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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。,Discovering useful words and expressions,1.Replace the underlined part,Bill felt great,pleasure,when he,tried,his new fax machine and it worked.,He felt,pity,for Claire because she was overweight and needed to lose about five kilos to look slim.,Even though Jane told him many times to,go away,her brother still accompanied her to the doctor.,Her greatest,wish,was to look as elegant as Gladys Claffern.,Please,call,me before you buy a new digital camera so I can go with you.,She,looked,at,the computer screen carefully hoping to find some new emails in her mailbox.,It was,ridiculous,that his own mother would not talk to him about the affair.,He felt happy when his boss,stated,that he could set aside some time for exercise.,satisfaction,tested out,sympathy,leave alone,desire,ringup,scanned,absurd,declared,1/63,2.Complete the following passage.,(News,16/04/2321)Historical research shows that in the 22,nd,century many people told stories about how,at one time,people could buy robots as house decorators.The robots would _ the literature for the latest ideas in home decoration.Often the robots would _ designs that were grander than their owners wanted.Brightly colourd _ and _ would be suggested together with brightly patterned walls can carpets.Some of the _ in the shop thought that the designs were _.While some owners were firm with their robots suggestions,others would _ and walk out of the shop,feeling embarrassed.A few other robots would even get into physical fights with their owner in public as their electrical system sometimes would set off the shops _.After a while the government decided such behavior was not appropriate and passed a law _ robots should not leave the house.So robots became household cleaners or industrial workers instead!,scan,favour,cushions/beddings,beddings/cushions,clerks,awful,turn around,alarms,declaring,2/63,Revising useful structures,Ex.1,be tested out,be harmed,be offered,was amazed,was not allowed,be discovered,be completely transformed,were impressed,be envied,be rebuilt,Ex.2,The companys new car is going _ in the coming months.,Since Claire had become attached to Tony,the robot needed _.,Tim refused _ by his father when he went for a haircut.,The desire _ a great writer inspires many young authors.,He felt it absurd _ hatred for someone he had never met.,The new product is available _ by interested customers.,She was very beautiful but she did not like _ by so many people.,Since these aprons are such poor quality,they need _ and taken back to the shop.,to be designed,to be rebuilt,to be accompanied,to be known as,to be filled with,to be tested out,to be set aside,to be envied,3/63,Ex.3,One the morning of December 19th,Marion began to writer her cards for Christmas.There were so many.She looked at the list of Christmas cards that she planned to send.They _ in the alphabetical order of the receivers family names.There were sixty in all.The cards would _ into six piles of ten.She planned to write a few every afternoon because from then on until Christmas her time would _ into shopping,cooking as well as writing the cards.But that afternoon there would be no time for cards.She was going to learn how to display flowers beautifully.She was _ by her neighbor,Sally.They _ to a community programme.Then on Christmas Day their families would _ by lovely flower displays,special cuisine,excellent presents,and above all family affection.Marion _ to her family and enjoyed making them happy.Thinking of that she sighed happily and began to write the first card.,were listed,be divided,be organized,to be accompanied,were connected,be surrounded,was attached,4/63,Revision of,Passive Voice,Grammar,5/63,My mother,felt,alarmed,when I had my hair coloured purple.,My mother,was,alarmed,when I had my hair coloured purple.,Look at the sentences.,Is this a passive sentence?,No!,6/63,使用被动语态情况,1.