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,选修,8,课前自主排查,-,*,-,课文要点回顾,名师高效课堂,课堂限时检测,Unit 3,Inventors and inventions,Unit 3,Inventors and inventions,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.,distinguish,vt,.&,vi,.,显示,的差别,;,使,有所不同,;,辨别,distinguished,adj,.,卓著的,著名的,;,高贵的,2.,merciful,adj,.,宽大的,;,仁慈的,慈悲的,mercy,n,.,仁慈,;,宽恕,3.,stainless,adj,.,无污点的,;,无锈的,;,无瑕疵的,stain,n,.,污点,4.,abrupt,adj,.,突然的,;,意外的,abruptly,adv,.,突然地,;,唐突地,5.,convenient,adj,.,便利的,方便的,;,就近的,convenience,n,.,便利,方便,;,有益,conveniently,adv,.,便利地,方便地,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,6.,caution,n,.,小心,;,谨慎,cautious,adj,.,小心的,;,谨慎的,cautiously,adv,.,小心地,;,谨慎地,7.,expectation,n,.,预料,;,期待,期望,expect,vt,.,预料,;,期望,8.,passive,adj,.,被动的,;,消极的,;,被动语态的,active,(,反义词,),adj,.,主动的,;,积极的,;,主动语态的,9.,merry,adj,.,愉快的,高兴的,merrily,adv,.,高兴地,愉快地,10.,seize,vt,.,抓住,捉住,;,夺,11.,criterion,n,.(,评判的,),标准,;,尺度,criteria,(,pl,.),重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,12.,file,n,.,文件,;,档案,;,文件夹,vt,.,提交,;,将,归档,13.,identification,n,.,鉴定,;,辨认,;,身份证明,identify,vt,.,确认,;,识别,;,鉴别,vi,.,认同,;,一致,identity,n,.,身份,;,一致,;,特征,14.,innocent,adj,.,清白的,;,无罪的,;,天真的,innocence,n,.,无罪,;,天真,;,清白,15.,bear,vt,.,忍受,忍耐,;,负担,;,生育,bore,(,过去式,),born(e,),(,过去分词,),bearable,adj,.,可忍受的,可容忍的,unbearable,adj,.,难以忍受的,不能忍受的,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,16.,tap,vt,.&,vi,.,轻打,;,轻拍,;,轻敲,n,.,轻轻地敲击,(,声,);(,水,),龙头,17.,current,n,.(,水或气,),流,;,电流,adj,.,现在的,当前的,18.,stable,adj,.,稳固的,稳定的,;,安定的,stably,adv,.,稳定地,;,坚固地,坚定地,19.,associate,vt,.,联想,;,联系,vi.,交往,n,.,同伴,伙伴,association,n,.,联想,;,联合,;,协会,20.,practical,adj,.,实际的,;,实践的,;,实用的,practically,adv,.,实际上,事实上,practice,n,.,实践,练习,;,惯例,vt,.&,vi,.,练习,;,实行,21.,competence,n,.,能力,;,胜任,;,本领,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.,call up,给,打电话,2.,now and then,偶尔,有时,3.,set about,开始,着手,4.,dive into,潜入,;,扑去,;,迅速把手伸入,;,一心投入,5.,set out(to do),开始,(,做,),6.,hang on,不挂断,;,稍等,;,紧紧握住,7.,out of order,次序颠倒,;,发生故障,8.,get through,设法联系上,(,尤指打通电话,);(,设法,),做完,;,通过,9.,ring back,回复电话,10.,ring off,挂断电话,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.,我做的第一件事就是看是否有能帮助我的产品,但似乎只有一种专门用来杀死蛇的药粉。,The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help,me,but,there only seemed to be,powders designed to kill snakes.,2.,第二天早上,天还不是很热,我就早早地起床了。,The next morning I got up early,before the sun was hot,.,3.,只有你得到这种承认,你才可以说是一个真正的发明家。,Only after you have had that recognition,can you say,that you are truly an inventor.,4.(,评定,),专利标准是很严格的,除非新的想法真是新颖的,否则很难被接受。,The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted,unless they are truly novel,.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,5.,跟踪下去,不断探索,不知不觉中,你就会发现某种值得思考的东西盘踞在你的头脑中。,Follow it,up,explore,all around,it,and,before you know,it,you,will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.,6.,这项专利是,1876,年发布的,但是贝尔是在五天以后才跟他的助手华生通了第一次电话。