高考英语专题复习介词和介词短语市赛课公开课一等奖省名师优质课获奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,高考二轮复习,介词和介词短语,1/55,考点纵横,全国卷,新课标卷,地方卷,当前,这么考,全国,卷,(,介词短语,),全国,卷,(,介词短语,),全国,卷,(,介词短语,),新课标,卷,(by;with),新课标,卷,(at),天津(介词短语),浙江(介词短语),浙江(介词短语),江苏(介词短语),安徽(介词短语),湖北(介词短语),广东(动词短语),湖南(动词短语),今后,怎么考,高考今后仍将在完形填空、语法填空和短文改错等各类题型中考查介词使用方法以及介词短语搭配,2/55,考纲解读,介词是英语中比较活跃词,它与名词、形容词、副词和动词等组成搭配时使用方法灵活且意义丰富。介词考查形式多样,除了单纯考查介词外,还常考查介词与其它词搭配。另外,在定语从句中,也常考查,“,介词,+,关系代词,”,使用方法。有些介词考查频率较高,如,with,beyond,等。,3/55,考题导引,1,(,浙江，,6)That young man is honest,，,cooperative,，,always there when you need his help._,，,hes reliable.,解析：,考查介词短语辨析。句意为：那个年轻人老实而且善于合作，总是在你需要帮助时候出现。总之，他是可靠。,2,(,全国,，,64)My connection with pandas goes back _ my days on a TV show in the mid,1980s.,解析：,go back to,为固定短语，意思是,“,回到，追溯到,”,。,3,(,全国,，短文改错,)My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time._,解析：,固定短语,dream of/about(doing)sth,意思是,“,梦想做某事,”,。,In short,to,在,dreams,之后加上,of,或,about,4/55,4,(,全国,，,44)Most of us are more focused_our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.,解析：,考查介词使用方法。很多人早晨注意力要比晚些时候注意力更集中。固定短语,be focused on,专心于，集中于。,5,(,全国,，短文改错,)Now I am leaving home to college.At last,I will be on my own,but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever I need help._,解析：,固定搭配,leave.for,离开,去,。,on,to for,5/55,一、介词,1,表示方位,at,in,on,to,beside/by,和,near,介词,使用方法,示例,at,普通指在较小地方,I met him,at,the shop.,in,普通指在较大地方，或在某一范围内,They arrived,in,Beijing yesterday.,Shandong Province lies,in,the east of China.,知识梳理,6/55,介词,使用方法,示例,on,普通指在物体表面，或相邻并接壤两个地域,The picture is hanging,on,the wall.,Vietnam is,on,the south of China.,to,表示某范围外不接壤两位置,Jiangsu Province is,to,the southeast of Hebei Province.,beside/by,“在旁边”,She was standing,beside,her mother.,There is a small house,by,the river.,near,“靠近；靠近”,There is a supermarket,near,my home.,7/55,介词,使用方法,示例,between,在二者或每二者之间,I sat down,between,Sue and Jane.,among,在三者或三者以上之间,The teacher was standing,among,the students.,2,表示方位,between,和,among,8/55,介词,使用方法,示例,across,从表面穿过,He walked,across,the square to meet us.,through,从内部穿过,The guide led us,through,the forest.,over,从上面跨过,The thief jumped,over,the fence and fled away.,past,从旁边经过,She walked,past,the shop.,3,表示方位,across,through,over,和,past,9/55,介词,使用方法,示例,at,表示在某个时间点、时刻或重大节日,at,9,：,00;,at,noon;at daybreak;,at,Christmas,in,表示在某个较长时间内，如世纪、朝代或年月；泛指早晨、下午、黄昏,in,the 21st century;,in,September;,in,the morning,on,表示在详细某一天或详细某一天早晨、下午、晚上,on,2nd,September;,on,the morning of 1st,May,4,表示时间点,at,in,和,on,10/55,介词,使用方法,示例,for,“for时间段”意为“多长时间”，表示动作连续时间长短，普通作完成时、过去时或未来时时间状语,He has lived in the small village,for,five years.,I studied in Peking University,for,4 years.,since,“since时间点”意为“自从(过去某时)以来”，作完成时时间状语,He has worked in this company,since,graduation.,Tom has been doing his homework,since,7 oclock.,5,表示时间段,for,和,since,11/55,介词,使用方法,示例,by,“,by,名词,”,表示交通方式时，名词前不加冠词,My brother usually goes to school,by,bike.,in/on,in/on后名词必须有冠词或代词等修饰,My father often goes to work,in,his car/,on,his bicycle.,6,表示交通方式,by,in,和,on,12/55,介词,使用方法,示例,by,指“靠伎俩，用方法，凭借”，后可接名词、代词或动名词,He