4英语专业四级词汇语法辅导--主谓一致、倒装.pptx

,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,主谓一致,1/70,以,-s,结尾名词作主语主谓一致问题,有些疾病名称带有,-s,词尾，通常作单数用,The measles,mi:zl,麻疹,（,or mumps,流行性腮腺炎,，,rickets,佝偻病,，,smallpox,天花,）,is a disease very common in this village,表示游戏名称名词通常作单数用,Billiards,bld,台球,（,or Bowls,，,Draughts,跳棋）,is my favorite game,但：,Cards are not interesting to me,2/70,以,-s,结尾名词作主语主谓一致问题,有些学科名称，虽以,-s,结尾，却都作单数；但若这类名词表示学科以外其它意义，便能够做复数用。,My mathematics are poor,The economics of this country are stable,Such politics are foolish,Such tactics are ridiculous,3/70,以,-s,结尾名词作主语主谓一致问题,一些以,-s,结尾地理名称，假如是国名，尽管带有复数词尾，但系一政治实体，做单数用；,但如不是国名，而是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称，通常作复数用。,4/70,集体名词作主语主谓一致问题,有些有生命集体名词，如,cattle,police,，,people,，,youth,mankind,folk,等做主语时，谓动惯用复数。,无生命词，如,foliage,fuliid,(,叶子），,machinery(,机械），,merchandise(,商品、货物）等做主语时，谓动用单数。,还有一些集体名词如：,audience,class,crew,committee,family,team,group,army,police,等做主语时，如指一整体，谓动用单数；如指全体中每一个组员，谓动则用复数。,假如主语是由“,a committee of”,等,+,复数名词，随即动词惯用单数。,5/70,以并列结构作主语主谓一致问题,1.,由,and/bothand,连接并列结构作主语时，谓动普通用复数。,假如意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一概念时，谓动要用单数。,6/70,The singer and writer,is,famous to everyone.,A pen and book,is,what I need.,A needle(,针）,and thread(,线）,was,found on the floor.,7/70,Other Examples,War and peace,战争与和平,ham and eggs,火腿蛋,egg and rice,蛋炒饭,law and order,治安,bread and butter,奶油面包,folk and knife,wheel and axle,轮轴,needle and thread,一套针线,love and hate loveandaffection,感情,acupandsaucer,一套碟子茶杯,aimandend,目标,truthandhonesty,真诚,capacityandefficiency,效能,ignoranceandnegligence,玩忽无知,trialanderror,试验探索,timeandtide,岁月,ironandsteel,钢铁,thewearandtear,磨损；消耗,8/70,2.,当,eachand each,everyand every,noand no,many aand many a.,等结构做主语，谓语动词用单数形式。,以并列结构作主语主谓一致问题,9/70,No man and no animal is to be found on the moon.,在月球上没有发觉人和动物。,Many a doctor and many a nurse is busy with their work.,许多医生和护士都在忙于他们工作。,以并列结构作主语主谓一致问题,10/70,3.,由,not onlybut also,eitheror,neithernor,or,等连接并列主语，谓动通常依据,就近标准,。,以并列结构作主语主谓一致问题,11/70,4.,当主语后面跟有由,as much as,rather than,more than,no less than,等引导隶属结构时，随即动词形式依据,主语,本身单、复数形式而定。,以并列结构作主语主谓一致问题,12/70,5.,当主语由,as well as,along with,together with,rather than,no less than,but,except,in addition to,like,including,besides,等词连接时，其谓动单复数形式通常由,这些词语前名词,来决定。,以并列结构作主语主谓一致问题,13/70,以并列结构作主语主谓一致问题,An iron and steel works,with some satellite factories,is,to be built here.,The professor,together with many of his students,is,entering the meeting hall.,14/70,6.,一个单数名词同时被两个不一样形容词修饰，表示两个不一样概念时，谓动应用复数。,Ancient(,古代）,and modern history,are,the subjects we are studying.,但假如表示是同一概念时，谓动应用单数,The last and most difficult lesson,is,lesson14.,The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A.is,B.was,C.are,D.were,答案,B.,以并列结构作主语主谓一致问题,15/70,不定代词做主语时主谓一致,1.,不定代词,each,another,the other,either,neither,和由,some,any,no,every+one/thing/body,所组成复合代词做主语时，谓动用单数形式。,Neither of us,has,gone through regular training.,Nobody,wants,to go there.,Something,has,been done to end the strike.,16/70,2.,none of+,不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式；,none of+,可数名词,谓语动词单复均可，,none,单独用，代表不可数名词，用单数；代表复数时，可单可复。