河南专用2020版中考英语语法过关专题五介词课件人教新目标版.pptx

专题五介词,考点一介词辨析,考点突破,考点二介词的固定搭配,考点一介词辨析,考点突破,一、时间介词,1.at 多用于具体的钟点时刻前,如:at seven,at a quarter to one;也可用于固定搭配,中,如:at noon,at night。,2.in 表示一段时间,用于年、月、世纪、四季或泛指的一天的上午、下午、晚,上等前。如:in the twenty-first century 在21世纪,in autumn 在秋天,in the morning,在早上;还可用于表示“从现在起,多长时间以后或多久之后”的短语中。,3.on 主要用在星期几、具体某一天或某一天的早、中、晚或节日前。如:,on June 1st 在6月1日,4.since,from和for,(1)since指从某时一直延续至今,后接时间点,句子用完成时。如:,He has lived here since 1993.从1993年开始他一直住在这里。,(2)from说明开始的时间,谓语可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态。如:,From now on,I will learn English in the mornings.,从今以后,我将在早晨学英语。,(3)for指动作延续贯穿整个过程,后接时间段,句子用完成时。如:,I have studied English for six years.我已经学英语六年了。,5.after,(1)after 表示以过去为起点的某一段时间之后,可用于一般过去时。如:,They finished the work after two years.,他们两年后完成了这项工作。,(2)after与时间点连用表示过去或将来的某个时间之后。如:,I,ll ring you up after two o,clock.,我会在两点后打电话给你。,6.“by+时间点”表示“到,为止”,如果by后跟一个过去的时间点,句子谓,语动词应用过去完成时。如:,We had learned 1,000 English words by the end of last term.,到上个学期末,我们已经学了1,000个英语单词。,7.“during+时间段”与延续性动词连用表示一段时间内的动作。如:,He lives with us during these years.,这些年他跟我们一起住。,8.until用于否定句中,意为“直到,才”,其前的谓语动词需用瞬间性动词;用,在肯定句中,意为“直到,为止”,其前的谓语动词需用延续性动词。如:,I didn,t leave until my mother came home.,直到我妈妈回家我才离开。,I waited for my mother until she came home.,我一直等到妈妈回家。,9.before和after表示时间,分别意为“在,之前”和“在,之后”。如:,Please bring your homework before ten o,clock.,请于十点前把你们的作业带来。,介词,用法,例句,in,表示在某一范围之内的某方位(属于该范围),Guangzhou is in the south of China.广州位于中,国的南部。,on,表示与某地是毗邻关系,Vietnam is on the south of China.越南位于中国,的南部。,to,表示在某一范围之外的某方位(不属于该范围),Japan lies to the east of China.日本位于中国的,东部。,二、方位介词,1.表示方位的in,on,to,2.over,above和on的用法区别,介词,用法,例句,over,指在,的正上方,表示垂直在上,There is a bridge over the river.河上有座桥。,above,泛指在上方,表面不接触,Raise your arms above your head.把你的手臂举,过你的头。,on,指在上面,表示两个物体接触,There is a plate on the table.桌子上有一个盘,子。,介词,用法,例句,at,表示较小的地点,They arrived late at the bus stop.他们晚到了车,站。,in,表示较大的地点,He lives in China.他住在中国。,on,表示在一个平面上,They are working on the farm.他们正在农场干,活。,3.at,in和on的用法区别,4.in front of,in the front of和before,介词,用法,例句,in front of,表示“在,前面”(范围外),There are some trees in front of the classroom.教,室前面有一些树。,in the front of,表示“在,的前部”(范围内),There is a desk in the front of the classroom.在教,室的前面有一张课桌。,before,所表示的位置关系和in front of相同,表示“在,前,在,前面”,He sits before me.他坐在我前面。,介词,用法,例句,below,表示“在下方或位置低于,”,不一定有垂,直在下之意,The coat reaches below the knees.这件外套到了,膝盖下面。,under,表示“在,正下方”,There are many bikes under the trees.树下有许,多自行车。,5.below和under,三、其他介词,1.by,in和on表出行方式,by:不涉及表示交通工具的名词时用by。如:by sea,by air;涉及表示交通工,具的名词,且该名词为单数形式,前面没有冠词或任何修饰语时用by。如:by,ship,by plane。,on或in:当出行方式涉及特定的交通工具时用on或in,交通工具前应有冠词、形,容词性物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。在开放型或半开放型工具前用on,在封,闭型工具前用in。如:on my bike,in a car。,2.in,with和by表示“用”时的区别,in主要表示“用语言、声音、原材料等”;with表示“用具体有形的东西”;by,表示“用,手段或方式”,后常接动名词。如:,Can you sing this song in English?,你能用英语唱这首歌吗?,I write my homework with a pen.,我用钢笔写作业。,The girl made money by selling flowers.,这个女孩通过卖花赚钱。,3.but,besides和except的区别,but表示“除,之外”,常与含否定意义的词连用;except表示“除,之外,(不再有)”,指从整体中排除except所接的人或物,前面常有all,every,any,no等,但,在否定句中,except却没有排斥性;besides表示“除,之外(还有)”,它的意思,是在原来的基础上加上besides除外的人或物,其前常有other,another,any other,a,few等词。如:,We,ve had nothing but trouble with this car.,我们这辆车净出毛病。,All the students went to the zoo except Jim.,除了吉姆,所有的学生都去动物园了。,I have a few good friends besides you.,除了你之外,我还有几个好朋友。,4.with与without的区别,with意为“和,对,附带,带有”,常用搭配有:with the help of.,play with,talk,with。,without意为“没有”,常用搭配有:without saying a word,without breakfast。,5.of sb.与for sb.的区别,of sb.用于It is+,adj,.+of sb.to do sth.