made a living,by,selling newspapers when he was young.,in,多用于表示语言、材料名词前,All the applicants are required to fill in the form,in,ink.,with,多用于表示有形工具或身体器官名词前,They are busy digging,with,spades.,7,表示,“,用,”,by,in,和,with,13/55,介词,使用方法,示例,except,表示“除之外(其它都)”，其后宾语是被排除在外，侧重同类事物排除,All my friends took part in the party,except,John.,except for,其后被排除内容与主语往往不是同一类,His composition is good,except for,a few spelling mistakes.,besides,表示“除之外(其它也)”，其后宾语是被包含在内,He has learned German,French,besides,English.,8,表示,“,除,外,”,except,except for,和,besides,14/55,含义,示例,(,表示态度,),反对,An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are,against,it.,(,表示对比,),以,为背景,The skiers red clothes stood out clearly,against,the snow.,(,表示方位,),倚靠着,The girl was leaning,against,the wall with her arms folded.,9,其它常考介词使用方法,(1)against,使用方法,15/55,含义,示例,(,表示位置,),在,另一边，在,更远处,The small village is 20 miles,beyond,the town.,(,表示时间,),晚于,He delayed the matter,beyond,the fixed time.,(,表示程度,),超出，非,所能及,To be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is,beyond,expression in words for me.,(2)beyond,使用方法,16/55,含义,示例,(,表示方位,),越过,The airplane flew,over,the mountains and disappeared in the distance.,(表示等级或数目)高于，在之上，超出,He has got the job because he has the advantage,over,others of knowing many languages.,(,表示时间或过程,),在,期间,Im sorry I didnt phone you,but Ive been very busy,over,the past couple of weeks.,(3)over,使用方法,17/55,含义,示例,(,表示方向、距离,),到，向，去,It was on the way,to,the railway station.,(,表示时间,),直到,为止，到,He wakes at a quarter,to,six every morning.,(表示比较、百分比、参考)与相比，相对于而言,I prefer oranges,to,apples.,(,表示对象关系,),属于，对，给,The hospital is attached,to,the university.,抵达(某一点或某个程度),Temperatures dropped,to,25 degrees below zero.,(4)to,使用方法,18/55,含义,示例,在,下面，在,之下,She placed the ladder,under,the window.,在,过程中,The possibility of employing more staff is still,under,discussion.,(数字、数量、年纪或价格)低于，少于，在以下,These toys are not suitable for children,under,five.,受,影响,Shes been,under,a lot of pressure at work.,(5)under,使用方法,19/55,含义,示例,和,一起，和，同，跟,Would you like to go shopping,with,me,？,(表示同时或同一方向)伴随,With,time going by,the little tree has grown up.,含有，带有,The dictionary is what I want,but I dont have enough money,with,me.,因为，因为,He trembled,with,fear.,(,表示方式,),用,He cut it,with,a knife.,(6)with,使用方法,20/55,二,、,介词短语,介词固定搭配考查有两种：一是考查固定搭配中介词；二是考查介词短语。,While staying in the village,James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything,in return,.(,浙江高考,),当詹姆斯住在这个村里时候，他无私地把他任何东西都与村民分享而不图任何回报。,Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence.,On the other hand,it could just put you in debt.(,江西高考,),自己做生意或许是取得经济独立一个方法，另首先，它也可能让你负债。