,17/70,3.all,做主语表示人时，谓动用复数；若表物，谓动则用单数,。,All,is,well that ends well.,All,are,eager to reach an agreement,.,18/70,表示“全体”、“部分”等意义词做主语时主谓一致（补充）,1.,当主语是,most,the rest,the last,the remainder,等时，谓动应依据,of,后宾语单复数而定。,Three of us will go,the rest,are,to stay here.,After the big fire,the remainder,is,nothing.,19/70,2.,当,town,school,village,等分别表示总称“镇民”、“全体师生”、“村民”时，谓动用单复数均可。有时其前可用,the,或,the whole,修饰。,The whole school,were/was,sorry when she left.,The whole town,is/are,in agreement about the plan.,20/70,“the+,形容词,/,过去分词做主语主谓一致,“the+,形容词,/,过去分词”表示一类人或事物时，谓动用复数；若指某一抽象概念或个他人、事，则用单数,。,The sick here are very well cared for.,The true is to be told from the false.,21/70,the number of,做主语时，谓动用单数；,a number of,做主语时，谓动用复数。,The number of mistakes,is,surprising,.,A number of books,are,missing from the library.,22/70,补充,1.,必定,+,否定,+V.(,假如主语是由必定是否定组合时，动词 与必定主语一致。,),e.g.,It is I,not you,who am wrong.,=It is I who am wrong,not you.,2.,地点副词（短语）,+V.+,主语（此为倒装句型）,e.g.,Among the guests was standing John.,=John was standing among the guests.,23/70,1.,以,who,why,how,whether,或,that,引导从句做主语时，谓动用单数。,Why she did this,is,not known,.,名词性分句作主语时主谓一致,2.and,连接两个名词性从句做主语，如表示两件事情，则谓动用复数。,What caused the accident and who was responsible for it,remain,a mystery to us.,24/70,名词性分句作主语时主谓一致,3.,在以,what,从句作主语”主系表“结构中，主句谓动要以表语名词单复数而定。,What caused the accident,is,a complete mystery.,What his father left him,are,a few English books.,4.,在,what,从句所引导”主系表“结构中，若从句中含有两个以上动词，主句中谓动应用复数。,What I say and think,are,none of your business.,25/70,名词性分句作主语时主谓一致,5.,假如,what-,分句本身显著表示复数意义，比如,what-,分句动词和补语都是复数，那么主句动词也可用复数。,6.,由,how and why,when and where,引导从句做主语时，谓动仍用单数。,When and where we will have the meeting,has,not been decided.,26/70,非限定分句作主语主谓一致问题,1.,动词不定式、,-ing,分词形式做主语，谓动用单数。,To learn English well,is,difficult.,2.,以两个由,and,连接并列非限定分句做主语，如表示两件事情，谓动用复数；假如指是一件事，动词用单数。,Reading three classical novels and making some social investigations,are,assignments for the students during the holiday.,27/70,定语从句中主谓一致问题,定语从句中谓语动词单复数形式通常依照先行词形式而定。,先行词,+which +V.(,动词与先行词一致,),that,e.g.I,who am your friend,should help you.,e.g.I will employ a boy who understands English.,28/70,“one of+,复数名词,+,定语从句“结构中主谓一致,1.,在“,one of+,复数名词,+,定语从句”结构中，定语从句中谓动常依照语法一致标准用复数。,This is one of the rooms that,were,damaged in the fire.,29/70,2.,在”,the only one of+,复数名词,+,定语从句“结构中，定语从句谓动仍用单数。,Mary is the only one of the youngest girls who,is,studying the major of International Law in this university.,30/70,分裂句中主谓一致,在分裂句“,It is +,主语,+that+V.(,此为强调句句型,)”,，动词与主语一致。,It is Jim who is going to do it,是吉姆去做这项工作。,It is I who am to blame,应受责备是我。,但在非正式语体中，此分裂句中心成份可用宾格代词,me,，这时，随即,that,一分句动词通惯用第三人称单数。比如：,It is me that is to blame,It is me that was injured in the accident,在事故中受伤是我。,31/70,存在句中主谓一致,在,here,there,引导存在句中，谓语动词与其后面实义主语一致。普通说来，实义主语是单数，动词也用单数，实义主语是复数，动词也是用复数。,There is a big lake in the centre of the city,城市中心有一个大湖。,There are three rooms left,还剩三间房。