,The patent was given in 1876,but,it was not until five days later,that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson.,When the writer called up her mother in the countryside 1.,on,the,phone,she,learned that snakes came near their house and that they seemed to 2.,have,made,(make,)their home near their,house.The,writer considered 3.,it,a chance for her to distinguish herself by 4.,inventing,(invent)something that would catch snakes but not harm them.,She set about 5.,researching,(research)the habits of,snakes.She,decided to cool them so that they could be 6.,easily,(easy),caught.However,her,first two plans were not,successful.As,a,result,she,had to attempt 7.,a,third time,8.,which,helped her fulfill her aim,successfully.She,was so 9.,delighted,(delight)that she determined to send her invention to the patent office to get 10.,recognition,(recognize)for her successful idea.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,distinguish,vt,.&,vi,.,显示,的差别,;,使,有所不同,;,辨别,Here,was,a,chance,for,me,to,distinguish,myself,by,inventing,something,merciful,that,would,catch,snakes,but,not,harm,them.,这回我有机会来表现一下自己了,我要发明一种仁慈的东西,既可以把蛇抓到而又不会伤害它们。,(,教材原句,P20),常见用法,distinguish.from.,把,与,区别开,distinguish,between.and.,区分,/,辨别,和,distinguish,oneself,使自己与众不同,;,使自己出名,Speeches,distinguish,human beings,from,animals.,人类和其他动物的区别在于人类会说话。,They do not know how to,distinguish between,these two kinds of contradictions.,他们不知道如何区分这两种矛盾。,He,distinguished himself,by his courage.,他因勇敢而扬名。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,拓展延伸,1.distinguished,adj,.,著名的,卓著的,be,distinguished,for.,因,而出名,be,distinguished,as,被称为,;,作为,而出名,2.distinguishable,adj,.,易分辨的,能区分的,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用,完成句子,1.,分清楚语法规则和书面语言规则是很重要的。,It is important to,distinguish between,the rules of grammar,and,the conventions of written language.,2.,这对孪生子十分相像,让人无法分辨。,The twins were so much alike that it was impossible to,distinguish,one,from,the other.,3.,他因跳远而出名。,He,is distinguished for,long jump.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,convenient,adj,.,便利的,方便的,;,就近的,They,abruptly,disappeared,into,a,convenient,hole,in,the,wall.,它们突然一下子就消失在附近的墙洞里了。,(,教材原句,P20),常见用法,be,convenient,to,sb.,对某人方便,It,is,convenient,for,sb.to,do,sth,.,某人方便做某事,if,it,is,convenient,to,you,如果你方便的话,It is not convenient for me to,ring him up.,我现在不方便给他打电话。,Come and see me whenever,it is convenient to you,.,只要你方便,随时过来看我。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,拓展延伸,convenience,n,.,方便,便利,;,适宜,;,省事,at,one,s,convenience,在某人方便的时候,for,convenience,为了方便,Come by to pick me up at your convenience.,你方便的时候,请来接我。,现学活用,完成句子,1.,我不知道你来这里是否方便。,I don,t know if,it is convenient for you,to come here.,2.,如果你方便的话,请两点钟给我打电话。,If it is convenient to,you,call,me at two,o,clock,please,.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,seize,vt,.,夺取,;,抓住,(,机会等,);,捉住,Pressed,by,my,friends,and,relations,I,decided,to,seize,the,opportunity.,由于朋友和亲戚的敦促,我决定抓住这次机会,(,教材原句,P21),常见用法,seize,hold,of,抓住,seize,sth.from,sb.,从某人那里夺取某物,seize,sb.by,the.,抓住某人的,(,身体某部位,),seize,on/upon,sth,.,抓住,(,可利用的事物,),利用,The policeman,seized him by,the arm.,警察抓住了他的胳膊。,The company was quick to,seize on,the possibilities offered by new technology.,该公司迅速抓住了新技术带来的机遇。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用,完成句子,1.,他们突袭攻占了机场。,They,seized the airport,in a surprise attack.,2.,我们应该抓住机遇,尽最大的努力解决这个问题。,We should,seize the opportunity/chance,and try our best to solve the problem.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,bear,vt,.,忍受,忍耐,;,负担,;,生育,I,cannot,bear,the,smell,of,burnt,sausage,on,the,barbecue.,我忍受不了烤架上烤香肠的味道。