现代大学英语精读4lesson15公开课获奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Lesson 15,The Damned Human Race,Mark Twain,第1页,Pre-class work:,What do you know about Mark Twain?Can you name some books he wrote?,第2页,The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras Country,卡拉维拉斯县有名跳娃,The Innocents Abroad,傻瓜出国记,A series of newspaper articles after his European trip later was published as this book.It explores the scrupulous individualism in a world of fantastic speculation and unstable values,and gives its name to the get-rich-quick years of the post Civil War era.,The Gilded Age,镀金时代,The Adventures of Tom Sawyer,汤姆,索亚历险记,第3页,The Prince and the Pauper王子和贫儿,The Adventures of Huckberry Finn哈克贝利费恩历险记,In this book,Finn was a boy with“a sound heart and a deformed conscience”.It is one of the best works produced by Mark Twain,and it has always been regarded as one of the great books of western literature and western civilization.Hemingway described it as the book from which“all modern American literature es”.,第4页,About the author:,Mark Twain(1835-1910)was born Samuel Langhorne Clements in Florida,Missouri,but lived as a child in Hannibal,Missouri,on the Mississippi River.He took the pen name Mark Twain from the call of the pilots on the river steamers,which indicated that the water was twelve feet deep,a safe depth for a steamer.During his early years,he worked as a riverboat pilot,newspaper reporter,printer,and gold prospector.But then he turned to writing,and became one of the greatest of American writers.,第5页,第6页,第7页,第8页,His masterpiece:,Innocents Abroad 1869,傻子出国记为通讯集，是马克吐温旅欧报道。写天真无知美国人在欧洲旅游见闻，滑稽、诙谐，体现出美国人在欧洲封建社会傻子出国记为通讯集，是马克吐温旅欧报道。写天真无知美国人在欧洲旅游见闻，滑稽、诙谐，体现出美国人在欧洲封建社会及其印记面前优越感。,The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 1876,本书描写了十九世纪密西西比河畔一种小镇人民生活，可以说是当时美国社会生活一种缩影。小主人公汤姆索亚和他小伙伴幼稚而又认真言行可以给我们很深启示他们讨厌牧师骗人鬼话不喜欢学校枯燥教育与循规蹈矩大人和孩子唱对台戏他们聪颖活泼正直勇敢尤其是在某些重大事件发生时候在正义与邪恶一较劲中在危机来临时刻他们能义无反顾地挺身而出。,第9页,The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1885,本书讲述是一种忍受不了“资产阶级生活方式”和酗酒父亲毒打而离家出走白人孩子哈克，和一种逃亡黑奴吉木，同乘一种木筏，在密西西比河上漂流见闻和遭遇。全面、彻底地揭发资本主义政治所谓“自由和民主”神话。,Life on the Mississippi 1883,The Prince and the Pauper 1882,第10页,His writing style:,hilariously humorous,bitterly satirical,第11页,About the story:,The author writes about ugly human traits and dispositions.In his opinion,human beings are not ascended from the lower animals but descended from the higher animals.,第12页,Detailed Discussion of the Text,Paragraph 1,1.I have been studying the traits and dispositions of the“lower animals”,and contrasting them with the traits and dispositions of man.I find the result humiliating to me.,I have been studying the characteristics of the so-called lower animals in parison with those of man.The result of this study makes me,as a man,feel terribly ashamed.,第13页,traits and dispositions:,characteristics;features;nature;qualities;personalities,humiliating:,making me feel ashamed;embarrassing;mortifying,Notice the tongue-in-cheek(,as a joke,not seriously,)way the author expresses his ideas.He makes it sound as if he were conducting and reporting on the result of a scientific investigation.In other words,he is deliberately using a pompous style to achieve humor.,第14页,2.,For it obliges me to renounce my allegiance to the Darwinian theory of the Ascent of Man from the Lower Animals and to name it the Descent of Man from the Higher Animals.,Because the result of my study forces me to give up(to abandon)my loyalty to(firm belief in)Darwins theory of evolution and to change the theory of the Ascent of Man from the Lower Animals to the theory of the Descent of Man from the Higher Animals.,to oblige sb to do sth:,to force sb to do sth;to make it necessary for sb to do sth,to renounce:,to abandon or give up;to reject or disown,allegiance:,loyalty,esp.to a nation or a cause,第15页,Paragraph 3,1.,It also seemed to suggest that the earl was descended from the anaconda,and had lost a good deal in the transition.,It also seemed to show that the earl came from the anaconda and had lost a lot of the anacondas good qualities in the process.,to be descended from sb:,to be related to sb who lived a long time ago,第16页,Paragraph 4,1.,I was aware that many men who have accumulated more millions of money than they can ever use have shown a rabid hunger for more,and have not scrupled to cheat the ignorant and the helpless out of their poor saving in order to partially appease that appetite.,I knew that many men who have more money than they can ever use have