,当用作实义主语名词词组是个并列结构时，采取就近标准决定谓语动词形式。,There is a pen,two pencils and some books on the desk.,There are two pens ,a pencil and some books on the desk.,32/70,注意,1,）,more than one+,单数,N.+,单形,V.,2)more +,复数,N.than one+,复形,V.,3,）,more than two(three,)+,复数,N.+,复形,V,e.g.More than one student is punished.,More students than one are punished.,More than two white roses have bloomed.,33/70,注意,1,）“,a/an+,单名,+or two”,大多接单数谓语：“,one or two+,复名”接复数谓语。,Only a word or two is(are)needed.,只需说一两句。,One or two reasons were suggested.,提出一两条理由。,2,）“,a/an+,单名,+and a half”,常接单数谓语；“,one and a half+,复名”也是多接单数谓语。,A year and a half has passed.,一年半已过去了。,One and a half bananas is left on the table.,桌子上还有一个半香蕉。,34/70,1.,All the Presidents Men,_one of the important books for historians who study the Watergate Scandal.(TEM4-52),A.remain B.remains C.remained D.is remaining,2.The research requires more money than_.(TEM4-61),A.have been put in B.has been put in C.being put in D.to be put in,3.The statistics_that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.(TEM4-62),A.proves B.is proving C.are proving D.prove,B B D,35/70,4.Mr.Wells,together with all the members of his family,_for Europe this afternoon.(-61),A.are to leave B.are leaving C.is leaving D.leave,5.It is futile to discuss the matter further,because _ going to agree upon anything today.(-60),A.neither you nor I are B.neither you nor me is,C.neither you nor I am D.neither me nor you are,6.,of the twins was arrested,because I saw both at a party last night.(-42),A.None B.Both C.Neither D.All,C C C,36/70,倒装,37/70,一,.,全部倒装,1.,在,there,here,引导句子中，谓语是,be,exist,等表示状态不及物动词。如：,Here are coats for young people,这有年轻人穿大衣。,2,在副词,now then thus,引导句子里，谓语是,come,follow,begin,end,等。,a.,There is,a dictionary on the desk.,桌上有本字典。,b.,Here comes,the bus!,公共汽车来了,!,38/70,全部倒装,Note,:,如主语为人称代词,不用倒装结构。比如,:,a.Here she comes.,她来了。,b.Here it is.,在这儿（或这就是）。,39/70,1.Then _ the Civil War.A.did follow B.followed,C.does follow D.following,2.There _ at the top of the hill.,A.stands a weather station,B.a weather station stands,C.does a weather station stand,D.is a weather station stand,40/70,全部倒装,3.,用于一些表示地点介词词组作句首状语句子，谓语是,come,be,stand,sit,lie,等动词句子里,。,In this chapter,will be found a partial answer.,From the valley,came a tinkling sound,a soothing moo,the lull of alien voices.,On the other side of the road,was standing Lily,41/70,全部倒装,4.,用于以表示处所,声音等义副词开头句子,(,out,in,up,down,away,),。用表示运动不及物动词（如,go,come,rush,fly,等）作谓语时，为了表示生动，可将一些副词放在句首，谓语动词放在主语之前，形成倒装结构。比如：,a.,Away flew,the pigeons.,鸽子飞了。,b.,Bang went,the firecracker.,鞭炮砰一声响了。,c.The door burst open and,in rushed,the crowd.,42/70,全部倒装,Note,:,假如主语是人称代词，主语和谓语动词位置则不变，只将副词放在句首。如：,Out he rushed.,他冲了出去。,43/70,3.Round and round _.,flew the planeB.the plane flew,C.did the plane flyD.was the plane flying,4.Up _.,his ball went B.went it,C.did he go D.he came,44/70,全部倒装,在不带,if,虚拟条件状语从句,谓语动词是,be,句子里。如：,Were I in your position,I would ask him about the matter,我要是处于你那样位置，我就要问问他这件事。