高三英语第一轮复习课件之定语从句 新课标 人教版 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,定语从句,The attributive clause,（一）定义及相关术语,1.,定语从句：,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。,2.,先行词：,被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。,3.,关系词：,引导定语从句的词叫关系词。,关系词有关系代词和关系副词,关系代词有,:,that,which,who,whom,whose,as,等,关系副词有,:,when,where,why,关系词通常有下列三个作用：,A.,引导定语从句,；,B.,代替先行词,；,C.,在定语从句中担当一个成分。,The man,who,is shaking hands,with my father is a policeman.,（二）关系代词引导的定语从句,1.,who,指人，在定语从句中作主语。,The boys,who,are playing football,are from Class One.,Those,who,want to go to the museum,must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.,Yesterday I helped an old man,who,had lost his way,.,That is the teacher,who,teaches us physics.,2.,whom,指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。,Mr,Liu is the person,(whom),you talked about on the,bus,.,Li Ming is just the boy,(whom),I want to see.,The professor,(whom),you are waiting for,has come.,The girl,(whom),the teacher often praises,is our monitor.,注意：,关系代词,whom,在口语或非正式文体中常可用,who,来代替，也可省略。,The man,(whom/who),you met just now,is my old,friend.,3.,which,指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。,Football is a game,which,is liked by most boys,.,The factory,which,makes computers,is far away from here.,He likes to read books,which,are written by foreign writers,.,The house,which,is by the lake,looks nice.,This is the pen,(which),he bought yesterday,.,The film,(which),they went to see last night,was not interesting at all.,4,that,指人时，相当于,who,或,whom,；,指物时，相当于,which,。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略,。,The number of people,that/who,come to visit this city each,year,reaches one million.,Where is the man,that/whom,I saw this morning,?,The person,that/whom,you introduced to me,is very kind.,The season,that/which,comes after spring,is summer.,Yesterday I received a letter,that/which,came from,Australia,.,5.,whose,通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。,I visited a scientist,whose,name is known all over the,country,.,He has a friend,whose,father is a doctor,.,I once lived in the house,whose,roof has fallen in,.,注意,：,指物时，常用下列结构来代替：,The classroom,whose,door is broken,will soon be repaired.,The classroom the door,of which,is broken,will soon be repaired.,Do you like the book,whose,cover is yellow,?,Do you like the book the cover,of which,is yellow,?,（三）“,介词,+,关系代词,”引导的定语从句,关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由,“,介词,+,关系代词,”,引出。,The school,(which/that),he once studied in,is very famous.,The school,in which,he once studied,is very famous.,Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine,(which/that),you asked for,.,Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine,for which,you asked,.,This is the boy(whom/who/that),I played tennis with,yesterday,.,This is the boy,with whom,I played tennis yesterday,.,Well go to hear the famous singer,(whom/who/that),we have often talked about,.,Well go to hear the famous singer,about whom,we have often talked,.,The manager,whose,company I work in,pays much attention to,improving our working conditions.,The manager,in whose,company I work,pays much attention to,improving our working conditions.,注意,：,1.,含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。,如：,look for,look after,take care of,等。,This is the watch,(which/that),I am looking for,.,This is the watch,for,which,I am looking.,The babies,after,whom,the nurse is looking are very healthy.,The babies,(whom/who/that),the nurse is looking,after,are,very healthy.,.,若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用,whom,，,不可用,who,that,；,关系代词指物时只可用,which,，,不可用,that,。,关系代词是所有格时用,whose,。,The man with whom you talked just now is my,neighbour,.,The man with that/who you talked just now is my,neighbour,.,The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.,The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.,.“,介词,+,关系代词”,前还可有,some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few,等代词或者数词,。,He loves his parents deeply,both of whom,are very kind to,him,.,In the basket there are quite many apples,some of which,have gone bad,.,There are forty students in our class in all,most of whom,are,from big cities,.,Up to now,he has written ten stories,three of which,are,about country life,.,（四）关系副词引导的定语从句,1.when,指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。,I still remember the day,when,I first came to this school,.,The time,when,we got together finally arrived,.,October 1,1949 was the day,when,the Peoples Republic of China was founded,.,Do you remember the years,when,he lived in the countryside with his grandparents,.,2.,where,指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。