我们不知道或没有必要说明动作执,行者是谁时候(这时不带by引发短语)。,Printing,was introduced,to Europe from,China.(省略了by短语。）,Look!There is nothing here.Everything,has been taken,away.(省略了by短语。）,7/63,2.当我们出于礼貌、措辞圆通等方面,考虑不愿说出动作执行者是谁时。,You,are requested,to give a performance.,You,are,cordially(真挚地),invited,to a,party to be given at the Teachers Club,at 3 p.m.Nov.23.,3.当我们强调或兴趣在动作承受者,时(这时可带by引发短语)。,The song,was composed,（,组成;写作）,by a student.,A good time,was had,by all.,8/63,被动语态由be过去分词组成，be随时,态改变而改变。以give为例，各种时,态被动语态形式为：,普通现在时：am/is/aregiven,【例句】,The first section of New College,English,is designed,for speaking practice,and,is based,on pictures and topics.,被动语态组成,9/63,普通过去时：was/weregiven,【例句】,These computers,were made,in our own country.,普通未来时：will/shall begiven,【例句】,Shall we,be asked,to attend the opening ceremony?,10/63,Sir Denis,who is 78,has made it,known that much of his collection _to,the nation.(CET-4 1996),A.has left B.is to leave,C.leaves D.is to be left,本句意思为：78岁Denis先生申明他将,把他大多数收藏品留给国家。所以,leave应用普通未来时被动形式。普通,未来时能够用来be to do sth来表示，所以答案为,D,。,11/63,过去未来时：would begiven,The news,would be sent,to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.,现在进行时：am/is/are beinggiven,The machine is being repaired in the workshop.The fifth generation computers,with artificial intelligence,are _and perfected now.,A.developed B.have developed,C.are being developed D.will have been developed,本句测试点是动词时态和语态develop和perfect是两个并列谓语动词，perfect 用是被动形式，develop也应该用被动形式，而且句子时间状语为now，故develop应用现在进行时被动语态，答案为,C,。,12/63,过去进行时：was/were beinggiven,【例句】,The feast,was being prepared,when the birds arrived in the sky,现在完成时：have/has beengiven,【例句】,Swift progress,has also been made,in culture and education.,13/63,过去完成时：had beengiven,【例句】,The huge bridge,had been damaged,before the World War.,未来完成时：will/shall have beengiven,【例句】,The book,will have been published,by the end of next month.,14/63,含有情态动词动词变成被动语态：情态动词+be+过去分词,This problem,can be solved,.,这问题可处理。,Whats done,cannot be undone,.,覆水难收。,15/63,George might,be sent to,America by his,company in August.,企业可能八月份派乔治去美国。,或类似结构（be going to,have to 等）,变成被动语态：,This room,is going to be painted,next week.,这个房间下周粉刷。,Go away!I want,to be left,alone.,走开！我想独自待一会儿。,16/63,1.有些动词能够有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，能够把主动结构中一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语依然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语是间接宾语(指人宾语）。,一些特殊被动语态,They didnt offer Ann the job.,Ann,wasnt offered,the job.,安未得到这份工作。,17/63,2.在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加 to。,They make her,clean the floor.,She is made,to clean,the floor by them.,18/63,3.Itbe过去分词that从句 (=主语be过去分词to do sth),表示：听说/据报道/据悉/据信等。例：,听说这个男孩已经经过了这次全国性测试。,It is said that,the boy has passed the,national exam.,The boy,is said to,have passed the,national exam.,19/63,但：It _that there was a car,over there.,A.so happened,B.so happens,C.is so happened,D.was so happened,答案：,A.,happen 是不及物动词，无被动语态。,20/63,4.be supposed to,(suppose:vt.推想;假设;猜测),supposed:假定;推测;意图,(1)听说,（,=be said to),如：,Lets go and see that film.Its,supposed,to,be very good.,我们一起去看那电影好吗?人们都说它,不错。,21/63,(2),计划、安排,如：,Id better hurry.Its nearly 8 oclock.,I,m supposed,to,be meeting Tom at 8:15.,我要快些了。现在差不多8点钟了。,我8点一刻去接汤姆。,(3)be not supposed to,表示“不允许”,如：,You,are not supposed to,park here.这儿不允许停车。,22/63,动词get代替be.（get往往用在口语,中。）,酒馆里发生了打斗，幸好无人受伤。