第二版新视野大学英语第四册读写教程unit5课件资料.ppt

4,5,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,N H C E,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,N H C E,4,5,第二版新视野大学英语第四册读写教程unit5课件,Background Information,Text Study,Summary,Writing,Lead-in,Warming Up,Look at some pictures.,Can you divide them into different groups?,social/gregarious animals,bees,ants,elephants,primate animals,solitary animals,turtles,tigers,spiders,What about human being?,Our topic today is“,living alone,”.Like it or not,it is true of the American life that many people live alone.For most of them,living alone is a compelled choice,whereas,for some others,it is a matter of preference.Do you choose to live in solitude?Why or Why not?,Back,Background Information,1.,Henry David Thoreau(1817-1862),Henry David Thoreau was a,US,thinker,essayist,and naturalist.Thoreau graduated from Harvard University and taught school for several years before leaving his job to become a poet of nature.In the years 1845-1847,to demonstrate how satisfying a simple life could be,he lived in a hut beside Concords Walden Pond;essays recording his daily life were assembled for his masterwork,Walden,or Life in the Woods,(1854).,Background Information,Back,2.,John Milton(1608-1674),John Milton wa,s an English poet and pamphleteer.He attended the University of Cambridge(1625-1632),where he wrote poems in Latin,Italian,and English.His Paradise Lost(1667,1674),was considered to be the greatest epic poem in English.,Considered the greatest English poet after William Shakespeare,Milton had wide influence on later literature.,Text Study,New Words,Interactive Analysis of Text,Text Study,N H C E,预习,小结,导入,写作,New Words,solitary,a.,独自的；喜欢独处的,tame,v./a.,驯服，控制/温顺的,pond,n.,C,池塘,inspiration,n.,C,U 灵感,solitude,n.,U,独居，孤独,commodity,n.,1.C 必需品 2.C商品，货物,sunlight,n.,U,阳光，日光,benign,a.,善良的，慈祥的，温和的,cushion,n.,C 坐垫，垫子,creep,vi.,潜行；蹑手蹑脚地移动,Back,New Words,poetry,n.,U诗，诗歌,dictate,v.,1.口述；口授 2.命令；指使,kettle,n.,C,水壶,priest,n.,1.代表人物 2.神父；牧师,reliance,n.,U依靠；依赖,self-reliance,n.,U,自立；自力更生,hut,n.,C,小屋,axe,n.,C,斧子,saucer,n.,C,茶托；茶碟,laundry,n.,1.U,待洗或刚洗好的衣物,2.C,洗衣店,Back,New Words,c,ompanionable,a.,友善的，友好的,ego,n.,1.自我 2.自我价值感,humble,a.,1.谦逊/谦虚的 2.地位/身份低下的,inadequate,a.,不充分的，不充足的,plural,a./n.,复数的/复数形式,apology,n.,C 道歉,soak,v.,长时间泡浴,/,使湿透，浸湿,pint,n.,C 品脱（液量单位）,waterproof,a.,防水的，不透水的,slippery,a.,滑的,Back,New Words,observation,n.,C,U 评论/观察；注意,choke,v.,1.,说不出话来,2.,（使）窒息；,parcel,n.,C,包裹,parrot,n.,C鹦鹉,sportsman,n.,C,运动员,skate,vi.,溜冰，滑冰,skater,n.,C,溜冰者，滑冰者,self-centered,a.,自我为中心的，自私的,seal,vi.,封；密封,Back,Phrases and expressions,on purpose,故意，特意,cast out,赶走，驱逐,speak highly of,对,给与高度评价；赞扬,seek out,找到；找出,set forth,出发，动身,stretch out,1.,拉伸，拉长,2.,躺平，舒展,back up,1.,（使）积压；（使）拥塞,2.,支持,at length,1.,长久的；详尽的,2.,最终；终于,in line,（排）成一行；（排）成一队,settle down,（使）安定下来,Back,for the time being,暂时，眼下,might as well,只是；还是,为好,Proper Names,Thoreau,梭罗,(,美国作家,),Dorothy Wordsworth,多萝西.华兹华斯（人名）,William,威廉,(,英国诗人,),Milton,弥尔顿（英国诗人）,Walden Pond,瓦尔登湖,Melissa,梅利莎（人名）,Back,Phrases and expressions,Detailed Study of Text,Back,Choose to Be Alone on Purpose,Para 1,Here we are,all by ourselves,all 22 million of us,by rec,e,nt count,alone in our rooms,some of us liking it that way and some of us not.Some of us divorced,some widowed,some never yet committed.,句型,Detailed Study of Text,Back,Para 2,Loneliness may be a sort of national disease here,and its more embarrassing for us to admit than any other sin.On the other hand,to be alone on purpose,having rejected company rather than been,cast out,by it,is one characteristic of an American hero.The solitary hunter or explorer needs no one as they venture out among the deer and wolves to tame the great wild areas.Thoreau,alone in his cabin on the pond,his back deliberately