高三一轮复习-主语从句.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Grammar:,Noun clauses as the subject,What is subject?,David arrived last night.,Who is speaking,please?,Two will be enough.,Looking up all the new words in the dictionary took him a lot of time.,To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work.,How to do well is an important question.,What has happened proves that our policy is right.,Underline the subjects in the following sentences.,n.,pron,.,num.,to do,v-ing,phrase,sentence,subject clause,Find all the examples in the reading passage where noun clauses are used as the subject.,(,),(,),(,),(,),(,(,),(,),(,),),(,),(,),名词性从句：,名词性从句的功能：,名词性从句的类型：,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。,名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组。,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为,主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,主语从句在复合句中作句子的主语。引导主语从句的词有,从属连词,:,that,whether,if,；,连接代词,:,who,whoever,whom,what,whatever,whose,which,；,连接副词,:,when,where,how,why,等。,观察下列例句，指出其中所包含的主语,从句及引导词,:,1.What is needed for a long trip is careful preparation.,该句中主语从句是,_,，引导词为,_,。,What is needed for a,what,long trip,2.That Jay Zhou will come to my city excites everybody.,该句中主语从句是,_,_,，引导词为,_,。,3.Whether we will travel abroad or not has not been decided.,该句中主语从句是,_,_,，引导词为,_,。,That Jay Zhou will,Whether we will,come to my city,that,travel abroad or not,whether,4.Whoever knows the secret mustnt tell others.,该句中主语从句是,_,_,，引导词为,_,。,5.It remains a puzzle why dinosaurs died out suddenly long time ago.,该句中主语从句是,_,_,，引导词为,_,。,Whoever knows the,whoever,why dinosaurs died,why,secret,out suddenly long time ago,【观察总结,】,第,5,句中的主语从句似乎比较隐蔽。其实，这也是主语从句的一种呈现方式，即：当一个句子主语过长时，可以用,it,作形式主语，而把真正的主语或主语从句后移至句子末尾，以保持句子的平衡。注意观察下列例句中的划线部分：,It is not clear,how the accident happened,.,It is a pity,that you should have made such a careless mistake,.,It happened that I didnt bring the key with me.,It is reported,that more than thirty deaths were caused in the accident,.,不难看出，虽然上面例句中都用,it,作形式主语，但句子结构却不尽相同。现将常见的由,it,作形式主语的句型总结如下：,1.It be+,n.,+that,从句,2.It be+,adj.,+that,从句，常见此类形容词有：,important,necessary,clear,certain,natural,strange,obvious,likely,impossible,possible,等。,3.It+,不及物动词,+that,从句,It occurred to sb,.that.,某人想起,It happened(to sb.)that.,（某人）碰巧,4.It+be+v-ed,+,主语从句,It is said/reported/believed/suggested/known/proved that.,【要点精讲,】,1.what,与,that,引导主语从句,观察下列例句，试着翻译例句并总结其规律。,(1)What you lack is self-confidence.,译为：,_,你所缺乏的是自信。,(2)That more and more students are admitted into universities is true.,译为：,_,_,(3)What is needed for the program is more wisdom.,译为：,_,这个项目所需要的是更多的智慧。,越来越多的学生将被大学录取的消息是真实的。,从上面例句可以看出，,that,引导,主语,从句时，在句中具有“两不”原则：,一、引导从句；,二、,不作,句子成分；,三、,没有,实际意义。,而,what,引导的从句则恰恰相反，,what,在从句中的作用为：,一、引导从句；,二、作句子成分；,三、有具体的意义。,【巩固练习,】,用,what,或,that,填空。,(1)_ he told us this morning was just a lie.,(2)_ is important to us is enough time.,(3)It worries my mom _ she is beginning to get a little fat.,(4)_ we cant get seems better than _ we have.,What,What,that,What,what,2.,whether,与,if,引导主语从句,whether,与,if,引导主语从句位于句中有时可换用。但在下列情况下用,whether,不用,if,：,(1),主语从句位于句首时；,(2),从句后有,or,或紧跟,or not,时。,【巩固练习,】,用,whether,或,if,填空。,(1)It doesnt matter _ he will come or not.,(2)_ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.,(3)It was doubtful _ Tom really saw Sharon.,(4)_ Tom really saw Sharon was doubtful.,whether/if,Whether,whether/if,Whether,3.,其它引导词,连接代词,who,which,whom,whose,有各自的具体意义，起连接作用，同时在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等；,whoever,whatever,whichever,在意义上更为强调，常译为“无论,”,；连接副词,when,where,why,how,等也有各自的意义，起连接作用，并在从句中作状语。,【常见错误展示,】,下列各句均有一处错误，请改正并分析错误的原因。