,21/55,知识积累,介词惯用搭配一览,1,介词与名词惯用搭配,(1)at,n.,表示状态,at a loss,不知所措,at peace,处于和平中,at war,在战争中,at work,在工作,(2),其它以,at,开头介词短语,at the beginning of,在,开始,at the cost of,以,代价,at the risk of,冒,危险,at the mercy of,在,支配下；任由,摆布,22/55,(3)on,n.,表示状态,on exhibition/show,在展出,on fire,着火,on sale,出售，打折,on the way,在途中,on the decrease/increase,在降低,/,在增加,on holiday/vacation,在度假,on duty,/guard,在值班,/,站岗,23/55,(4),其它以,on,开头介词短语,on account of,因为,on behalf of,代表,on no account/condition,决不,(5)by,n.,表示方式,by accident,偶然,by air/plane,乘飞机,by chance,偶然,by coincidence,恰巧,by hand,用手工,by mistake,错误地,by the day,按天算,by nature,天生地,24/55,(6)in,n.,表示方式,in cash,用现金付款,in width,在宽度上,in depth,在深度上,in detail,详细地,in size,在大小上,in height,在高度上,in length,在长度上,in English,用英语,(7),其它以,in,开头介词短语,in need of,需要,in no case,决不,in no time,立刻,in no way,决不,in place of,代替,in possession of,拥有，占有,in addition to,另外,in charge of,掌管,in response to,作为回应,in return,作为回报,25/55,in spite of,尽管,in exchange for,作为交换,in favor of,支持，赞成,in case of,万一；假如；假如,in celebration of,为庆贺,in control of,管理；控制；操纵,in honour of,为向,表示敬意,in memory of,为了纪念,in support of,为支持,in the charge of,在,管理下,in the direction of,在,方向,in the face of,面对,26/55,(8)of,n.,表示特征,(,等于对应形容词,),of benefit,有益处,of help,有帮助,of importance,主要,of significance,有意义,of use,有用,of value,有价值,(9)out of,n.,表示状态,out of balance,失去平衡,out of breath,上气不接下气,out of control,不受控制,out of date,过期,out of debt,不欠债,out of order,出故障,out of shape,走样，不成形,out of sight,看不到,out of the question,不可能,out of work,失业,27/55,(10)under,n.,表示被动,under attack,遭到攻击,under discussion,在讨论中,under pressure,在压力下,under treatment,在治疗中,under control,处于控制之中,under construction,在建造中,(11)with,n.,表示方式,with delight/joy,高兴地,with difficulty,困难地,with ease,轻而易举地,with fear,害怕地,with pleasure,愿意地,28/55,(12)beyond,n.,表示,“,超出,，难以,”,beyond compare,无与伦比,beyond reach,够不到,beyond description,难以描述,beyond doubt,不用怀疑，确实地,beyond expression/words,难以表示,2,介词与形容词惯用搭配,(1)be,adj.,about,be anxious about,忧虑,be curious about,对,好奇,29/55,be particular about,对,考究,/,挑剔,be worried/concerned about,对,担心,(2)be,adj.,at,be angry at,因,生气,be good at,擅长,be astonished at,对,吃惊,be present at,出席,be disappointed at,对,失望,(3)be,adj.,in,be absorbed in,专注于,be active in,主动于,be dressed in,穿着,be engaged in,忙于,30/55,be rich in,富含,be occupied in,忙于,be interested in,对,感兴趣,be involved in,包含在,中，被卷入,(4)be,adj.,for,be eager for,渴望,be famous for,以,著名,be fit for,适合，胜任,be hungry for,渴望,be ready for,准备好,be sorry for,对,感到抱歉,be thankful for,因,而感激,be anxious for,急迫期望，渴望,be prepared for,为,做好准备,31/55,(5)be,adj.,from,be absent from,缺席,be different from,不一样于,be far from,远离,be free from,不受,影响,(6)be,adj.,to,be close to,靠近,be contrary to,与,相反,be devoted to,致力于,be equal to,等于,be familiar to,对,来说熟悉,be friendly to,对,友好,be good to,对,有好处,be grateful to,对,心存感激,be harmful to,对,有危害,be kind to,对,友好,be opposed to,反对,be similar to,与,相同,be/get used to(,变得,),习惯于,32/55,(7)be,adj.,of,be aware of,意识到,be fond of,喜欢,be full of,充满,be proud of,因,而自豪,be short of,缺乏,be tired of,厌烦,be ashamed of,为,感到羞耻,(8)be,adj.,with,be busy with,忙于,be filled with,充满,be combined with,与,结合,be content with,对,满意,33/55,be covered with,被,覆盖,be familiar with,对,熟悉,be patient with,对,有耐心,be popular with,受,欢迎,be satisfied with,对,满意,be pleased with,对,感到满意,by angry with(sb.),对,(,某人,),发怒,be concerned with,与,相关；包括，关心，关注,34/55,考点突破,考点语境词义辨析,1.The dictionary is _,：,many words have been added to the language since it was published.