turned to the town.Now,thats character for you.,句型,Detailed Study of Text,Back,Para,3,Inspiration in solitude is a major commodity for poets and philosophers.Theyre all for it.They all speak highly of themselves for,seeking it out,at least for an hour or even two before they hurry home for tea.,Detailed Study of Text,Back,Para,4,Consider Dorothy Wordsworth,for instance,helping her brother William put on his coat,finding his notebook and pencil for him,and waving as he,sets forth,into the early spring sunlight to look at flowers all by himself.,“How graceful,how benign,is solitude,”he wrote.,Para 5,No doubt about it,solitude is improved by being voluntary.,句型,Detailed Study of Text,Back,Para 6,Look at Miltons daughters arranging his cushions and blankets before they silently creep away,so he can create poetry.Then,rather than trouble to put it in his own handwriting,he calls the girls to come back and write it down while he dictates.,句型,Detailed Study of Text,Back,Para 7,You may have noticed that most of these artistic types went outdoors to be alone.The indoors was full of loved ones keeping the kettle warm till they came home.,Detailed Study of Text,Back,Para 8,The American high priest of solitude was Thoreau.We admire him,not for his self-reliance,but because he was all by himself out there at Walden Pond,and he wanted to be all alone in the woods.,句型,Walden Pond,A Statue of Thoreau,Detailed Study of Text,Back,Para 9a,Actually,he lived a mile,or 20 minutes walk,from his nearest neighbor;half a mile from the railroad;three hundred yards from a busy road.He had company in and out of the hut all day,asking him how he could possibly be so noble.,Detailed Study of Text,Back,Para 9b,Apparently the main point of his nobility was that he had neither wife nor servants,used his own axe to chop his own wood,and washed his own cups and saucers.I dont know who did his laundry;he doesnt say,but he certainly doesnt mention doing his own,either.Listen to him:“I never found the companion that was so companionable as solitude.”,句型,Detailed Study of Text,Back,Para 10,Thoreau had his own self-importance for company.Perhaps theres a message here:The larger the ego,the less the need for other egos around.The more modest and humble we feel,the more we suffer from solitude,feeling ourselves inadequate company.,Detailed Study of Text,Back,Para 11a,If you live with other people,their temporary absence can be refreshing.Solitude will end on Thursday.If today I use a singular personal pronoun to refer to myself,next week I will use the plural form.,Detailed Study of Text,Back,Para 11b,While the others are absent you can,stretch out,your soul until it,fills up,the whole room,and use your freedom,coming and going as you please without apology,staying up late to read,soaking in the bath,eating a whole pint of ice cream,at one sitting,moving at your own pace.Those absent will be back.Their waterproof winter coats are in the closet and the dog keeps watching for them at the window.,Detailed Study of Text,Back,Para 11c,But when you live alone,the temporary absence of your friends and acquaintances leaves a vacuum;they may never come back.,Detailed Study of Text,Back,Para 12,The condition of loneliness rises and falls,but the need to talk goes on forever.Its more basic than needing to listen.Oh,we all have friends we can tell important things to,people we can call to say we lost our job or fell on a slippery floor and broke our arm.Its the daily succession of small complaints and observations and opinions that,backs up,and chokes us.We cant really call a friend to say we got a parcel from our sister,or its getting dark earlier now,or we dont trust that new Supreme Court justice.,句型,Detailed Study