句型中,形容词为clever,kind,nice等描述人物,性格特征的词,of后的人物与形容词有主表关系。,for sb.用于It is+,adj,.+for sb.to do sth.句型中,形容词为easy,important等不描述人,物性格特征的词,for后的人物与形容词没有主表关系。如:,It is kind of you to help me.,谢谢你帮助我。,It is important for us to learn English well.,对我们来说学好英语很重要。,考点二介词的固定搭配,1.介词短语辨析,by mistake错误地,by accident偶然地,by heart用心,in danger在危险中,in trouble处于困境,to one,s surprise使某人吃惊的是,to one,s joy使某人高兴的是,2.be made常见结构,(1)be made in在某地制造,(2)be made of和be made from都可以表示“用,制成”,但be made of强调从,成品上能看出原材料,而be made from则表示从成品上看不出原材料。,(3)be made into被制成,(4)be made up of由,组成,3.be used常见结构,(1)be used to=become used to=get used to习惯(做),后接名词、代词或动名,词。,(2)be used to被用来(做),后接动词原形。,(3)be used for意义相当于be used to do,但for后接动名词形式。,(4)be used as被当作,来使用,(5)be used by被,使用,注意:to既可作动词不定式符号,后接动词原形,也可用作介词,后跟名词、代词,或动名词。在下列词组中to为介词,在使用时应特别注意,后接动词时,需用其动,名词形式。如:,pay attention to注意according to根据,look forward to期望get used to适应,一、单句填空,1.(2019河南)Shall I help you,across,the street,Grandpa?,No,thanks.I can manage it myself.,2.(2019北京)We planted some flowers,in,the garden yesterday.,3.(2019江苏南京),Xinhua,Zidian,or the,New,Chinese,Dictionary,was first pub-,lished,in,1953.,4.(2019山西)Change the information you read into a mind map.,In,this way,you can remember it well and think of it later easily.,中考题组,5.(2019湖北武汉)He wrote his phone number,on,a piece of paper.,6.(2019广东)I think tea will taste better,with,some milk in it.,7.(2019福建)Is that your headmaster?,You mean the man,in,blue?,8.(2019安徽)On sunny days,my grandma often reads a novel,by,the window.,9.(2019湖南长沙)Yesterday our headmaster made a speech,on,environmental,protection,and we learned something about recycling of waste.,10.(2019吉林)Excuse me.Where is the nearest bookstore?,Go,along,Center Street and you,ll find it.,11.(2019甘肃天水)I want to learn a second foreign language,besides,English.,12.(2019河北)This story is,in,simple English.My little sister can read it.,13.(2019内蒙古呼和浩特)Ben was helping his mother when the rain began to beat,heavily,against,the windows.,14.(2019山东青岛)The high-speed train,between,Qingdao and Beijing travels,faster now.The train ride takes only about three hours.,15.(2019浙江温州)The instructions tell us everything,in,detail about how to,make the model ship.,16.(2018河南)I stopped,for,the night in a small village while I was on holiday,in the Himalayas a few years ago.,17.(2018北京)Happy birthday,Peter!Here,s a gift,for,you.,18.(2018天津)In the picture,he sits,beside,me,looking very happy.,19.(2018上海)Karen and Lily will go to Russia to watch the 2018 World Cup,in,July.,20.(2018重庆)I always play basketball to relax myself,on,Saturdays.,21.(2018江苏南京)Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon,on,20 July 1969.,22.(2018广东)How soon will we get the offer from a new high school?,In,about two months.,23.(2018吉林)Do you agree,with,my plan?,Yes,it is wonderful.,24.(2017河南)Father brought his little boy to a concert.But he was too young to sit,through,the whole concert.,二、语篇填空,(2020,河南中考预测,),阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完,整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。