(,天津，,2),A.out of control B.out of date,C.out of sight D.out of reach,解析,考查,“,out of,名词,”,型介词短语辨析。句意为：这部词典过时了：自从它出版以来，这门语言已增添了许多单词。,out of date,过时，符合语境。,out of control,失控；,out of sight,看不见；,out of reach,够不着。,35/55,2.Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes _ animals both on land and sea,？,(,浙江，,3),A.about B.to,C.with D.over,解析,考查固定搭配。句意为：你听说过是海陆两栖动物栖息地树吗？,be home to,为固定搭配，意为,“,是,栖息地，是,家园,”,。,36/55,3.Most people work because it,s unavoidable._,，,there are some people who actually enjoy work.(,浙江，,10),A.As a result B.In addition,C.By contrast D.In conclusion,解析,考查介词短语辨析。句意为：大多数人工作因为这是无法防止，相比之下，也有一些人确实喜欢工作。依据语境可知，此处表示前后对比。,by contrast,相比之下，符合语境。,as a result,结果；,in addition,另外，另外；,in conclusion,总之。,37/55,4.Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around _ Thomas Edison.(,江苏，,34),A.thanks to B.regardless of,C.aside from D.but for,解析,考查介词短语辨析。句意为：假如没有托马斯,爱迪生话，我们现在所受益许多东西是不会出现。,thanks to,幸亏，因为；,regardless of,不论，不顾；,aside from,除了，除,以外；,but for,要不是，假如没有话。由句意知选,D,项。,38/55,5.This meeting room is a nonsmoking area.I would like to warn you _ that if you smoked here you would be fined.(,湖北，,30),A.in advance B.in detail,C.in total D.in general,解析,考查,“,in,名词,”,型短语意义辨析。句意为：这个会议室是,“,无烟区,”,。我想提前提醒你，假如你在这里吸烟，你将会被罚款。依据题干中,that,引导宾语从句可知，说话者是在,“,提前,”,告诉对方这一事实，所以选择,in advance,。,in detail,详细地；,in total,总共；,in general,普通来说。,39/55,6.The little pupil took his grandma_ the arm and walked her across the street.(,陕西，,12),A.on B.by C.in D.at,解析,句意为：那个小学生搀着奶奶胳膊，送她过了街道。,“,动词,sb.,介词,the,人体部位,”,是习惯使用方法，依据身体不一样部位改变介词，如：,pat sb.on the head,，,hit sb.in the face,等。,40/55,7.A common memory they all have _ their school days is the school uniform.(,福建，,22),A.of B.on C.to D.with,解析,考查介词使用方法。句意为：他们对校园岁月共同记忆就是校服。本句使用了,have a memory of,这一搭配，意为,“,对,记忆,”,。,41/55,考点归纳,1.,几组常见介词短语,(1)out of,名词,out of question,毫无疑问；,out of the question,不可能；,out of order,次序颠倒；,out of sight,看不见；,out of place,不适当；,out of pity,出于同情；,out of curiosity,出于好奇,(2)in,名词,in power,掌权；,in good condition,状态良好；,in despair,绝望地；,in public,/secret,公开地,/,秘密地；,in tears,哭泣；,in good,/bad repair,保养得好,/,不好；,in charge,负责，掌管；,in a hurry,慌忙,；,in anger,生气；,in trouble,有困难,42/55,(3)in,名词介词,in case of,以防万一；,in honor of,为了纪念,；,in favor of,支持；,in memory of,为了纪念,；,in charge of,负责；,in terms of,从,角度；,in need of,需要；,in praise of,表彰；,in view of,鉴于；,in return for,作为对,回报；,in response to,对,回复或反应,(4)under,名词,under control,受控；,under attack,遭到攻击；,under way,在进行中；,under discussion,在讨论；,under consideration,在讨论,/,考虑中,(5)at,名词,at work,在工作；,at play,在玩耍；,at dinner,在吃饭；,at ease,轻松，自由自在；,at war,在打仗,43/55,(6)on,名词,on fire,着火；,on purpose,有意地；,on duty,值日；,on the phone,在打电话；,on leave,在休假；,on holiday,在度假；,on a walk,在散步；,on the rise/fall,上升,/,下降；,on sale,出售；,on show/exhibition,展出；,on business,出差；,on ones way to,在去,路上；,on a visit/trip/tour,出行,(7)to ones,情感名词,to ones surprise,令某人诧异是；,to ones joy,使某人高兴是；,to ones disappointment,令某人失望是；,to ones delight,使某人高兴是,44/55,2.,注意以下短语中介词使用方法,for nothing,不花钱，无偿,come across the room,穿过房间,feel like doing sth.,想要做某事,get paid by