,(,教材原句,P24),常见用法,bear,sb.to,do,sth,.,容忍某人做某事,can,t,bear,doing/to,do,sth,.,无法忍受做某事,bear,(,sth,.),in,mind,记住,;,考虑到,bear,the,responsibility/blame,承担责任,/,受责备,She,could not bear seeing,the children hungry.,她不忍看到孩子们挨饿。,You,shouldn,t have to bear the blame,for other people,s mistakes.,你不必代人受过。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,词义辨析,1.bear,表示,“,对强加的任何东西的忍受,”,侧重于表示,“,忍受沉重或难办的事,”,。,He could not bear his company to be attacked like that.,他不忍看到同伴受到那样的攻击。,2.stand,常与,bear,通用,但,stand,包含着,“,不退让,”“,不畏缩,”,的,“,忍受,”,之意。,He can stand more pain than anyone else I know.,他比我认识的任何人都更能忍受痛苦。,3.tolerate,和,stand,都表示,“,忍受令人生厌的事,”,。,tolerate,的内涵是,“,为了和平或融洽而不反对,”,。,Considering his home,situation,he,had to tolerate his wife.,考虑到家中的情形,他不得不忍让妻子。,4.put up with,是普通用语,指容忍某些不愉快的或有轻微伤害的事情。,Noise is coming to the point where we can,t put up with it.,噪音快到我们无法忍受的地步了。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用,单句填空,1.,Bearing,(bear)in mind that he,s only,ten,I,think he did very well.,2.You must bear,it,in mind that your parents hope to depend on you to become a good doctor.,3.It was said that she,bore,(bear,)him three sons.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,associate,vt,.,联想,;,联系,;,联合,vi,.,交往,n,.,同伴,伙伴,Although,he,is,most,often,associated,with,the,invention,of,the,telephone,he,was,indeed,a,continuing,searcher,after,practical,solutions,to,improve,the,quality,of,everybody,s,life.,虽然人们常把他与电话的发明联系在一起,但是他的确是一位永不停息的探索家,不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的途径。,(,教材原句,P26),常见用法,associate,with,sb.,与某人交往,与某人打交道,associate.with.,把,和,联系在一起,be,associated,with.,和,有关,与,相联系,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,You must bear it in mind that you,should never associate with,bad companions.,你必须要牢记千万别和坏人交往。,In the children,s minds summer,is associated with,picnics.,在孩子的心中,夏天是和野餐联系在一起的。,拓展延伸,association,n,.,联合,;,联想,;,交往,;,协会,;,团体,in,association,with.,与,合作,;,在,的帮助下,现学活用,用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空,1.The cancer risks,associated,(associate,)with smoking have been well documented.,2.We are working in,association,(associate,)with a local company to raise money for the homeless.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,call,up,给,打电话,;,使回忆起,When,I,called,up,my,mother,in,the,countryside,on,the,telephone,she,was,very,upset.,我给住在乡下的母亲打电话的时候,她感到很心烦。,(,教材原句,P20),Your letter,calls up,the days when we worked together fifteen years ago.,你的来信使我回忆起十五年前我们一起工作的日子。,拓展延伸,1.call,off,取消,撤销,call,out,大声说出,call,at,(some,place),拜访,(,某地,),call,on,(sb.),拜访,(,某人,),call,on,sb.to,do,sth,.,要求,/,号召,/,呼吁某人做某事,call,for,需求,需要,;,来取,(,某物,);,去接,(,某人,),call,in,请来,找来,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,2.,与打电话有关的短语,:,ring/call,back,回复电话,ring,off,挂断电话,give,sb.a,ring/call,给某人打电话,sb.be,wanted,on,the,phone,有某人的电话,answer,the,phone,接电话,hang/hold,on,不挂断电话,hold,the,line,稍等,get,through,设法联系上,(,尤指打通电话,),Why don,t you call on my sister when you,re in Brighton?,你到了布莱顿何不顺便探望一下我姐姐呢,?,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用,用,call,构成的短语的适当形式填空,1.The smell of the sea,called up,memories of her childhood.,2.Rescuers had to,call off,the search because of worsening weather condition.,3.It,s the sort of work that,calls for,a high level of concentration.,4.The Ministry of Education,calls on,students to exercise for an hour every day.