that,Any,man,that,wants to succeed must work hard,.,12,Who is the boy _ was here just now?,that,5,主句,里已有,who/which,，为避免重复，定语从句用,that,引导,6.,当先行词在定语从句中作表语时,He is no longer the boy_he was 10 years ago.,that,13,B.,关系副词引导的定语从句,关系副词在从句中分别表示,时间、地点或原因状语,关系副词,when,在从句中充当,时间状语,。,关系副词,where,在从句中充当,地点状语,。,关系副词,why,在从句中充当,原因状语,。,14,关系副词和先行词的关系,I still remember,the day,when,I came here.,This is,the house,where,I lived last year.,There are many,reasons,why,people like traveling.,on,the day=,when,in,the house=,where,for,the reasons=,why,关系副词实际上是,介词先行词,15,1.Ill never forget the days_ we,worked,together.,2.Ill never forget the days _ we,spent,together.,3.I went to the place,I,worked,ten years ago.,4.I went to the place _ I,visited,ten years ago.,5.This is the reason _ he was late.,6.,This is the reason _ he,gave,.,when/in which,which,where/in which,which,why/for which,that/which,几种易混的情况,及物动词,及物动词,及物动词,Fill in the blank:when,where,why,which,that,in which,for which,16,Revision1,the usage of the,relative pronoun,关系代词,指代,在,定语从句中所充当的,成,分,人,物,句子,主语,宾语,定语,who,whom,which,that,whose,17,the usage of the,relative adverb,关系副词,指代,所充当的句子成分,when,where,why,time,place,reason,adverbial,adverbial,adverbial,18,D.,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：,1 China is a country,which has a long history.,2 China,which was founded in 1949,is becoming more and more powerful.,限制性定语从句：,1,）形式上无逗号，,2,）意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，因而不能删除,非限制性定语从句：,1,）形式上有逗号与主句隔开,2,）是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整,3,）关系词,不用,that,且不能省,19,E.,介词,+,关系代词,1.,由先行词的习惯搭配,或根据先行词的需要,The speed,at which,light travels is 300,000km per second.,The room,in which,there is a blackboard is their classroom.,介词可能是从句谓语的一个部分,或动词所需要的搭配,Dont bring children to see the animals,of which,they are afraid.,This is the job,at which,they laughed.,20,This is the pen _ _ I wrote the letter.,Is that the girl _ _ you,lent,your bicycle?,Here is the address _ _ you should write,These are the things _ _ I spoke just now.,Is that the fish _ _ you asked the waiter?,with which,to whom,to which,about which,for which,21,2.,表示所有关系或整体的一部分,常用,of which,China has hundreds of islands,the largest of which,is Taiwan.,I have many friends,_ some are businessmen.,A.of them B.from which C.who of D.of whom,D,22,D,：,as,与,which,引导的定语从句,两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用,as,。,1.,当与,such,或,the same,连用时，一般用,as,。,e.g.,Such,books,as,you tell me are interesting.,I have,the same,plan,as,you.,2.,as,引导的从句可以放在句首,as,本身有,“,正如,.,正象,”,之意，与之连用的词有,know,see,expect,announce,point out,等。,e.g.,As,we all know,the earth is round.,23,1.The earth is round,_ is known to all.,2._ is known to all,the earth is round,which,as,As,as,具有“正如”之意，搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：,as,you know/,as,you see/,as,we planned/,as,we expected,24,结论,:as,which,均可引导非限制性定语从句,as,引导的从句可以放在句首、句中、句末，有“如,.,，正象,”,之意，与之连用的词有,know,see,expect,announce,point out,等，常用被动结构如,as is announced(,据宣布）；,as is reported,（据报道）；,as is expected(,正如所期待,/,料想的那样；不出所料）；,as has been explained,（正如所解释的那样）,;,25,关系词,1.,关系代词,2.,关系副词,1.,指人,2.,指物,3.,指某一情况,that,who,whom,whose,that,which,whose,which,as,不能放于句首,放于句中或句首,“正如”,when,where,why,(,主语,/,宾语,),(,状语,),26,1.This is all _ I know about the matter.,A.that B.what C.who D.whether,2.Is there anything,else _ you require?,A.which B.that C.who D.what,3.The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall.,A.which B.that C.where D.it,考点一,:,that,与,which,的区别,先行词为,all,little,much,everything,nothing,something,anything,等不定代词时，关系代词用,that,27,4.,He talked happily about the men and books,_ interested him greatly in the school.,A.which B.that C.it D.whom,5.There is no dictionary _ you can find everything.,A.that B.which C.where D.in that,6.Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?,A.that B./C.which D.it,7.,Which was the hotel _ was recommended to you?,A.that B.which C.where D.it,先行词为人和物的组合,先行词被,all,little,much,every,no,等修饰时,先行词被,序数词,或,最高级,修饰先行词前有序数词,(the first),形容词最高级,(the best),the last,the very,the only,等时。,若主句中有疑问代词,who,或者,which,，为了避免重复,关系代词不要再用,who,which,，而用,that,。,28,1.Jim passed the driving test,_ surprised everybody in the office.,A.which B that C this D.it,只用,which,的情况,:,1,逗号后面,2,介词后面,2.,The day _ he was born was,Aug,.20,1952.,A.on which B that C which,D.this,29,考点二,:,介词,+,关系代词,提醒,:,介词关系代词引导的定语从句,关键,是判断介词的选择,.,方法一,:,根据从句中,动词,与,先行词,习惯搭配,方法二,:,根据从句中动词与先行词的,逻辑关系,注意：,关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词,+,关系代词”引出。此时关系代词只能用,which,或,whom,;,不可用,that,或,who,代替,30,The,man is from,Beijing University,.,I talked about him at the meeting,.,The man,(who/whom/that),I talked,about,at the meeting,is from Beijing University.,.,Join them into one sentence.,=The man,about,I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.,关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用,that,，也不能省略，常用,which,或,whom,。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。,whom,31,Filling blanks:,1.The man _ you,shook hands,just now is our headmaster.,2.The room _ my family,live,used to be a garage.,with whom,in which,32,考点三,Whose,用法及转换形式,1.whose,引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，,构成名词短语。,Thats the child,whose,father is a teacher.,Do you know the woman,whose,husband is a doctor?,This is,a book,whose,cover is green.,2.,whose,引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可,以指人，还可以指物。,33,Anyone,_,breaks the law is punished.,Those,_,break the law are punished.,He,_,breaks the law is punished.,在,anyone,those,he/she/I/they,作先行词时,用”,who”,代替“,that”.,考点五,:that,与,who,的区别,who,who,who,34,考点六,:,如何判断用,关系副词,还是,关系代词,?,选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：,1.,先行词,2.,关系词在从句中充当的成分,。,做主语，宾语，定语用,做状语用,关系代词,关系副词,35,I will never forget the day _,I first went to school.,I will never forget the day _,we spent in Beijing.,The house _,we visited,is being repaired now.,The house _,Luxun once lived,is being repaired now.,when,(which/that),(which/that),where,36,考点七,:,定语从句中主谓一致问题,定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的,先行词,保持一致。,1.I am not one who _afraid of difficulty,2.Don,t choose me,who _not fit for this job,is,am,37,关系词,1.,关系代词,2.,关系副词,1.,指人,2.,指物,3.,指某一情况,that,who,whom,whose,that,which,whose,which,as,不能放于句首,放于句中或句首,“正如”,when,where,why,(,主语,/,宾语,),(,状语,),38,3.This is one of the best books _.,A.that have ever been written,B.that has ever been written,C.that has written,D.that have written,4.She is the only one of the girls _ well in class.,A.which sings B.who sing,C.who sings D.who to sing,39,1.Is this factory _ we visited last,week?,D,Is this the factory _ we visited last,Week?,A,、,where B,、,that,C,、,to which D,、,the one,B,解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。,Exercises,40,2.Let me think of a proper situation,_ this sentence can be used.,A,、,where,B,、,that,C,、,of whom,D,、,which,A,先行词是,situation,case,scene,时，一般用,where,最佳选择则是,in which,41,3.She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.,A,、,when B,、,what,C,、,which D,、,why,C,She will never forget the day_ she stayed with him in Beijing.,A,42,4,.The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak.,A,、,who B,、,whose,C,、,of whom D,、,which,B,5,.Those _ to take part in the game,write down your names.,A,、,who B,、,who want,C,、,who,wants,D,、,what,B,43,6,.I dont like English,_ I am not interested.,I dont like English,_ grammar is difficult to learn.,I like this,house,_ doorway is just enough to get.,I like this h,ouse,_ doorway is small.,A.in which B.which,C.through whose D.whose,A,D,C,D,44,7,.His walking stick,_ he cant,walk,was lost yesterday.,A,、,that,B,、,with which,C,、,which,D,、,without which,D,45,8,._is mentioned above,the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.,A.Which B.As,C.What D.That,B,46,