,Shanghai is the city,where,I was born,.,I visited the farm,where,a lot of cows were raised,.,The house,where,I lived ten years ago,has been pulled down.,Is this the place,where,they fought the enemy,?,3.,why,指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。,Please tell me,the reason,why,you missed the plane,.,The reason,why,he was punished,is unknown to us.,I dont know,the reason,why,he looks unhappy today,.,注意：,关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用,“,介词,+,关系代词,”,引导的定语从句来表示。,From the years,when/in which,he was going to primary school in the country,he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up.,（五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,A.,限制性定语从句,形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。,B.,非限制性定语从句,只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。,译法上译成先行词的定语“,的,”通常译成主句的并列句。,关系词的使用上,A,作宾语时可省略,B,不可省略,A,可用,that,B,不用,that,A,可用,who,代替,whom,B,不可用,who,代替,whom,Great changes are taking place in the city,where/in which,they live,.,The reason,why/for which,he refused the invitation,is,quite clear.,The teacher told me that Tom was the only person,that,I could,depend on,.,China is a country,which,has a long history,.,In the street I saw a man,who,was from Africa,.,限制性定语从句举例：,非限制性定语从句举例：,His mother,who,loves him very much,is strict with him.,China,which,was founded in 1949,is becoming more and more powerful.,Last summer I visited the Peoples Great Hall,in which,many important meetings are held every year,.,注意区分下列几组句子的不同含义：,1.Her brother,who,is now a soldier,always encourages her to,go to college.,她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学,.,（意含：她还有其他哥哥。）,Her brother,who,is now a soldier,always encourages her,to go to college.,她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。（意含：她只有一个哥哥。）,2.All the books,that,have pictures in them,are well written.,所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。（意含：不带插图的书则不一定写得好。）,All the books,which,have pictures in them,are well written.,所有的书都带插图，这些书都写得很好。（意含：没有不带插图的书。）,（一）限制性定语从句中只能用,that,引导定语从句的情况,1.,当先行词是,everything,anything,nothing(something,除,外,),all,none,few,little,some,等代词时，或当先行词受,every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much,等代词修饰时。,Have you taken down,everything,that,Mr.Li said,?,There seems to be,nothing,that,is impossible to him in the,world,.,All,that,can be done,has been done.,There is,little,that,I can do for you,.,He stayed in the library and looked up,any information,that,they needed,.,Any man that/who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.,注意,：,当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词,who,，,All the guests,that/who,were invited to her wedding,were,important people.,Any man,that/who,has a sense of duty,wont do such a thing.,2.,当先行词被序数词修饰时。,The first place,that,they visited in London,was the Big Ben.,3.,当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。,This is,the best,film,that,I have ever seen,.,4,当先行词被,the very,the only,修饰时,。,This is,the very dictionary,that,I want to buy,.,After the fire in his house,the old car is,the only thing,that,he owns,.,注意,：,当先行词指人时，通常用关系代词,who,。,Wang,Hua,is,the only person,in our school,who,will attend the,meeting,.,5.,当先行词前面有,who,which,等疑问代词时,。,Who is the man,that,is standing by the gate,?,Which is the T-shirt,that,fits me most,?,6.,当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。,They talked about,the persons and things,that,they,remembered at school,Look at,the man and his donkey,that,are walking up the,street,.,（二）关系代词,as,和,which,引导的定语从句,as,和,which,引导非限制性定语从句时，其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是,1.,as,和,which,都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。,He married her,as/which,was natural,.,He is honest,as/which,we can see,.,2.,as,引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。,which,引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，,as,常常有“正如、正像”的含义。,As,is known to all,China is a developing country.,He is from the south,as,we can know from his accent,.,John,as,you know,is a famous writer.,Zhang,Hua,has been to Paris more than ten times,which,I dont believe,.,注意：,当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用,which,。如：,Tom was late for school again and again,which,made his,teacher very angry,.,These tables are made of metal,which,made them very heavy,.,3.,当先行词受,such,the same,修饰时，关系词常用,as,。,Ive never heard,such,stories,as,he tells,.,He is not,such,a fool,as,he looks,.,This is,the same,dictionary as I lost last week.,注意,：,当先行词受,the same,修饰时，偶尔也用,that,引导定语从句，但与,as,引导的定语从句意思有区别。