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,set,about,开始,着手,I,set,about,researching,the,habits,of,snakes,to,find,the,easiest,way,to,trap,them.,我着手研究蛇的习性,以便能找到最容易的方法捉住它们。,(,教材原句,P20),拓展延伸,set,off,出发,;,引发,;,引爆,set,out,出发,动身,;,开始,;,打算,set,aside,留出,;,拨出,;,不予考虑,;,把,放在一边,set,down,记下,写下,set,up,建立,;,创业,I hope I will set up my own business someday.,我希望有一天我能自己创业。,She is going to set out/off for France at five o,clock in the morning.,她准备早上五点钟出发去法国。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用,单句填空,1.She sets out,to,break,(break,)the world record.,2.We set about,cleaning,(clean,)up the mess.,3.After,breakfast,my,classmates and I set out,for,Hong Xing Farm and received a warm welcome.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,get,through,设法联系上,(,尤指打通电话,);(,设法,),做完,;,通过,I,can,t,get,through.,我打不通电话。,(,教材原句,P26),It took us only a few minutes to,get through,the Customs.,我们通过海关检查只花了几分钟时间。,拓展延伸,1.get,into,进入,;,陷入,;,染上,(,习惯,),get,off,下车,;,脱下,(,衣服等,);(,使,),动身,;(,飞机,),起飞,get,along,with.,与,相处,get,over,越过,(,墙等,);,克服,;,从,(,病、损失等,),中恢复过来,get,down,to,doing,开始认真做,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,2.go,through,通过,;,检查,;,经历,pass,through,从,中穿过,;,走过,look,through,浏览,;,仔细查看,see,through,看穿,识破,break,through,突破,The actress had to learn to get over her fear of the public.,这位女演员必须学会不怯场。,She spent the whole night looking through the students,homework.,她花了一晚上查看学生的作业。,现学活用,单句改错,1.It,s time I got down to think about that,essay.,(think,改为,thinking),2.He has great difficulty to getting along well with his,classmates.,(to,改为,in,或删除,to),重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,before,引导的时间状语从句,The,next,morning,I,got,up,early,before,the,sun,was,hot.,第二天早上,天还不是很热,我就早早地起床了。,(,教材原句,P20),在,before,引导的时间状语从句中,因为,before,从句本身已含有否定的意思,所以谓语动词必须用肯定式。,另外,根据,before,在句中的实际情况,从句译法有多种,具体可译为,:,还没来得及,就,(,常与情态动词,can,could,连用,);,(,之后,),才,;,不久,(,就,),。,He rushed out of the room before I could say a word.,我还没来得及说一句话他就冲出了房间。,It was midnight before he returned.,他半夜之后才回来。,It was not long before Martin got to his feet.,马丁不久就站了起来。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用,用,before,引导的时间状语从句完成句子,1.,我很抱歉你已经等了这么长时间,但是还要再过一段时间玛丽才能回来。,I,m sorry you,ve been waiting so,long,but,it,ll still be some time,before Mary gets back,.,2.,趁我还没忘,我得把它写下来。,Before I forget,it,I,must write it down.,3.,你最好离开,不然我就要发火了。,You,d better go away,before I lose my temper,.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,“,祈使句,+and/or.+,陈述句,”,句型,Follow,it,up,explore,all,around,it,and,before,you,know,it,you,will,have,something,worth,thinking,about,to,occupy,your,mind.,跟踪下去,不断探索,不知不觉中,你就会发现某种值得思考的东西盘踞在你的头脑中。,(,教材原句,P25),在,“,祈使句,+and/or.+,陈述句,”,结构中,前后为顺承关系时,用,and,或,then;,前后是转折关系时,用,or,otherwise,或,or else,。这种句型可以改为,if,引导的条件状语从句。,Lend her a,hand,and,she will be grateful to you.=If you lend her a,hand,she,will be grateful.,帮她一把,她会感激的。,Send an email to your,parents,or,they will get annoyed.=If you don,t send an email to your,parents,they,will get annoyed.,给你的父母发个电子邮件,不然他们会生气的。