,There was a fight at the pub,but,fortunately nobody,got(=was)hurt,.,23/63,get+done 同 be+done 区分：,get done 往往表示行为不是计划之中，而是意外发生。如：,The dog,got run,over by a car.,狗被汽车辗死了。,24/63,1.一些感官动词加形容词及少数其它动,词能够表示被动意义。,cook,smell,taste,wash,write,shut,prove,sell,read,write,The dish,tastes,delicious.,The theory,proved,right at last.,The book is so interesting that it,sells,well.,不能够变成被动语态,25/63,The book is so interesting that it,sells,well.,“sells”此处为不及物动词“销售起来;有销,路”意思；作及物动词为“卖;出售”）,This kind of cloth,washes well,.(耐洗),Need+V-ing 表示“主语承受动词,发出动作”，表示被动意义。,我车需要修理。,My car needs repairing,(=to be,repaired).,26/63,beg,equal,fail,hold,possess,fit，,become,contain,cost,fit,have，,lack,resemble(相同),suit,等。,This new English-Chinese dictionary,cost,me ten dollars.,3.一些表示,状态或者特征,及物动词,没有被动语态形式。这类动词常见有：,27/63,如：战争暴发了。,能够说：The war broke out.,但不能说：The war was broke out.,4.通常只有及物动词（组）才有被动语态，不及物动词没有。,28/63,“be过去分词”,这个结构并不都是被动语态，也可能是系表结构。被动语态与系表结构主要区分是：,被动结构表示一个动作，而系表结构表示主语特点或所处状态，,试比较下面句子：,被动结构与系表结构区分,29/63,被动结构,The enemy,was soon surrounded,by us.,系表结构,The house,is surrounded,by trees.,被动结构,She,was bitten,by the dog in the darkness.,系表结构,I,was excited,by the news that my husband,got promoted.,30/63,1.Old McDonald gave up smoking for a,while,but soon _ to his old ways.,A.returned B.returns C.was returning D.had returned,In some parts of the world,tea _,with milk and sugar.,A.is serving B.is served C.serves D.served,练习,31/63,3.The new dictionaries are very useful.,They _ well and _ already.,A.sell,have been sold out B.sold,had sold out C.sell,sell out,D.are sold,have been sold out,4.The train _ arrive at 11:30,but it,was an hour late.,A.was about to B.was likely to C.was supposed to D.was certain to,32/63,5.This dictionary mustnt _ from the,library.,A.take away B.taken away,C.are taken away D.be taken away,6.My shoes _.I went out for a new,pair.,A.is worn out B.wore out,C.were worn off D.were worn out,33/63,7.That kind of shirts _ cotton.A.is made from,B.are made from,C.is made of,D.are made of,8.Rice _ in South China.,A.growing B.is grown,C.are grown D.is grow,34/63,9.All the preparations for the task _,and were ready to start.,A.completed,B.complete C.had been completed D.have been completed,35/63,10.The teacher told his students that they,_ to be useful men to the country.,A.were all expected B.were all expecting C.all were expected D.all expected,36/63,11.Some of the hotels in my hometown,_.,A.have now been rebuilding,B.are now rebuilding,C.are now being rebuilt,D.are rebuilt now,37/63,用被动语态改换以下各句：,1.My father will repair my bike for me.,My bike will,be repaired,by my father for me.,2.I have found my wallet.,My wallet has,been found,.,3.She told me to wait here for her.,I,was told,to wait here for her.,38/63,4.The police will surely arrest the,murderer.,The murderer will surely,be arrested,by the police.,5.They invited Mr.Green to make a speech.,Mr.Green,was invited,to make a speech.,6.The students clean their classroom every,day.,Their classroom,is cleaned,by the,students every day.,39/63,7.You mustnt take those books out of,the reading-room.,Those books mustnt,be taken,out of the reading-room.,8.I dint tell you the girl could do the job,.,You,werent told,by me that the girl could do the job.,9.Do people speak English in your country?,Is,English,spoken,in your country?,40/63,10.He gave me a present.,I,was given,a present.,A present,was given,to me.,11.Mother often tells her children a story,at bed time.,Children,are,often,told,a story at bed time by mother.,A story,is,often,told,by mother to children at bed time.,41/63,不定式语法,不定式时态和语态,不定式有时态和语态改变，时态共四种，即,普通式、完成式、进行式和完成进行式,。语态分为主动语态和被动语态，以下表所表示。