of Text,Para,13a,Scientific surveys show that we who live alone talk at length to ourselves and our pets and the television.We ask the cat whether we should wear the blue suit or the yellow dress.We ask the parrot if we should prepare steak,or noodles,for dinner.We argue with ourselves over who is the greater sportsman:that figure skater or this skier.,Detailed Study of Text,Para,13b,Theres nothing wrong with this.Its good for us,and a lot less embarrassing than the woman in front of us in line at the market whos telling the cashier that her niece Melissa may be coming to visit on Saturday,and Melissa is very fond of hot chocolate,which is why she bought the powdered hot chocolate mix,though she never drinks it herself.,Detailed Study of Text,Para 14,Its important to stay rational.,Para 15,Its important to stop waiting and,settle down,and make ourselves comfortable,at least temporarily,and find some grace and pleasure in our condition,not like a self-centered British poet but like a patient princess,sealed up,in a tower,waiting for the happy ending to our fairy tale.,Detailed Study of Text,Para 16,After all,here we are.It may not be where we expected to be,but for the time being we might as well call it home.Anyway,there is no place like home.,Main Idea&Structure,Main idea:,The text focuses on a social phenomenon choosing to be alone on purpose,what people think of living alone,who prefers living alone,the life of the solitary people,and what the writer advises for living alone.,Structure?,Choose to Be Alone on Purpose,Part 1(Para.1),As a social trend,lots of people are living alone.,Loneliness:a sort of social disease but a,characteristic,of an American hero.,Part 3,(Paras.3-10),Poets&philosophers,prefer living alone.Examples?,Part 4,(Paras.11-16),The authors comments&advice on living in solitude,Part 2(Para.2),II.Question Answering,Why is loneliness a sort of,national disease in the US?,Because there are altogether 22 million of people living alone in,their rooms in the US.,Text StudyUnderstanding,2.Why do poets like solitude?,Because they get inspiration from it,and they feel good about themselves,for seeking it out.,Text StudyUnderstanding,3.What can be learned from Thoreaus,choice of the solitary way of life?,The more positive one is toward oneself,the less the need for staying with others.,Text StudyUnderstanding,4.Why is it important for a person,living alone to talk to others?,Because it is a basic need of a solitary person.,Text StudyUnderstanding,5.Who may the person living in solitude talk to?,They may call friends to tell them important things,or talk to himself,his pets,the television,or even to,strangers in the supermarket.,Text StudyUnderstanding,Focus Study,Notes to the TextFocus Study,all 22 million of us,by,recent,count,by count:by calculating the number,我们数了一下，这是你吃的第五块蛋糕。,根据最近的统计，越来越多的金融界精英正在从华尔街转向中国大陆。,By our count,thats the fifth cake youve eaten.,By recent account,an increasing number of elites in financial circles are shifting from the Wall Street to Chinese mainland.,2.to cast out/throw out/expel sb.,N H C E,抛弃,/,驱逐某人,:,篮球队将放弃任何不能适应该队风格的球员。,to fit in with,The basketball team will cast out whoever does not fit in with its style.,Notes to the TextFocus Study,3.They,re,all,for,it.,be for:support;be in favor of,Im for the chairmans plan.,我完全拥护男女平等，但是我不想让我妻子工作。,我赞成主席的计划。,Im all for sexual equality but I dont want my wife to work.,Notes to the TextFocus Study,4.They all speak highly of themselves for,seek,ing it,out,.,seek out,找出,/,搜寻出,他从网上搜索到的东西与其说和专业有关，倒不如说和社交有关。,seek out sth.from online/have not so much relation to A as to B/social contact,What he has sought out from online has not so much relation to his specialty as to social contact.,5.to set forth,N H C E,动身阐述,独立宣言,中说，所有人生来就被赋予了一些不可剥夺的权利，其中有生命权，自由权及追求幸福的权利。