,45/70,部分倒装,是指将谓语一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。假如句中谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词,do,does,或,did,，并将其置于主语之前。,46/70,部分倒装,1.,当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义词语时，普通引发局部倒装。,常见词和短语有：,hardly,little,never,not until,rarely,seldom,in no way,at no time,in no case,by no means,hardly(scarcely/barely)when,no sooner than,等,47/70,5.Not a single word_ at the meeting so far.A.did she say B.said she C.has she saidD.she has said,6.Seldom _ any mistakes during my past few years of working here.A.would I make B.did I makeC.I did make D.shall I make,48/70,部分倒装,2.,句首状语若由“,only+,副词”、“,only+,介词词组”、“,only+,状语分词”组成，也可引发局部倒装。,Only yesterday did,he find out that his watch was missing.,Only through sheer luck did,he manage to get some tickets.,Only because there were some cancelled bookings did,he get some tickets in the end.,Only by working hard can,we succeed.,49/70,注意：,Only,如不在句首，或,only,修饰不是状语，则不倒装。如：,The contract was signed only after bitter negotiations.,只有在艰辛谈判以后，协议才得以签署。,（改成倒装：,Only after bitter negotiations was the contract signed.,）,Only the senior staff are allowed to use this room.,只许资深职员使用这个房间。,Only five passengers survived the accident.,事故中只有五位旅客生存了下来。,50/70,7.Only by practising a few hours every day _ be able to use it.A.you can B.can you C.you will D.will you,8.Only when he saw it,_ believe what I said.,A.he did B.he will C.did he D.he would,9.Only in this way _ the problems.A.you can solve B.can you solveC.you solve D.did you solve,51/70,3.not onlybut also,当,not onlybut also,句式,not only,部分置于句首时，前一个分句中主谓要采取部分倒装，第二个分句则不倒装。,_ snacks and drinks but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.A.Not only they brought,B.Not only did they bringC.Not only brought they,D.Not only they did bring,(,答案为,B),52/70,4.notuntil,当,notuntil,句式转换成,not until,且置于句首时，其后主句部分习惯上要用倒装语序,(,与普通疑问句形式相同,),。,Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.,直到,19,世纪初，人们才知道热是何物。,在复合句中，只有主句用倒装，,until,引导从句不倒装。如：,Not until he loses his health will he give up drinking.,他直到失去健康才会戒酒。,53/70,10.Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted.A.didnt I realize B.did I realizeC.I didn t realize D.I realized,11._ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report.A.He hardly had B.Had he hardly C.Hardly had he D.Hardly did he,12.By no means(,一点也不,)_ succeed in getting the first place.,A.they can B.can they C.they could D.have they,54/70,5.,用于以副词,so,neither,nor,开头,表示“某人也这么”一类概念句子。,1)so,用于必定句，代替上文中形容词，名词或动词,通常指前面所说必定情况也适合用于其它人,(,或物,),，结构为,:,So+be,do,have,其它助动词或情态动词,+,主语,.,比如,:,I can speak English.,So can,my brother.,我会说英语。我弟弟也会。,55/70,Production is going up,and so is the peoples standard of living.,生产不停发展，人们生活水平也一样。,Society has changed and so have the people in it.,社会变了，社会上人也变了。,Coal is under the ground,and so is oil.,煤在地底下，石油也是。,He saw it,and so did I.,他看见了，我也看见了。,56/70,Note,:,假如不是表示情况适合，而是表示对前面句子内容同意或必定，则不能用倒装句。比如：,He is a good teacher,so he is,.,他是个好老师，他确实是。