shown a mad desire to get more,and they have not hesitated to cheat poor people and their few saving in order to satisfy that desire.,第17页,rabid:,uncontrollable(Note:it is related to rabies,which is an acute,infectious and often fatal disease of dogs,also known as hydrophobia,transmitted by the bite of the infected animal),to have not scrupled to do sth:,to be willing to do something even though it may be wrong or may upset people,to cheat sb out of sth:,to trick or deceive sb in order to get an advantage,e.g.,to cheat sb out of his money or job or land,etc,the ignorant and helpless:,the uneducated and powerless people;the poor laboring people in general,to appease:,to satisfy or relieve(hunger,thirst,desire,etc),第18页,Brood over,Brood:to keep thinking about something that you are worried or upset about,Dont sit at home brooding all day.,brood over/about/on,Theres no point brooding over it-shes gone.,第19页,by consent,agreement about something,The chairman was elected by mon consent(=with most people agreeing).,divorce by mutual consent(=by agreement between both the people involved),第20页,Paragraph 7,1.,Cats are loose in their morals,but not consciously so.Man,in his descent from the cat,has brought the cats looseness with him but had left the unconsciousness behindthe saving grace which excuses the cat.,Cats are immoral,but they do not know it.They just cant help it.Man has inherited cats looseness,but not their innocence,which is what excuses the cat for its low morals.,to be loose in morals:,immoral,the saving grace:,the one good thing that makes someone or something acceptable,His sense of humor was his only saving grace.,.,第21页,be alive to a fact/possibility/danger etc,to know that a particular fact etc exists and that it is important,The pany is alive to the threat posed by foreign imports.,第22页,Paragraph 8,1.,Indecency,vulgarity,obscenity-these are strictly confined to man;he invented them.,These are only mans problems.They are limited to man.They only happen to man,2.,No-Man is the Animal that Blushes.He is the only one that does it-or has occasion to.,No,man is not the only animal that laughs,but it is true that man is the animal that blushes.He is the only animal that does it or has the need to.,to have occasion to do sth:,to have the need or necessity to do sth,Notice that Mark Twain is saying here that only man needs to blush because he consciously does bad,immoral things.,第23页,Paragraph 9,1.Man-when he is King John,with a nephew to render untroublesome,he uses a red-hot iron;In the case of King John who wanted to get rid of his nephew he used a red-hot iron to torture him.,to render sb untroublesome:to cause sb to be e untroublesome;to prevent sb from making trouble for him(King Johns throne had been stolen from his nephew.Therefore he thought his nephew posed a threat to him.),第24页,2.,in the first Richards time he shuts up a multitude of Jew Families in a tower and sets fire to it;,to set fire to:,to make sth start burning,Notice that it does not mean the same as“to make/light a fire”or“to build a fire”.,第25页,3.,The cat is moderate-unhumanly moderate,she doesnt dig out its eyes,or drive splinters under its nails-man-fashion;when she is done playing with it,she makes a sudden meal of it and puts it out of its trouble.,unhumanly moderate:,reasonable,not so violent,not so excessive or extreme,unlike human beings(Unhumanly is not to be mixed up with inhuman.It is actually a word coined by the writer.),man-fashion,:like man;as man does,to be dong doing sth:,to finish doing sth,to make a meal of:,to eat it up,to put sb out of his trouble:,to end sbs trouble,第26页,Paragraph 11,1.,There is not an acre of ground on the globe that is in possession of its rightful owner,Not a single pieces of land is in the hands of its original owner.Every piece of land has been stolen.,Mark Twain is referring to the fact that the world has been,in the course of history,divided and re-divided countless times through war.,第27页,Paragraph 12,1.,Man is the only Slave.And he is the only animal who enslaves.He has always been a slave in one form or another,and has always held other slaves in bondage under him in one way or another.,Mark Twain is referring to the idea that in the history of human civilization,our society has always been based on some kind of exploitation of man by man.No one is free.Everyone is a slave of one form or another and at the same time enslaved those under him.,to hold sb in bondage:,to keep sb in the state of being a slave,第28页,Paragraph 13,1.and in the intervals between campaigns he washes the blood off his hands andworks for“the universal brotherhood of man”-with his mouth.,and when they are not fighting each other,they will start talking about peace and universal brotherhood,but without any sincerity.Man,according to Mark Twain,is not only cruel and warlike,but also hypocritical.,to work for with his mouth:to pay lip service to;to give empty promises to,the universal brotherhood:the idea that all living human beings are brothers and sisters to each other四海之内皆兄弟思想；博爱,Note that the word man=humankind（men and women）。