浅谈建筑企业如何应对竞争激烈的市场.docx

现代竞争激烈的环境中，建筑企业如何更有效益的在经营和发展中发挥作用，这是研究市场化水平最重要的载体.建筑企业如何与企业经营的实效链接？在宏观经济和产业政策变化的同时，加强对行业政策等信息的搜集、整理、研究，找出需要的东西，并使之与企业业务相结合，不断调整建筑企业的经营方针和经营策略，使建筑企业的每一步都带有大局意识和前瞻性.如何在这种竞争日益激烈的环境中生存、发展，这是我们考量的主题.下面是笔者的一些拙见，以便抛砖引玉。
一、实施战略管理强化市场意识推进观念创新
（一）实施战略管理
根据国家产业政策的调整,要经常分析企业面临的市场态势，增强对政策的敏锐性，做到发展基本与政策同步，甚至略提前。在宏观经济和产业政策变化的同时，加强对行业政策等信息的搜集，整理，研究，找出需要的东西，并使之与企业业务相结合，不断调整企业的经营方针和经营策略，使企业的每一步都带有大局意识和前瞻l生。如何在这种竞争日益激烈的环境中生存，发展，并建立起企业的相对竞争优势和比较竞争优势，积蓄企业的市场势能，则是企业根本之所在.
（二）加快企业内部市场化的进程
结合市场发展的需要，把竞争机制引人企业内部,以适应市场竞争的需要.只有通过市场调节，公平竞争，优胜劣汰，形成竞争激励机制，牢固树立市场意识，才能从根本上解决揽管脱节，责权分离，效益不佳和搞活机制;才能锻炼队伍，寻求发展，调动各方面的积极性，实现最佳效益；才能在市场调节中不断发现束缚企业生产力的痼疾；企业才能不断突破，才能够产生飞跃.
（三）考虑市场容量，建立“终极关怀"的情感追求
市场经济规律表明，任何行业都有一定的周期。那么对于企业而言，随着市场竞争的日趋激烈，甚至过剩，应如何面对，如何在低潮中体现自己的优势；那么只有靠竞争，而竞争的结果就是必须比别人做的更好，必须比别人更有价值。只有这样才能在市场逐步萎缩的情况下，体现出自己的比较竞争优势和相对竞争优势，才能取得业主的认可，才能赢得市场。这就要求企业以业主价值观为导向，以业主的满意度作为评价标准，瞄准业界最佳，以远大的目标规划产品的战略发展。立足现实，孜孜不倦地追求，一点一滴地实现。在与业主之间形成一个利益共同体，实现双赢.
、发挥总承包优势扩大经营空间推进经营方式的创新
（一）发挥总承包优势，强化经营管理，下大力气承揽工程
建设部在关于国企改革的指导意见中指出:要扶持一批高水平，有信誉，兼具设计采购和项目管理的骨干企业；主要是重点确立总承包管理协调功能，尽快实现集约化经营规模,以增强与跨国公司竞争工程项目管理总承包能力.这就要求我们不断强化管理，牢固树立经营管理第一，承揽任务为先的思想;在人，财，物的配置上，充实和加强经营力量，既要造就和培养一支职业化，高水平的经营队伍，又要调动方方面面的积极因素，多集有效信息，寻找市场，形成”大经营”局面，全方位，持久稳定的信息网络;建立反应灵敏，高度自如的操作决策机制；加快业务培训；提高标书编制水平和经营决策水平，不断总结经验教训，努力提高中标率;同时建立经营工作责任体系，划分责任区，明确负责人加大经营投人，搞好内部协调，严格执行经营业绩奖励经营失误追究责任制.