,1.Light travels faster than sound is common knowledge.,That,that,虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能省略。,if,whether,都可表示“是否”,但,if,不能引导句首主语从句。,2.If shes coming or not doesnt matter much.,Whether shes coming or not doesnt,3.What were your problems a year ago has now become mine.,has,要改为,have,。主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语要用复数形式。,have,4.That the professor said is of great importance.,5.Where will the trees be planted has,not been decided.,What,that,引导主语从句时无词义。,What the professor said,表示“教授所说的话”。,将,will,置于,trees,之后。主语从句要用陈述句语序。,6.No matter who breaks the rule will be punished.,7.When and where the meeting will be held still remain a question.,引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引导名词性从句时只能用,whoever,。,Whoever,主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用单数形式。,remains,Rewrite the following sentences with noun clauses as the subject.,1.His discovery has not yet been proved.,2.Do the other astronomers accept his,ideas?It remains a question.,What has not yet been proved is his discovery.,Whether the other astronomers accept his ideas remains a question.,3.The first appearance of life on earth is,still a mystery to scientists.,4.Why is the earth becoming warmer?It,is an important topic for research.,How life first appeared on earth is still a mystery to scientists.,Why the earth is becoming warmer is an important topic for research.,5.Stephen Hawking at 65 experienced zero,gravity during a flight.It amazed,everybody.,6.Pluto is no longer considered a planet in,our solar system.What a surprise!,It amazed everybody that Stephen Hawking at 65 experienced zero gravity during a flight.,It is a surprise that Pluto is no longer considered a planet in our solar system.,All of life is an act of letting go,but what hurts the most is not taking a moment to say goodbye.,人生就是不断地放下，,但最令人痛心的是，,我们来不及好好告别。,Line from the film Life of Pi,Enjoy more clauses used as the subject.,subject clause,Its rare that I find someone so non-patronizing.,Line from the film Zootopia,subject clause,What pains us trains us.,What doesnt kill us makes us stronger.,What hurts us the most teaches us the best.,使我们痛苦的东西在真正锻造我们。,没有要我们命的事情让我们更强大。,伤害我们最深的教会我们最多。,subject clauses,用适当的连接词补全下面的对话。,Lucy:Why are you looking so happy?,Jenny:Ive just attended a lecture._ the speaker said made me excited.,Lucy:What was it about?,Jenny:About health.It seems _ a lot of people dont know how to keep healthy.,What,that,Exercises,Lucy:Sounds great._ Im concerned about is my health condition at the moment.But what should I do to be healthy?,Jenny:_ you will stay healthy depends on two factors exercise and diet.,Lucy:You know I always do some running on the road every night.,What,Whether,Jenny:Whether you take exercise is one thing,but _ you take exercise is quite another.You shouldnt run at night because it will affect your sleep.Besides,_ you do your running isnt favorable.You should run in the park instead of on the road.,when,where,Lucy:I see.I can see it is important _ now I have to change my bad habits.,Jenny:Also,you must be careful with your diet.Its well-known _ we are what we eat.So you should eat more vegetables.,Lucy:Youre right.In fact I always eat too much meat.But I will change myself.,that,that,用适当的连接词填空。,1._ will be sent to carry out the task hasnt been settled.,2.It doesnt matter _ it turns out,to be a good idea or a bad idea.,3._ well do is leave a note for Mum to tell her we wont be back till late.,4._ John will arrive is unknown.Maybe two hours later.,5.Its possible _ he hasnt received the letter.,Who,whether/if,What,When,that,Thank you!,