The world brotherhood also includes women in this sense.,第29页,Paragraph 14,1.Man is the Religious Animal.He is the only Religious Animal.He is the only animal that has the True Religion-several of them.,Man claims to be the only animal capable of religious belief.Religion of course is considered here something much more important and noble than animal instincts because it emphasizes the spiritual and moral life of human beings.But Mark Twain sneers at this because the different religious in the world have resulted in endless religious suppressions,persecutions and wars.,第30页,2.He was at it in the time of the Caesars,he was at it in Mohammeds time,he was at it in the time of the inquisition,he was at it in France a couple of centuries,he was at it in England in Marys day,he had been at it ever since he first saw the light,to be at sth:,to be engaged in a certain activity,The Caesars:,in the times of Caesars,the early Christians were cruelly persecuted by the Romans.,第31页,第32页,Julius Caesar,第33页,Mohammed:in Mohammeds time,the Muslims were cruelly persecuted.,Inquisition:it means that“inquiry”or“investigation”.Specifically,it refers to the former tribunal in the Roman Catholic Church directed at the suppression of heresy.,(Queen)Mary:in Marys day,the Protestants were persecuted.,to see the light:to e into existence,to be born.,第34页,Mary Tudor:,monly known as Bloody Mary,Queen of England.,第35页,Paragraph 17,1.And so I find that we have descended and degenerated,from some far ancestor-some microscopic atom wandering at its pleasure between the mighty horizons of a drop of water perhaps down the long highway of perfect innocence,till,And so I find that without knowing it,we have descended and deteriorated from our ancestor-some tiny atom which moved about freely and happily in the huge world of a drop of water perhaps perfectly innocence during this long process of change until we have fallen to the bottom,to the lowest stage of our development and be e human beings.,第36页,to do sth at ones own pleasure:to do sth when you want to,microscopic:extremely small,only seen under a microscope,mighty:awesomely huge,the long highway of perfect innocence:the long process of our change from one insect into another,one animal into another and one reptile into another,all pletely innocent,until we be e human beings and lose all our innocence.,第37页,Organization of the text:,This slightly abridged essay is organized like a paper to report results of a scientific experiment.It has a thesis statement at the beginning and a brief summing-up at the end.The main body is arranged according to the various straits and disposition of human beings as contrasted to the“higher animals”.However in the second part of the body the author begins to use a polemic tone.He seems to be arguing with people who believe in mans superiority because they can reason,have moral principles and religion,and love their neighbors and country.,第38页,Conclusion of the text:,It is wrong to think that Mark Twain is pessimistic or cynical.He is neither.Behind all the bitterness is a warm and human heart.Mark Twain does not really believe that human beings are incurably cruel,greedy and wicked.Otherwise he would not have bothered to write those essays.He writes about ugly human traits and dispositions precisely because he thinks human beings are capable of mending their ways if they can open their eyes to their own weaknesses and understand the conditions that give rise to them and nurture them.In other words,his policy is to frighten in order to enlighten.,第39页,Homework:,In Book 3,there is a text entitled“We Are Only Human”in which the author strongly argues that we human beings should be and can be superior to other animals.But in this article,the author feels strongly that human beings are the least fit for survival.What do you think of these two authors views?,第40页,