（二）努力打造企业信誉，争取更大经营空间
我国市场存在一个很大问题就是“信誉危机”。现代市场经济秩序还没有完全建立起来，此时的信誉问题就变得十分重要.对于企业来讲今天的信誉就是明天的市场，这就势必要求我们着力发展特色，培植优势，创建名牌，巩固强项，突出建筑企业如何应对竞争日趋激烈的市场专业，敢于在承建”高、新、精、尖，特”等项目上下功夫，打造真正属于自己的品牌。
三、以项目管理为重点强化控制过程推进管理创新
（一）实行两层分离和优化组合，完善项目动态管理体制
工程项目管理实行管理层和作业层两层分开；项目经理部实行由开工到竣工，验收全过程的管理机制；项目经理通过选派，指派，自荐，竞聘等方式产生，择优上岗；项目经理部实行“经营负责，全员管理”的体制，认真兑现合同承诺的各项指标，保证工期、成本、质量，安全始终处于受控制状态。同时，认真选择作业层队伍，精干高效的管理层和技术过硬,作风优良的劳务层对于项目的成功，二者缺一不可。
（二）重视工程质量，树立精品意识
1、增强法治观念，强化创优意识，认真贯彻《建筑法》、《招投标法》《建筑工程质量管理条例》《建筑工程项目管理条例》等国家有关质量标准，坚持依法办事，按标准施工，把创优工作作为企业自上而下发展的前提。
2、建立质量责任体系，强化全员责任。建立以项目经理为首的质量责任保证和责任追究制度；在施工中鉴定推行栋号工长负责制。
3、贯彻90标准，强化控制过程。要根据工程项目的构成情况，难易程度，施工合同要求，确立创优目标，明确创优标准，编制创优计划；分解好岗位固有和工序创优责任，从激励和约束两个方面加强项目创优责任感和紧迫感.
（三）加强成本管理，努力挖潜增效
1、从实际出发，在项目认真评估的基础上，结合企业内部定额，编制好工程的目标成本，确定合理的经济指标，签订项目责任合同,强化责任风险。同时建立健全工程项目部的成本分析，成本核算，成本责任体系,使目标成本有据可依，有序可循，层层分解。
2、优化施工方案，合理配置生产要素，强化项目运作过程中的实际成本管理，挖掘内部潜
力，开源节流，降低物耗，减少非生产开支，努力实现工程项目的最佳效益。
3、加强机具设备的管理，提高设备的利用率，遵循优化配置的原则.按工程项目的需要，结柯隋况，合同需求，施工周期，以及市场运作方式，合理地配置工程机械设备的有效运营，实现投入产出的最佳结合。
（四）强调以人为本，实施安全文明施工
在工作中抓好安全教育，增强安全防护意识和防护能力，建立健全工程项目部安全责任体系，细化《安全管理规定》，签订安全责任制，将安全管理纳入系统化，标准化的管理轨道;真正做到层层有安全目标，级级有安全措施，按照贯标程序文件要求的《施工过程安全控制程序》，抓好安全的标准化检查和监控;坚持预防为主的方针加大力度,消除一切安全隐患。
四、结论
改革开放以来，我国建筑企业迅猛发展，随着中国社会主义市场经济体制的建立，给建筑企业也带来了巨大机遇，建筑企业应快速加强自身建设，努力使我国建筑企业早日融入市场经济的进程，步入一流企业的行列.根据国家产业政策的调整，要经常分析建筑企业面临的市场态势，增强对政策的敏锐性，做到发展基本与政策同步，甚至略提前。在宏观经济和产业政策变化的同时，加强对行业政策等信息的搜集、整理、研究，找出需要的东西，并使之与企业业务相结合，不断调整建筑企业的经营方针和经营策略，使建筑企业的每一步都带有大局意识和前瞻性,以便应对竞争日趋激烈的市场。
The modern competitive environm，ntthe construction enterprise how to more effectiverole in the operation and developmethtis is the most important carrier of the marketizationlevel How construction enterprises and enterprise management effe？tiIn thekmacroeconomy and industrial policy changes at the samestimngthen the industry policy and soon information collectisorting research find out the need of things combined withthe enterprisbusiness continuously.djustthe constructionnterprismanagement policyand businessstrategymake constructionnterprisewith every stepof the generalsituationconsciousnessand forward— looking. How to survive in the increasinglcompetitiveenvironment， development, and thisisthe theme of our consideratioilhe followingstheauthor s view, some so that theo topic
A, the implementationof strategimanagement strengthenmarket consciousnessto
promote innovative ideas
(a) to implement strategic management
According to the national industrial policy adjofSteienthould analyze the status ofenterprise facing the market, increasing the sharpness dof tpasliiccysynchronization withpolicydevelopment, even slightlahead of time。 In macro economy and industrigpolicychanges at the same time,strengthenthe industrjpolicyind so on informationcollection,
collection, research, find out the need, ofamdiicigjsbined with the enterprise businessadjustthe enterpristhe management policymd businessstrategy make the enterprisofeach step with the general situation consciousness and forwardHdwokingurvive in theincreasinglcyompetitiveenvironment, development, and establishthe relativecompetitiveadvantage and comparativeadvantage of the enterprisethe potentiabnergy savingsof theenterprise market is the fundamental
(2) accelerate the process of enterprise internal marketization
