礼记二则.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2020/4/19,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2020/4/19,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2020/4/19,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2020/4/19,#,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,在中国文学史上，有很多系统而全面地阐述教育教学的优秀文章,，如,劝学师说等。今天我们要学习儒家的论礼丛书礼记中的学记,礼运,篇。我们今天学的内容是从全文中节选出来的。,新课导入,22,礼记,二则,R,八年级语文下册,知识备查,礼记是十三经之一，与周礼仪礼全称为三礼,。儒家经典著作之一。,礼记,全书用记叙文的形式写成,，一些篇章具有相当高的文学价值。有的用短小的生动故事表明某一道理，有的气势磅礴、结构谨严，有的言简意赅、意味隽永，有的擅长心理描写和刻画，书中还收有大量富有哲理的格言、警句，精辟而深刻。,虽有嘉肴,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,本文选自,礼记,学记,。题目是编者加的。,学记,是,礼记,中的一篇，是中国教育史上，也是世界教育史上第一部教育学的论著。文字言简意赅，喻辞生动，,系统而全面地阐明了教育的目的及作用，教育和教学的制度、原则和方法，教师的地位和作用，教育过程中的师生关系以及同学之间的关系。,课文主要是谈关于“,教学相长,”的道理的。,字词学习,嘉肴（）弗食（）,自强（）教学相长（）,兑命（）学（）学（）半,yo,qin,yu,xi,o,f,zhn,xu,课文解读,虽有嘉,肴,，弗食，不知其,旨,也；虽有,至道,，弗学，不知其,善,也。,指有骨头的肉,指味美,最好的道理,好,类比论证：类比亲身学习的重要性。,是故,学然后知不足，教然后知,困,。知不足，然后能,自反,也；知困，然后能,自强,也。故曰：,教学相长,也。,所以,困惑,自我反思,自己鼓励自己,教与学是互相推动、互相促进的,教与学的关系：教学相长,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,兑命,曰“,学学半,”，,其,此之谓乎！,尚书,中的一篇,教别人，占自己学习的一半,表示猜测,引用论证：进一步强调教学相长的关系。,试用自己的话翻译全文。,即使有鲜美的菜肴摆在那里，如果不吃，就不能知道它的味美；虽然有最好的道理（最好的义理），如果不去学习，也不能知道它的美好可贵。所以深入学习之后才知道自己知识的贫乏，教育别人之后才发现自己学识上的困惑。,知道自己知识不够，然后才能自我,反省，努力向学；知道有困惑，然后才能自我勉励，发愤图强,。所以说：,教与学相互发生作用，教育别人，也能增长自己的学问。,尚书,兑命,说：“教育别人，能收到一半学习的效果。”就是这个意思。,互动探究,1.,虽有嘉肴,一文主要论述了什么道理？作者是怎么论述的？,本文主要论述了,教学相长,的道理。本文在论述时先以“虽有嘉肴，弗食，不知其旨也”作比引出“虽有至道，弗学，不知其善也”进而又从教与学两个方面加以说明，最后归结到“教学相长”这个结论。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,2.,怎样看待“教学相长”的道理？,虽有嘉肴,比喻论证,学习的重要性,道理论证,教学相长,引用论证,强调教学相长,教和学,相辅相成,结构梳理,本文论述了教与学的关系问题，说明了教和学是相辅相成的，是互相促进的道理。,主旨归纳,艺术特色,1.,运用类比手法。,文章开头运用类比手法，以“即使有美味佳肴，不去品尝，就不知道它的味道鲜美”类比“即使有最好的道理，不去学习，就不知道它的益处”。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,2.,逻辑严密，有条有理。,文中开头先讲学习的重要性，接着讲到教与学的关系，最后提出教学相长的结论，逻辑严密，有条有理。,通假字,兑,命,曰,（同“说”，指的是殷商时的贤相傅说）,yu,词句巩固,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,古今异义,1.,虽,有嘉肴,（古义：,即使,今义：,虽然,）,2.不知其,旨,也,（古义：,味美,今义：,主旨,）,3.教然后知,困,（古义：,困惑,今义：,穷苦，艰难,）,4,.然后能自,强,也,（古义：,竭力，尽力,今义：,健壮的，有力的,）,5,.教学相,长,也,（古义：,促进，提高,今义：,增长,）,一词多义,学,其,学,学半（）,学,学,半（）,不知,其,旨也（）,其,此之谓乎（）,动词，教导,动词，向别人学习,代词，它的,副词，表示推测,是,是,非君子之道,（）,是,故学然后知不足（,）,近指代词，相当于“这”“此”,“是故”“是以”连用，相当于所以、因此等,惟读书,是,务（,）,助词，用在句中，起到强调宾语的作用，不必译出,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,倒装句：,其此,之谓,乎,。