,gettheywithyoungpencilspendiffriendcall than,Do you have a mobile phone?Do you send text messages to your friends and fami-,ly?,Text-messaging or“texting”is becoming very popular.Not only students but al-,so adults like talking with,1,by texting.However,scientists have discovered,that texting can give us problems,2,our hands.Be careful!Too much texting,can cause RSI(Repetitive Strain Injury)in our thumbs(,拇指,)and wrists(,手腕,).We,spoke to a doctor,3,Harriet Wilson,who treats many patients with RSI.She,said if we,4,more than 1015 minutes texting each time,we could have prob-,lems in the future.She also said that the,5,patient she had treated was a five-,year-old girl.She had such bad RSI that she couldn,t hold a,6,.,As mobile phones develop,people can do many interesting things on them.We are,7,closer with mobile phones.Texting with a smaller phone is worse,8,us-,ing a larger phone with bigger buttons.Using computers and playing video games,can cause the same problem.So more and more people found,9,with RSI.,10,we don,t do anything about this,too many young people would grow up in ter-,rible pain.,1.,friends,2.,with,3.,called,4.,spent,5.,youngest,6.,pencil,7.,getting,8.,than,9.,themselves,10.,If,一、单句填空,1.(2019河南郑州一模)Mum,why are you so unhappy?,I drove,through,a red light on my way home.A fine ticket is on the way.,2.(2019河南外国语中学一模)A South Korean company produced a kind of new,concept car,Elevate.It has legs and the legs allow the car to climb,over,1.5-,meter-tall walls.,3.(2019河南新乡一模)My little sister was born,on,a sunny morning in June,2,017.,模拟题组,4.(2019河南安阳一模)Wow,what a special toy car!It,s made,of,coins!,Yes,it is.And it,s made,by,my little brother.,5.(2019河南焦作一模)Look,your face is so dirty.What,s the matter?,Let me look,in,the mirror.I was busy painting my room.,6.(2019河南平顶山一模)The tall building stands in a quiet place,off,the main,road.,7.(2019河南商丘一模)Could you give me some advice on how to learn math,well?,Of course,but nothing can be done well,without,hard work.,8.(2019河南中原名校中考第一次大联考)Running 30 minutes every day not only,keeps us,from,gaining weight,but also cuts down the pressure from work.,9.(2019河南中原名校中考第二次大联考)After the program,Chinese,Poetry,Con-,ference,was shown on TV,we can see many people learning poems,across,the,country.,10.(2019河南百校联盟大联考)President Xi said people in the world should build a,community,with,a shared future.,11.(2019河南郑州二模)Let,s go into the classroom,Mike!,After,you,madam.,12.(2018河南开封一模)It,s reported that a lot of adults take lessons online,for,further education.,13.(2018河南信阳一模)Warmly welcome!All my family really hope you can en-,joy yourself,during,your stay in my home.,Oh,thank you so much.I believe I will.,14.(2018河南郑州一模)The housing price in my hometown has increased by two,percent,during,the past two months.,15.(2018河南洛阳二模)It is a nice day,isn,t it?,Yes.We should go sightseeing instead,of,playing computer games at home.,16.(2018河南焦作二模)I didn,t choose the guitar lessons because I have so much,work to do,but it,s,against,my own wishes.,二、语篇填空,(2020河南中考原创),阅读短文,根据语篇要求填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。,Malala Yousafzai is a Pakistani youth activist(活动家).She is the youngest person,in the world ever to be named United Nations(U.N.)Messenger(信使)of Peace.The,United Nations is,1,international organization,which is meant to encourage,countries,2,work together on different opinions without the use of war.,Yousafzai has gladly accepted the role of working for girls,education.Usually,a,messenger stays in the position(职位)for three years.“If you want to see your fu-,ture bright,you have to start working now and not wait,3,anyone else,”she,said at the acceptance meeting in New York.In 2012,Yousafzai was nearly killed,by the Taliban because she worked hard to get the same education for young girls in,Pakistan.But later her condition improved.,4,a brave girl!Since then Yousafzai,5,become a symbol for peace and girls,right to receive an education.,1.,an,2.,to,3.,for,4.,What,5.,has,