In combination with the needs of the development of the market, the competitionmechanism withinthe enterprise to adapt to the needs of the market competition Onlythrough market adjustment, faircompetition,evolutio,n the formation of competitiveincentivmechanism , firmlyset up the consciousnesof market, in order to fundamentallysolve the LAN tube disconnect, separation in liability, poor efficiency and enliven the mechanisCan exercisethe troop, to seek development, mobilizethe enthusiasmof each respectachieve the best benefit; To found bound enterprises continuously in the market to adjust the ilof productivityEnterprise constantly breakthr,oughsn produce leap
(3) considering market capacity, to establish the emotional upurisiiaite ofonceTn
Market economy ruleshows thatany industrjhas a certaimumber of cyclesSo fortheenterprise with the increasingly fierce market competehtdionexcess, should be how toface how to reflect their own advantages in lpwSwaonly by competit,ioand the resultof competi tion is must do better than others, must be more valuable than others. Only in thisway can the market graduallyatrophic,reflectheirown comparativeadvantages and relativecompetitiveidvantage, to obtainthe owner’ s approval to win the market. Thisrequiresenterprises to owner values as the, gtuoidtehe satisfaction of owner as evaluation standard,aimed at the industry bes,t with big goal planning product strategy development. Based onreality, diligently pursue, bitIbyfbim a community of interests between the owner andachieve a win-win situation.
Second, giving full play to the advantages of general contracting expand space promote theinnovation of the mode of operation
(a) giving full play to the advantages of general, contrengtihei managementmakes the engineering contracting
The ministryf constructionn the guidanceon reform of the state-owned enterprises,points out that to support a number of highhaLwedredibil,itjboth design procurementand projectmanagement of the backbone enterprises Mainly focus on establishiig^neralcontractingmanagement coordinationfunction,as soon as possiblescale, intensive
management to enhance competition with multinational engineering general contracting projectmanagement ability. This requires that we constantly strengthen mafiagetoentstablish amanagement first undertake the task pripri(t(ynfiguration in people, goodsntent,enrich and strengthenthe management strength to bring up and cultivate team ofprofessional, high level management, team! to mobilize all aspects of positive factors to setmore effectiveinformation looking for a market, form a "big business" situation,comprehensive, sustainedinformatiwnetwork; Establish responsive highlycomfortableoperation decision-making mechanisTo speed up the training of busUnmprsove the levelof bidding document and management decision-making level, and constantly sum up experiencelesson,effortto improve the successrate;Establisihanagement responsibilistystem at thesame time, the dividing area, clear head increase of bousiwekk internal coordinationstrict enforcement of business performance reward management failure shall be investigated forresponsibility.
(2) to create corporate reputation, for greater business space
Problem is a big market in our couHtcyedsbility crisis". The modern market economicorder is still not fully established, credibility problem has become very important at this tiiFor enterprises of today's credibility is tomorrotiismamt inevitably require us to focuson the development characteristi,cs cultivatinagdvantages, creatingfamous brand ,consolidating stren,gthosutstanding construction enterprise how to deal with the increasinglyfierce competition in the markatre to in the contract to"bhigd and new refinedsharp, " fluctuation kongfand other projects, build truly their own brands.