,57/70,部分倒装,2)neither,nor,用于否定句，通常指前面所说否定情况，也适合用于其它人（或物），结构为：,Neither(nor)+be,do,have,其它助动词或情态动词,+,主语。比如：,You cant do it,neither/nor can,I.,你不能做这件事，我也不能。,58/70,e.g.I havent been to New Work before and neither has my sister.,“Did you see that?”“No”“Neither did I”.,59/70,Nor,用于否定句中，承接前面语气进行深入否定。不过注意，这里否定事情普通和前边并不一致，这一点和,neither,使用方法是不一样。,e.g.He cannot see,nor could he hear until one month ago.,She isnt rich,nor do I imagine that she ever will be.,I wont arrive today.Nor tomorrow.,60/70,Note:,nor,是连词，,neither,既是连词又是副词,I cant answer,but neither can I.,考试中,neither,和,nor,同时出现时，通常考得是,neither,副词使用方法。,61/70,C A,1.The message is clear:Just as tea and banana cant go together,_ should the son of a low-class family expect to marry the daughter of a nobleman.A.eitherB.notC.neitherD.nor,2.We dont need air conditioning,_.,A)nor can we afford it,B)and nor we can afford it,C)neither can afford it,D)and we can neither afford,62/70,13.My brother had a bad cold last week,and so_.A.did I B.had I C.was I D.I did10.“Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?”“I didnt know,_.”A.nor dont I care B.nor do I careC.I dont care neither D.I dont care also14.He is a good student,and works very hard,_.A.so it is with her B.so does sheC.so is he D.neither does she,63/70,6.,So/Suchthat,倒装形式,在,So(such)that,结构中，假如,so,或,such,在句首，通常也会用倒装结构。比如,:,a.,So busy was,I that I had no time to have lunch.,我太忙了，没时间吃午饭。,b.,Such(=so hot)was,the weather that I could not go out.,天太热了，我没法出门。,c.,So fast does,light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.,d.,To such an extent did,the temperature rise that the fireman had to leave the burning house.,64/70,15._ that he couldnt speak.,So angry he wasB.So angry was he,C.Such angry was heD.So was he angry,16.Such _.,was that he saidB.was what he said,C.were what he saidD.is what he said,65/70,7.,用于以,were,had,should,等词开头虚拟条件句（即省略了,if,虚拟条件句）比如：,a.,Had,I known it earlier,I would not have made the mistake.,假如我早知道这件事，我就不会犯错了。,b.,Were,she here,we would be able to get some good advice.,要是她在这儿，我们就能得到些好提议。,c.,Should,you go to Shanghai with me,let me know.,假如你要和我去上海，就告诉我。,66/70,17._ it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off visiting Beijing.A.Were B.Should C.Would D.Will,18._hard at college,you would have got a better job.,A.If you worked B.Did you work,C.Had you workedD.You had worked,67/70,8.,在一些表示祝福句子里用倒装，比如：,a.,May,you succeed!,祝你成功！,b.,So be,it!,希望如此！,68/70,9.,英语中有让步状语从句可用,as,though,等引发倒装结构表示，其结构为,:,“,形容词（副词，动词，分词,)+as(though)+,主语,+,谓语,”。,a.,Young though she is,she is courageous.,她即使年纪小，但却很勇敢。,b.,Much as I like playing football,I like swimming better.,我即使很喜欢踢足球，但我更喜欢游泳。,Child as/though he is,he knows a lot.,倒装部分为可数名词单数时，不加冠词“,a”,但假如 这个名词 前面有形容词 修饰时,则要加冠词,A little child as he is,he knows a lot.,69/70,19._,he wont stop to have a rest.,A.As he is tired B.Tired as he is,C.Tired although he is D.However he is tired,20._,mother will wait for him to have dinner together.A.However late is he B.However late he is C.However is he late D.Late however he is,70/70,