动词的语态.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,被动语态,1.,被动语态的构成与种类,2.,被动语态应用的场合,3.,使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题,4.,不能用被动语态的几种情况,5.,主动形式表被动意义,6.,被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况,7.,被动语态与系表结构的区别,8.get+p.p.,结构的用法,9.,1,1.,被动语态的构成与种类,:,当句子的主语是动作的承担者时，谓语用被动语态。,被动语态由助动词,be+,过去分词,构成，时态通过,be,表现出来。,1),一般现在时,:This song,is,often,sung,by the children.,2),一般过去时,:The article,was written,by Mary.,3),一般将来时,:The sports meet,will not be held,next week.,4),现在进行时,:The building,is being built,.,5),过去进行时,:The new tool,was being made,.,6),现在完成时,:No letters,have been received,since Sept.1.,7),过去完成时,:He said that the work,had been finished,.,8),过去将来时,:They said that a meeting,would be held,soon.,2,2.,被动语态应用的场合,:,1),为了强调动作的,执行者,而用,by,修饰时,.,The vase was broken by the boy who lives next door.,2),不知道谁是动作的执行者,或没必要指明谁是动作的执行者,时,.,The book was first published in 1983.,Printing was introduced into Europe from China.,3),需要强调或突出动作的,承受者,或事件本身而不必指明谁是动,作的执行者,.,These children are taken good care of here.,An agreement was arrived at finally.,4),在文章标题、广告、新闻中,.,Its reported that only a few have been lost in the,earthquake.,Girls wanted.(=Girls are wanted.),招女工,The destroyer is reported to have been sunk.,3,2.,被动语态应用的场合,:,5),出于谦虚、礼貌、措辞简练或微妙的感情等方面的考虑，而,避免提及动作的执行者,.,You are wanted on the phone.,All the work must be finished before October.,I was told that the problem had been solved.,4,3.,使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。,1),主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。,My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.,An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.,I was given an interesting book(by my friend)on my birthday.,2),带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时,把主动结构中的宾语,改为主语,宾补保留在谓语后面,.,We always keep the classroom clean./,The classroom is always kept clean.,He let us do the work./We were let do the work.,Notice:,有些动词如,make,see,hear,等,在主动句中作谓语时,宾补是不带,to,的不定式,变为被动语态的主语补足语时,前面,应加上不定式符号,to.,Electricity makes machines run./,Machines are made to run by electricity.,比较,:The boy was last seen swimming in the lake.,5,3.,使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。,归纳,:,宾补可以有下列几种情况,1),宾补为动词不定式，如：,They asked her to sing a song.She was asked,to,sing a song.,在动词,make,see,hear,watch,notice,等之后，不定式的,to,在主动语态里可要省略，而被动语态里不能省，如：,Tom was seen to come out of the lab.,2),宾补为,-ing,-ed,分词，改为被动后不变,:,如：,They heard them singing at the time.They were heard singing at that time.,3),宾补为形容词、副词、名词或介词短语，改为被动后不变,:,如：,She kept me busy all the morning.I was kept busy all the morning.,6,3),情态动词和,be going to,、,be to,、,be sure to,、,used to,、,have to,、,had better,等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为,be+,过去分词。,This machine,can be repaired,in two days.,The problem,must be solved,soon.,The room is going to be painted.,The homework has to be done with care.,7,大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流,可以互相讨论下，但要小声点,8,4),当句子的谓语为,say,、,believe,、,expect,、,think,、,know,、,write,、,consider,、,report,等时，被动语态有两种形式：,（,A,）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。,（,B,）用,it,作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来 表示。如：,People say he is a smart boy.,It is said that he is a smart boy.,He is said to be a smart boy.,People know paper was made in China first.,It is known that paper was made in China first.,Paper was known to be made in China first.,类似句型有：,It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that,9,5),短语动词变被动语态时，不要掉“尾巴”。,The children were taken good care of(by her).,Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.,用于这类被动结构的短语动词有,:,(1),不及物动词,+,介词,:agree to,ask for,call for,laugh at,listen to,look after,operate on,send for,talk about,think of,etc.,(2),及物动词,+,副词,:bring about,carry out,find out,give up,hand in,make out,pass on,point out,put away,put off,take up,think over,turn down,turn out,wipe out,work out,etc.,(3),动词,+,副词,+,介词,:do away with,face up to,give in to,look down upon,make up for,put up with,etc.,(4),动词,+,名词,+,介词,:catch sight of,keep an eye on,make use of,make a fool of,pay attention to,put an end to,set fire/light to,take care of,take hold of,take notice of,etc.,第四种情况可有两种形式的被动结构,.,10,第四种情况可有两种形式的被动结构,.eg:,1)Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.,2)Attention should be paid to your pronunciation and spelling.,11,4.,不能用被动语态的几种情况。,1),所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。,2),表示状态的谓语动词，如：,last,、,hold,、,benefit,、,contain,、,equal,、,fit,、,join,、,mean,、,cost,、,look like,、,consist to,等。,3),表示归属的动词，如,have,、,own,、,belong to,等。,4),表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：,wish,、,want,、,hope,、,like,、,love,、,hate,等。,5),宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。,6),宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。,7),有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的动词有,sell,、,write,、,wash,、,open,、,lock,等,(,此时,句中常会有一些表示性质或动作特征的副词,.,如,:well,badly,easily,hard,difficultly,等,),。,12,5.,主动形式表被动意义。,1),当,feel,、,look,、,smell,、,taste,、,sound,等后面接形容词时；当,cut,、,read,、,sell,、,wear,、,write,等词带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。,This kind of cloth washes easily.,这种布易洗。,These novels wont sell well.,这些小说不畅销。,My pen writes smoothly.,我的钢笔写起来很流畅。,The door wont lock.,门锁不上。,The fish smells good.,鱼闻起来香。,2),当,break out,、,take place,、,shut off,、,turn off,、,work out,等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。,The plan worked out successfully.,The lamps on the wall turn off.,13,5.,主动形式表被动意义。,3)want,require,need,demand,request,后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。,4)be worth doing,用主动形式表示被动含义。,5),在“,be+,形容词,+to do”,中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。,This kind of water isnt fit to drink.,The girl isnt easy to get along with.,另外：,be to blame(,受谴责,),，,be to rent,（出租）也用主动形式表被动。,14,6.,被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。,1)be seated,坐着,He is seated on a bench.,（,He seats himself on a bench.,）坐在凳子上。,2)be hidden,躲藏,He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.),他藏在门后。,3)be lost,迷路,4)be drunk,喝醉,5)be dressed(in sth),穿着,The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.,15,7.,被动语态与系表结构的区别,被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语的特点或状态。如：,The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(,被动语态,),The book is well sold.(,系表结构,),16,8.get+p.p.,结构的用法,get,可用作连系动词,和过去分词连用构成被动语态,多用于口语,.,且其后不用“,+,执行者”,本结构主要用来表示状态或结果,常见的场合有,:,(1),突然、偶然、意外发生的事。,The student got hurt on his way home from school.,(2),表示反身行为而非被动行为。,I have to get dressed before 8 oclock.,(3),表示说话者强调的动作。,Bassanio and Portia arranged to get married.,17,