,She wore,the same,dress,that,she wore at Marys wedding,.,She wore,the same,dress,as,her younger sister wore,.,(,三,),以,the way,为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由,in which,或,that,引导，而且通常可以省略。,The way,(that/in which),he answered the questions,was,surprising.,I dont like,the way,(that/in which),you laugh at her,.,（四）关系代词与关系副词的选择,用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）,.,A.,I know a place,where,we can have a picnic,.,I know a place,which/that,is famous for its beautiful natural scenery,.,Compare:,B.,I will never forget the days,when,we spent our holidays together,.,I will never forget the days,that/which,we spent,together,.,C.,This is the reason,why,he was dismissed,.,This is the reason,that/which,he explained to me for,his not attending the meeting,.,（五）,but,有时也用作关系词引导定语从句。,There are very few,but,admire his talents,.,（,but=who dont,）,（六）定语从句与同位语从句的区别,1,定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。,The plane,that,has just taken off is for Paris,.,The fact,that,he has already died,is quite clear.,2,定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。,同位语从句主要由连词,that,引导，在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由,where,when,how,who,whether,what,等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。,The news,that,he told me,is true.,The news,that,he has just died,is true.,The problem,that,we are facing now,is how we can collect so much money.,The problem,how,we can collect so much money,is difficult to solve.,The question,that,he raised,puzzled all of us.,The question,whether,he is sure to win the game,is hard,to answer.,3,同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词,be,发展成一个完整的句子,而定语从句则不能。,A.The idea,that,he we could ask the teacher for advice,is wonderful.,The idea,was,that,we could ask the teacher for advice,.,B.The fact,that,the earth moves around the sun,is known to all.,The fact is,that,the earth moves around the sun,.,C.Pay attention to the problem,how,we can protect the wild animals,.,The problem is,how,we can protect the wild animals,.,1.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,of course,_ made the others unhappy.,A.which B.who C.this,D.what,2.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.,A.which B.when C.that D.where,3.The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.,A.who B.about whom C.whom D.with whom,4.Please take any seat _ is free.,A.which B.where C.in which D.that,5.The old man has two sons,_ is a soldier.,A.one of whom B.both of them C.all of whom D.none of them,6.This is the ship _ we crossed the Pacific(,太平洋,).,A.by which B.by that C.where D.in which,7.New York is famous for its sky-scrapers(,摩天大楼,)_ has more than 100,storeys,.,A.the higher of them B.the highest of which,C.the highest of them D.some of which,8.My home village is no longer the same _ it used to be.,A.which B.as C.where D.when,9.In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m.,_ many people have gone home.,A.whose time B.that C.at which D.by which time,10.The boy _ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group.,A.who B.whose C.that,D.which,11.The weather turned out to be very good,_ was more than we could expect.,A.what B.which C.that D.it,12.Mr.Wang is a boss,_ factory Li Ping worked.,A.in whose B.whose C.in whom D.of which,13.I dont like the way_ you speak to her.,A./B.that C.in which D.All A,B,and C,14.I shall never forget the years _ I lived in the country with the farmers,has a good effect on my life.,A.that,which B.when,which C.which,that D.when,who,15._ is known to all,China will be an advanced and powerful country in 20 or 30 years time.,A.What B.That C.As D.It,16.Is this book _ you want to borrow from the library?,A.that B.which C.the one D./,17.Such a book _ you showed me is difficult to understand.,A.that B.which C.as D.like,18.The speaker spoke of some writers and some books _ were popular then.,A./B.that C.which D.who,19.This is the store _ we visited the famous shop assistants.,A.where B.there C.that D.which,20.Im going to spend my holiday in Beijing,_ live my old parents.,A.which B.that C.where D.there,21.If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men,women will spend more time in the shop.,A.that B.which C.when D.where,22.why does she always ask you for help?,there is no one else _,is there?,A.who to turn to B.she can turn to,C.for whom to turn D.for her to turn,23.The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.,A.which;where B.at which;which,C.at which;where D.which;in which,