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用,用,and,或,or,填空,1.Lose one hour in the,morning,and,you will be looking for it the rest of the day.,2.Read this,story,and,you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.,3.Don,t turn off the computer before closing all,programs,or,you could have problems.,一、单句填空,1.(2015,广东高考改编,)Daniel,Anderson,a,famous,psychologist,believes,it,s important to distinguish television,s influences on children,those of the family.,1.,from,。句意,:,著名的心理学家丹尼尔,安德森认为把电视对孩子的影响和家庭对孩子的影响区分开是非常重要的。,distinguish.from.“,把,和,区分开,”,。,2.(2015,陕西高考改编,)They are indifferent to the,(convenient)caused to others.,2.,inconvenience,。句意,:,他们对给别人造成的不便很冷漠。根据句意可知,空处应该表示造成的不便,故用,inconvenience,。,3.(2015,浙江高考改编,)Find,something,dive,it,take,the good,parts,skip,the bad,parts,get,what you can out of,it,go,on to something else.,3.,into,。句意,:,找到一些书,一心投入进去,吸取精华部分,摒弃其糟粕,然后,从中获得你能得到的东西,继续去看其他书。固定搭配,dive into,意为,“,投入,”,。,4.(2015,湖北高考改编,)One of the families moving in was the,Brenninkmeijers,currently,the,(wealthy)family of the Netherlands.,4.,wealthiest,。句意,:,其中搬过来的有布伦宁克迈耶一家,他们是当时荷兰最富裕的家庭。,of the Netherlands,为限定范围,所以此处应用形容词的最高级。,5.(2015,湖南高考改编,)This of course created a new,problem:dirt,(practical)buried the first floors of every building in Chicago.,5.,practically,。句意,:,这当然引发了新的问题,:,灰尘实际上覆盖了芝加哥每栋大楼的第一层楼。此处应用副词,practically“,实际上,”,修饰动词,buried,。,6.(2015,北京高考改编,)But it is useful to bear in mind,all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings.,6.,that,。句意,:,但是记住这一点是很有用的,:,所有的变化来自于科技的进步,而非父母想将子女保护在自己的羽翼下的愿望。,bear,sth.in,mind“,把,记在心里,”,。此处所填词引导的宾语从句作,bear,的宾语,从句不缺少句子成分,故用,that,来连接。,7.(2015,上海高考改编,),Instead,they,emphasize the story of the youth who,(seize)opportunity and becomes a masterful leader.,7.,seizes,。句意,:,相反,他们着重讲年轻人的故事。这些年轻人能够抓住机会成为出色的领导。在定语从句中,seize,与,becomes,为并列关系,应用第三人称单数形式。,8.(2015,湖北高考改编,)He gave himself a new name to hide his,(identify)when he went to carry out the secret task.,8.,identity,。句意,:,在执行一项秘密任务时,他给自己起了一个新名字来掩盖身份。,identity“,身份,”,。,9.(2014,江苏高考改编,)The book has helped me greatly in my daily,communication,especially,at work where a good,(impress)is a must.,9.,impression,。所填词被,good,修饰,应填名词,impression,。此处指,“,一个好的印象,”,。,10.Mr,Green,for,life had been very,hard,donated,his possessions to earthquake-hit families.,10.,whom,。先行词,Mr,Green,在从句中作介词,for,的宾语,故用关系代词,whom,引导。句意,:,尽管格林先生生活艰难,但他还是把自己的财产捐给了在地震中受灾的家庭。,二、单元话题微写作,发明与专利,根据提示,将以下句子连成一篇英语短文。,1.,我父母打来电话说他们不能忍受房子周围的噪音。,(call,up;bear,),2.,为了表现一下自己,我抓住这次机会发明了一种消声器,(silencer),。,(distinguish,oneself;seize,),3.,在朋友们的催促下,我打电话联系了专利局,声称我的发明十分牢固,而且使用方便,从不发生故障。,(get,through;claim;stable;convenient;out,of order),4.,结果我的产品符合他们的标准,获得了专利。,(satisfy one,s,criteria;patent,),5.,我很高兴自己没有辜负父母的期望。,(live up to one,s expectations),My parents,called,me,up,and told me that they couldn,t,bear,the noise around our,house.To,distinguish,myself,I,seized,the chance and invented a new type of,silencer.Pressed,by my,friends,I,got,through,to the patent,office,claiming,it was,stable,and,convenient,to,use,and,never,out,of,order,.As,a,result,my,product,satisfied,their,criteria,and I got a,patent,.I,was very happy that I,lived,up,to,my,parents,expectations,.,
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