the week,按周取得酬劳,be particular about.,对,苛求、挑剔,with satisfaction,满意地,be second to none,不输于任何人；不比任何东西差,on one,s own,独自地,in great quantity,大量地，大批量,45/55,in great demand,需求量很大,take a turn for the better,正朝更加好方向发展,keep an eye on,照看，照料,with the help of,在,帮助下,under the leadership of,在,领导下,the article in the newspaper,报纸上文章,a bird in the tree,树上鸟,apples on the tree,树上苹果,tickets for the concert,音乐会票,in the direction of,朝着,方向,46/55,from the direction of,从,方向,set an example to sb.,给某人树立榜样,3.,以下短语中,to,为介词,belong to,属于,date back to,追溯到,look forward to,期望；期望,be addicted to,沉溺于,be accustomed to,习惯于,be/get used to doing.,习惯于做,be devoted to.,致力于,stick to,坚持,47/55,.,单句填空,1.(,全国,)But my connection with pandas goes back_,my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s.,2.(,全国,)Most of us are more focused,our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.,3.(,新课标,)For those who fly to Guilin,its only an hour away,car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.,真题感悟,to,on,by,48/55,4.,(,新课标,),the same time,they warm up again for the night.,5.,(,湖南,),There is a lot more material available,which means you may be overwhelmed,the amount of information.,6.,(,福建,),A common memory they all have,their school days is the school uniform.,7.,(,广东,),He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby,other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what was left.,At,with,of,for,49/55,8.,(,重庆,),Last year was the warmest year on record,with global temperature 0.68,the average.,9.,(,新课标,),I got a place next,the window,so I had a good view of the sidewalk.,10.,(,福建,),By focusing on saving oil,water,paper,food,and clothing,we are playing a part,cutting down on waste.,11.,(,广东,),I didn,t understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged,the reservation.,12.,(,湖南,),In this way,everyone will live,peace.,above,to,in,for,in,50/55,.,单句改错,1.(,新课标,)Unfortunately,on the development of industrialization,the environment has been polluted.,2.(,新课标,)Tony saw a toy on a shop window.,3.(,陕西,)My soccer coach retired in last week.,.,on,改为,with,on,改为,in,去掉,in,51/55,4.(,浙江,)My old classroom was interesting because three sides of the classroom were made from glass.,5.(,新课标,)We can lie on the grass for a rest,or sit by the lake listening music.,6.(,纲领,)The more friends we have,the more we can learn for one another,and the more pleasure we can share together.,from,改为,of,listening,后加,to,for,改为,from,52/55,7.,(,新课标,),Nearly five years ago,and with the help by our father,my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(,圣女果,)in our back garden.,8.,(,新课标,),As result,the plants are growing everywhere.,9.,(,新课标,),Therefore,we have more time with after-school activities.,by,改为,of,As,后加,a,with,改为,for,53/55,10.,(,陕西,),My uncles immediately jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird.,11.,(,四川,),Today,I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm goes off.,12.,(,四川,),If you hear the alarm,stand in line at the door and wait your teacher