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专题十动词的被动语态,考点一一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态,考点突破,考点二含有情态动词的被动语态,考点一一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态,考点突破,一、被动语态的基本结构:be+动词的过去分词,二、被动语态的用法,在被动语态中,主语是动作的承受者,主要用于下列几种情况:,1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。如:,This watch is made in China.这块手表是在中国制造的。,2.没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如:,More trees must be planted every year.,每年都必须种更多的树。,3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。如:,Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.,世界上越来越多的人在说汉语。,4.动作的发出者不是人而是物时。如:,Many houses were washed away by the flood.,许多房屋被洪水冲走了。,三、主动语态和被动语态的转化,1.主动语态变为被动语态,(1)要将主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语,若主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要,将宾格变成主格。,(2)把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语,主格代词变成宾格代词,并由by引,导。,(3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。如:,我们让他唱了首英文歌。,We asked him to sing an English song.,He was asked to sing an English song by us.,2.带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态,谓语动词带双宾语时,既可以将间接宾语转化成主语,也可以将直接宾语转化成,主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语,则保留直接宾语;若将直接宾语转化成主语,则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。如:,She gave me a book.(变为被动语态),I was given a book by her.(间接宾语me改为主语),A book was given to me by her.(直接宾语a book改为主语),3.,动词短语变为被动语态,许多由不及物动词构成的动词短语,相当于及物动词,可以有宾语,也可以有被,动语态。注意,:,动词短语是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉,构成动词短语的介词或副词。如,:,We should take good care of the children.,The children should be taken good care of.(of不可省略),4.带复合宾语的动词变为被动句,宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动句,的主语,宾语补足语保留在原处,成为主语补足语。如:,I saw some boys playing football in the playground.,Some boys were seen playing football in the playground.,5.被动语态后动词形式的选择,主动句中的感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice等和使役动词let,make,have等后,跟省略to的动词不定式,变为被动句时,应加上动词不定式符号to。如:,We often hear the girl sing in her room in the evening.,The girl is often heard to sing in her room in the evening.,四、主动语态表示被动意义,1.open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,burn,drive等词作不及物动词且它们的,主语为物时,可用主动语态表示被动意义。如:,This pen writes very smoothly.,这支钢笔写起来很流畅。,This sweater washes well.,这件毛衣很耐洗。,2.look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。如:,School uniforms look good on us.我们穿着校服很好看。,Dinner smells good.,饭菜闻起来很香。,3.be worth doing是主动形式表示被动意义。如:,This film is worth seeing.这部电影值得一看。,4.“want/need/require+doing”相当于“want/need/require+to be done”。如:,My bike needs repairing.=My bike needs to be repaired.,我的自行车需要修理了。,时态,主动语态,被动语态,例句,主动语态,被动语态,一般现在时,do/does,am/is/are+done,We clean the classroom.,The classroom is cleaned by us.,一般过去时,did,was/were+done,He made the kite.,The kite was,made by,him.,现在进行时,am/is/are+doing,am/is/are+being,done,She is watering the flowers.,The flowers arebeing,watered by her.,现在完成时,have/has+done,have/has+been,done,Jim hasfinished the work.,The work has been finished by Jim.,一般将来时,will/shall/be going to+do,will/shall/be going to+be done,They will plant trees,tomorrow.,Trees will be planted,bythem tomorrow.,五、各种时态的被动语态,过去进,行时,was/were+doing,was/were+,being done,She was writing a letter this time yesterday.,A letter was being written,by her this,time yesterday.,过去完,成时,had+done,had+been,done,Jim had finished the work by last week.,The work had been finished,by Jim by last week.,过去将,来时,would/be,going to,+do,would/be going to+be done,He said he would make a kite.,He said a kite would be,made by him.,考点二含有情态动词的被动语态,含情态动词的被动语态的构成,1.肯定句式:主语+情态动词+be+过去分词。如:,He can be found by me.他会被我找到的。,2.否定句式:主语+情态动词+not+be+过去分词。如:,Anything here can,t be taken.,这里的任何东西都不能被带走。,注意:含情态动词的被动语态变为一般疑问句时,应将情态动词移至句首。如:,Can it be done by Li Ming?,这件事可能是李明做的吗?,一、单句填空,1.(2019河南)Where is your book report?Did your dog eat it again?,No,it,was,almost,finished,(finish),and then my computer just died on,me!,2.(2019北京)My advice on how to save paper,was,accepted by my class last,Monday.,3.(2019天津)The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge,completed,(complete)in,2018.We are proud of it.,中考题组,4.(2019江苏南京)The China International Search and Rescue Team has brought,help and hope to people in disasters around the world since it was,set,up 18,years ago.,5.(2019安徽)The villagers expect that the building of the bridge,will,be com-,pleted before the rainy season comes.,6.(2019江西)Gina went to the doctor,s yesterday and she was,told,(tell)about,the importance of good living habits once more.,7.(2019广东)It is said that one Greater Bay Area university,will,be built in,Guangdong in the future.,8.(2019福建)As one of the most exciting sports,volleyball was,included,(in-,clude)in the Olympic Games in 1964.,9.(2019河北)These cakes,are,filled with chocolate.Have one,please.,10.(2019四川成都)Unluckily,Notre Dame de Paris(巴黎圣母院)was,burnt,(burn)this April.We felt so sad for that.,11.(2019吉林)The environment in my hometown is improving because many trees,are,planted every year.,12.(2019湖北襄阳)I enjoy walking on the clean streets in the morning.,You know they are,cleaned,(clean)by the hard-working cleaners every day.,13.(2019海南)China plans to send another spaceship into space.,Wow!More and more secrets,will,be discovered soon.,14.(2019湖南长沙)Perfect photos!Good skills!,Thank you.They were,taken,(take)by my Huawei mobile phone.In fact,I,am not skillful at all.,15.