Three, strengthenthe controlprocess focusing)n projectmanagement promote theinnovation in management
(a) a two layer separationand optimized combination and improve the dynamicmanagement system of the project
Project management practice management and the two layers separately; Project intends toimplement from startto completion and acceptance of the whole process of managementmechanism; Project manager by appointing, coseiign making a waysuchas preferentiaduty; Projectintends to implement the ” responsiblfor management ,
management system, the indicators of contract commitments seriously, guarantee time limit for aproject, costquality, safety is always in a state of control. At tlcarsfudlyinselectoperation team highly efficient management and professional techniques, a fine style of servicelayer for the success of the，prbothtbe short of one cannot
(2) attaches great importance to the engineering qballdyup the consciousness
1， enhance theirawareness of the importance of the rule of law， enhance theconsciousnesof the merit, seriouslymplement the "laW , ” biddinglaw" " constructionengineeringqualitynanagement regulations regulationon the constructioiengineeringprojectmanagement, such as the relevantnationalqualitystandard,stickto handle affairsaccordingto law, accordingto the constructiontandard,the merit to work as a top—downdevelopment premise
2, to set up the quality responsibility spstiegithen the full responsibSbittyipheaded by the projectmanager qualityliabilityid responsibilisystem; Master dateidentification for house bugle call responsibility system in the construction.
3, implement the 90 standard,strengthenthe controlprocess.According to thecomposition of the pro，jecetase of construction con，tratchte objective of merit and definitemerit standard prepare the merit plan; Decomposition of inherent responsibilitieisd
processes to create good jobs from two aspects of incentive and constraint to strengthen projectto create the sense of responsibility and sense。 of urgency
(3) strengthen the cost management, and strive to extract efficiency
1， from set out actu，alclayrefully evaluated on the basis of the project, combined with theenterprise internal www.hgmse。 net quota, preparation of project targetcost, determine reasonable economic indicatorsconclude a contractfor the projectresponsibilits/t,rengthenthe liabili rysk.At the same time establishind improve theengineering project cost an,alycsoisst accounting, cost responsibility system, according to canbe in accordance with the targe,t cmoaskte order, layer upon layer decomposition.
2, optimization of construction schetotee rational allocation of production factorsstrengthening the management of actual cost in the process of project operation and excavateinternal potential, open source throttling, reduce material consumptions, reduce non-productivexpenditure, efforts to achieve the best benefit of the project
3, to strengthen the management of machines and equipment, improve equipmentutilizatiofollow the principle of optimal allAccordnng to the needs of the project, "kesui, contractrequirements, constructionperiod,and the market operation, reasonable
allocation of engineering machinery equipment operate efficiently, achieve the best combination
of input and output
(4) emphasis on peo—oriented, implement safety civilization construction
Pays specialattentionto the safetyeducationin the work, enhance safetyprotectionconsciousness and protection ability, establish and improve the engineering project departmentand safety responsibility ，ystemining the safety management regulatisign a safetyresponsibility sy，temafety management should be brought into the systematic, standardizedmanagement orbit;Slopes have trulylayersof securityobjectives securityneasures, inaccordance with the requirements for jitc procedure of the construction process of safety controprocedures”， pays special attention to the standardization of safety inspection and monitoring;We must stick to the policy of preventioelfiminate all potential safety hazard
Four, conclusion
Rapid development since the reform and opening country construction enterpasseChina5 s socialismlarket economic system established^lsobrought great opportunitietoconstruction enterpr，isecsonstruction enterprises should strengthen its construction, strive tomake our country construction enterprise as early as possible in the process o，f market economystep intothe fir—classenterpri&e Accordingto the nationalindustriaplolicyidjustment,of ten should analyze the status of construction enterprises facingiitheemsiinetthesharpness of pol，icydo basic synchronization with policy development, even slightly ahead oftime. In macro economy and industrial policy changes at the same time, strengthen the industrypolicy and so on information col,lwwWioigpsdvd°cn www o gzjjgywcom sorting, resea,rchfind out the need of t，hinagnsd combined with the enterprise bu，sinceosnstinuously adjustthe construction enterprise management policy and busines，s smtarkaetetghye constructionenterprise with every step of the general situation consciousness and forWardrdeokingto cope with the increasingly fierce competition ino the market