,不定式被动式讲与练,42/63,语态,时态,主动语态,被动语态,普通式,to do,to be done,完成式,to have,done,to have,been done,进行式,to be doing,/,完成进行式,to have,been doing,/,43/63,当动词不定式逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示动作执行者时用主动语态；当动词不定式逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示动作承受者时用被动语态。进行式和完成进行式没有被动语态。,44/63,1,现在时,：普通现在时表示动词，,有时与谓语动词表示动作同时,发生，有时发生在谓语动词动,作之后。,He seems,to know this,.,I hope,to see you,again.,=I hope that Ill see you again.,45/63,2,完成时,：表示动作发生在谓语动,词表示动作之前。,Im sorry,to have given you so much,trouble,.,He seems,to have caught a cold,.,3,进行时：,强调动作已在延续或动作,正在进行。,They seem,to be getting along well,with their new jobs,.,He seems,to be eating something,.,46/63,4,完成进行时：,表示动作是在谓语动,词所表示动作之前就一直在进行。,They are said,to have been collecting,stamps for over twenty years,.,He appears,to have been waiting a,long time,.,47/63,不定式被动形式有以下使用方法,(1)作主语：,It is an honour for me,to be asked,to speak here,.,(2)作宾语：,She asked to,be sent to work in,Xinjiang,.,一 当不定式逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作承受者时，不定式普通要采取被动形式。,48/63,(3)组成复合宾语：,He wanted the letter,to be typed,at once.,She didnt like herself,to be,praised like that,.,(4)组成复合谓语：,The books,are not allowed to,be taken,out of the room.,49/63,(5)作定语：,Are you going to the meeting,to be held,in the teachers office?,(6)作状语：,She was too young,to be assigned,such,work.,50/63,二、,不定式有时还能够有完成式被动式，在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者组成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如：,It is a good thing for him to,have been,criticized,.,（主语）,She preferred to,have been given,heavier work to do,.,(宾语),51/63,He thought it an honour to,have been,invited to the party,.,（复合宾语）,The book is said to,have been translated,into many languages,.,（复合谓语）,She was the first woman to,have been elected to such a post,.,（定语）,52/63,三、不定式主动形式表示被动,1.在there be结构中。,比如：There is a lot of homework,to do,(也可用to be done),There is no time,to lose,(to be lost).,53/63,2.在“npron+be+adj+to do”结构中。惯用形容词有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap，fit，dangerous等。,比如：He is hard,to convince,.,He is an impossible person,to work with,54/63,3.在“tooto do;enoughto”结构中。如：,The problem is,too,difficult,to work out,(to be worked out),The house is big enough,to live in,.,4.在“with+n+to do”结构中。,比如：,With nothing to do,he lay in bed,With so many exercises to do,I cant go to the cinema,55/63,5.当不定式逻辑主语在句中出现时。,比如：I have a letter to type today,Do you have anything to say?,(I是to type逻辑主语),(you是to say逻辑主语),56/63,6.当不定式隐含在for sb to do结构中时。,This is the best book to read,(=for usyou to read),The important thing to do is to lock the door when we leave the house,7.一些作表语用不定式主动形式。,常见这类动词有let(出租),rent，,hire,blame等。,The house is to let I felt I was to blame.,57/63,NOTICE,动词不定式主动语态形式使用要比被动语态形式使用普遍，有时（尤其在口语中）即使意思上是被动，也往往用主动语态形式来表示。,I have three motors,to repair today,.,The task is difficult,to finish on time,.,58/63,1.The dishes need,2.The mail is intended,Sentence making,wash,send,to be washed.,to be sent.,59/63,3.The singer refused,4.The house is,photograph,sell,to be photographed.,to be sold.,60/63,5.The wall is expected,paint,to be painted.,frighten,6.The bird seems,to be frightened.,61/63,1.She hates,_,by her,classmates.,2.Tim refused _ by his,father to school.,3.She struggled _ by the,French visitors.,to be accompanied,to be understood,Fill in the blanks,accompany understand envy,laughed at discuss test,to be laughed at,62/63,4.These are the issues _ tomorrow.,5.The new drug is _ out on,500 patients next year.,6.She was very beautiful but she didnt,like _ by all the girls she,met.,to be tested,to be envied,to be discussed,accompany understand envy,laughed at discuss test,63/63,
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