(2018北京)A new international airport will,be,completed in the city next,year.,16.(2018天津)Dr Bethune,is,still,remembered,(remember)in both China,and Canada today.,17.(2018江苏南京)Simon,do you know who invented the kite?,Sure!It,was,invented by Mozi over 2,000 years ago.,18.(2018河北)Look at the picture.The top five TV plays,are,listed in it.,19.(2018安徽)The weatherman says a rain shower,is,expected this afternoon,in the south.,20.(2018广东)Many shops in China,were,ordered to shut down as a new law,against ivory(象牙)trade came into effect on January 1st,2018.,21.(2018新疆乌鲁木齐)Can you go to the movies with me tonight?,I have to ask my mum.If I,am,allowed,I will go with you.,22.(2018辽宁沈阳)There will be fewer workers in factories because most work,will,be done by robots in the future.,23.(2017河南)Why are you leaving your job?,I can,t stand it any longer.I,am,always,asked,(ask)to work overtime.,二、语篇填空,(2020河南中考预测),阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文意思通顺、完,整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。,hardly,America,they,for,teach,hate,value,die,easy,knowledge,Americans think much about time.From childhood they learn to,1,time.They,are,2,to be on time to go to school,to work and to do everything.When they,are having a good time,they say that time goes,3,.When a person is,4,they say he is living on a borrowed time.,Time is money.Time is,5,.Time is everything in America.A working,6,has to work hard for eight hours a day or forty hours a week.This is the working,time.In his free time,he also works hard,7,more money.Even on Saturday,and Sunday he also works hard as usual.In the street you can,8,see a man,walking slowly.They walk very fast.In fact,they are running.,They love time because time can bring,9,money and lots of things.But some-,times they also,10,time,because they feel they have become servants(仆人)of,the clock.,1.,value,2.,taught,3.,easily,4.,dying,5.,knowledge,6.,American,7.,for,8.,hardly,9.,them,10.,hate,一、单句填空,1.(2019河南郑州一模)The winter vacation is coming.I am so happy,Mum!,Not me!I,will,be driven mad by you in the winter vacation.,2.(2019河南郑州外国语中学一模)It,s said in the newspaper that 215 more new,schools will be,built,(build)in Zhengzhou by 2020.,3.(2019河南省实验中学一模)Do you know when we will leave for Hong Kong?,I,m not sure.I,ll tell you when the time,is,fixed.,4.(2019河南洛阳一模)Some small gifts and candies,were,given to me on my,模拟题组,first school day last week.,5.(2019河南安阳一模)Since Bob was,made,(make)president of the club,he,s,been on his high horse.,makes/made/is made/,6.(2019河南平顶山一模)Why did your school win the basketball game?,Because basketball,is,played as an after-school activity in our school this,term.We play it every day.,7.(2019河南商丘一模)Mrs.Green would like to buy that shirt because she,was,told that it was comfortable.,8.(2019河大附中一模)Mom,may I see the movie,The,Wandering,Earth,this,weekend?I don,t want to miss it.,Sure,if your homework,is,finished.,9.(2019中原名校中考第一次大联考)If you are happy,share your feeling with oth-,ers,and then your happiness,will,be doubled.,10.(2019中原名校中考第二次大联考)During the Spring Festival,our city looked,more beautiful because a lot of red lanterns were,hung,(hang)along either side,of the street.,11.(2019河南省实验中学二模)Does your mother like Yu Opera?,Yes,very much.And now it,is,enjoyed by all my family members.,12.(2018河南开封一模)More schools in our city,will,be built to provide chil-,dren with better education in a few years.,13.(2018河南安阳一模)Xi Jinping,is,regarded as one of the greatest leaders,in the world nowadays.,I,m sure Xi Dada will lead us to achieve our Chinese Dream.,14.(2018河南许昌一模)I am afraid that I can,t finish the task successfully.,Don,t worry.You will be,given,(give)plenty of time to do it.,15.(2018河南焦作一模)Do you like the two poems?,Yes.But one of them was,written,(write)by a computer.Can you find it?,16.(2018河南郑州一模)Nowadays,high-speed trains,Alipay,shared bicycles and,online shopping,are,called the New Four Great Inventions in China.,17.(2018河南洛阳二模)I want to work in the countryside when I graduate from,the college.,Me,too.Teachers,are,needed very much.,18.(2018河南开封二模)As long as you try your best to practice,your dream of be-,ing our school,s best basketball player,will,be achieved.,19.(2018河南安阳二模)Mum,can I eat the hamburger?,Sure,if the dishes,are,washed.,二、语篇填空,(2020河南中考原创),阅读短文,根据语篇要求填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。,What will my life be like in the future?,1,you thought about this question?In,my opinion,it,s really interesting to talk about my own future.,In the future,I think I,ll work,2,a writer.I,ll write many articles and books,about Chinese culture.Maybe I,ll be like my favourite writer,Yu Qiuyu.If I be-,come a writer,I will probably live in Xi,an,Nanjing or Hangzhou.I like these,places,3,they are all nice cities with a long history and delicious food.I have,quite a few old friends in the cities,too.I,ll live in a house by the lake.My house,will be big enough,4,store many books.I,ll keep a pet dog,which will make,me happy.And I,ll walk him in the quiet neighborhood.,I hope my life in the future will be wonderful and happy.Most of us will only be,alive for 90 years at most,so we must cherish(爱惜)every moment.Everyone,s,dreams can come true as long as we try our,5,.,1.,Have,2.,as,3.,because,4.,to,5.,best,
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