,The Declaration of Independence/be endowed with/certain unalienable rights,In The Declaration of Independence,it is set forth that all men are endowed with certain unalienable rights:life,liberty and the pursuit of happiness.,Thoreau had his own self-importance,for company.,(L38),The reason for Thoreaus holy life was the thought that he was more important than other people,which accompanied him and helped expel the disturbance from the world outside.,6.to stretch out,N H C E,放松,;,伸出,;,延长,:,在经济不景气的时候，人们往往会购买廉价商品为了能够使自己的钱坚持到困难时期结束。,in an economic recession/trade down/in order that/stretch sth.out to the end of,In an economic recession,people often trade down in order that they can stretch their money out to the end of the hard time.,勉强去做那些做不到的事情,:,伸展身体,;,尽最大的努力,:,说过分点；言过其实：,娱记们往往擅长夸大事实来吸引更多的眼球。,to stretch for the,impossible,to stretch oneself,to stretch the truth/fact,entertainment reporters/be good at doing sth./stretch the facts/catch ones eyes,Entertainment reporters,more often than not,are good at stretching the facts to catch more eyes.,7.to fill up,N H C E,装满，占满,当股指上升时，股票交易所充满了欢乐和喝彩声。,stock index/be on the rise/stock exchange,Joy fills up the stock exchange when the stock index is on the rise.,8.at one sitting(go/stretch)/in one breath(move)/with one single effort,N H C E,一口气（地）,正如一口吃不成个胖子一样，成功不能一蹴而就。,grow fat/be attained with,Just as no one grow fat at one sitting,no success can be attained with one single effort.,9.,-proof,protecting against the damaging effect of sth.else,waterproof watches,a bulletproof car,a soundproof room,airproof pipes,provide risk-proof services,防水手表,防弹汽车,隔音的房间,密封的管道,提供风险防范服务,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,Collocation,But when you live alone,the temporary absence of your friends and acquaintances,leaves a vacuum;they may never come back.,(L47),But if you live alone and your friends and acquaintances leave for the time being,you will have the feeling of emptiness,and they may never come back.,N H C E,10.,一个人的事业有高潮也有低潮，但他对幸福的追求是永恒的。,rise and fall/pursuit of happiness,Ones career may rise and fall,but ones pursuit of happiness goes on forever.,11.to back up,N H C E,（使）积压；（使）拥塞；支持：,压抑在心头的想法，特别是情感，需要发泄。否则，就可能变成心理问题。,need an outlet/grow into a mental problem,What has backed up in ones mind,，,especially emotions,needs an outlet;otherwise,it may grow into a mental problem.,While,loneliness is very common in the U.S.,few people care to admit to it because it is perceived as,(1),_.It is seen as admirable for American heroes to bravely go alone into the wilderness,and for poets and philosophers,(2),_,.Some poets and philosophers,like William Wordsworth and John Milton and Henry David Thoreau,enjoy,(3,),_.When an individual,some sort of social disease,to seek out solitude,inspiration from solitude,Summary,Text StudySummary,is not solitary out of choice,the experience is,(4),_,.It is,(5),_ to talk to someone not only about the big things but also about the little daily things.As a consequence,lonely people will talk about the little things to themselves,the cat,the dog and,(6),_,to total strangers.Therefore,its important for ordinary people to,(7),_,make themselves comfortable at least temporarily,and find some grace and pleasure in their home.,both less enjoyable and productive,our basic need,most embarrassingly,stay rational,Text StudySummary,Old to New,alone;lonely,poems in general,not great or important,highest in rank/degree,fairness,start a journey,block up;support,have a great liking for,solitary,poetry,humble,supreme,justice,set forth/out/off,back up,be fond of,Words and ExpressionsOld to New,独自地,根据最近的统计,一种民族弊病,另一方面,冒险出去,征服大自然,all by oneself,by recent c