,（,“之谓”是文言文中一种比较固定的用法，是将宾语提前的倒装句，译为“说的是”。作用：宾语用代词“之”复指一下，强调宾语。,）,文言句式,1,、学习过程五步骤：博学之、审问之、慎思之、明辨之、笃行之。,2,、学者有四失：或失则多，或失则寡，或失则易，或失则止。,3,、教育教学九原则：教学相长、长善救失、启发诱导、因材施教,课外积累,大道：,指儒家推崇的上古时代的政治制度。,本文选自,礼记,礼运,。,礼运,是,礼记,中的篇名，大约是战国末年或秦汉之际儒家学者托名孔子答问的著作。本文是,礼记,礼运,开头部分里的一段话，主旨是阐明儒家理想中的“大同”社会的基本特征。,字词学习,选贤与能（）,讲信修睦（,）,矜（）货恶其弃于地也（,）,幼有所长（）,男有分（,）,谋闭而不兴（,）,j,m,un,w,zhn,fn,xn,课文解读,大道之行也，天下,为,公。选贤,与,能，讲信修睦。,是,同“举”，选拔,对“大同”社会的纲领性说明。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,故人不独,亲,其亲，不独子其子，使老有所终，壮有所用，幼有所长，,矜,、,寡,、,孤,、,独,、废疾者皆有所养，男有,分,，女有,归,。,用作动词，以,为亲,同“鳏”，老而无妻,老而无夫,幼而无父,老而无子,职分，职守,女子出嫁,货恶其弃于地也，不必藏于己；,力恶其不出于身也，不必为己。,对于财货，人们憎恨把它扔在地上的行为，（却）不一定要自己私藏；,人们都愿意为公众之事竭尽全力，而不一定为自己谋私利。,写大同社会的基本特征。,是故,谋,闭,而不,兴,，盗窃乱贼而不作，故外户而不闭。,是谓,大同。,因此,用门闩插门,阴谋，干坏事的想法,兴起,这叫作,全文的总结语。,梳通文章大意：,在大道施行的时候，天下是人们所共有的，把品德高尚的人、能干的人选拔出来，（人人）讲求诚信，培养和睦。,因此人们不仅仅以自己的亲人为亲人所赡养，不仅仅抚育自己的子女，使老年人能安享晚年，使壮年人能为社会效力，使孩子健康成长，使老而无妻的人、老而无夫的人、幼而无父的人、老而无子的人、残疾人都有人供养,。男子有职务，女子有归宿。对于财货，人们憎恶把它扔在地上的现象，却不一定要自己私藏；人们都愿意为公众之事竭尽全力，而不一定为自己谋私利。因此奸邪之谋就不会发生，盗窃、造反和害人的事情不发生，（家家户户）都不用关大门了，这就叫做理想社会。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,精读课文,理清文章结构,第一层：,（第1、,2,句）,第二层：,（第,3,、,4,句）,第三层：,（第,5,、,6,句）,大同社会的根本特征,大同社会的基本特征,总结语，大同社会的局面,1.“大同”社会的根本特征是什么？请找出相关语句，并作讲解。,天下为公,选贤与能,讲信修睦,政权属于社会的全体成员,社会的管理者应由品德高尚的人,和能干的人担任,社会成员间应当建立起良好的关系,2.本文是从哪三个方面来说明“大同”社会的基本特征的？,人人都能受到全社会的关爱；,人人都珍惜劳动成果，却毫无自私自利之心。,人人都能安居乐业；,3.“故人不独亲其亲，不独子其子，使老有所终，壮有所用，幼有所长，矜、寡、孤、独、废疾者皆有所养，男有分，女有归。”同孟子中的哪句名言有异曲同工之妙？,老吾老以及人之老；幼吾幼以及人之幼。,4,.从“谋闭而不兴，盗窃乱贼而不作”中，你感受到了当时社会怎样的状况？,“谋闭而不兴，盗窃乱贼而不作”是大同社会安定、和谐的状况的反映，其中折射出现实社会的黑暗、阴险，这正是人们迫切追求理想社会的原因。,5,.写出表现人人都能关爱他人，人人都能得到他人关爱、能安居乐业的句子？,故人不独亲其亲，不独子其子，使老有所终，壮有所用，幼有所长，矜、寡、孤、独、废疾者皆有所养，男有分，女有归。,6,.大道之行也中与“路不拾遗,夜不闭户”的意思相同的是哪一句？,是故谋闭而不兴，盗窃乱贼而不作，故外户而不闭，是谓大同。,7,.总括全文的纲领句是：,大道之行也，天下为公，选贤与能，讲信修睦。,8.,最能够体现全社会的关爱这一特征的句子是：,衿、寡、孤、独、废疾者皆有所养。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,根据文中阐述的内容和你对“大同”社会的认识，你觉得“大同”社会能实现吗？,互动探究,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路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心驰神往,本文通过对理想中的社会特征的描述，阐明了儒家理想中的“大同”社会的基本特征，表达了作者对这个理想社会的向往，同时，也反映了我国古代劳动人民对美好生活的追求。,主旨归纳,艺术特色,1.,结构严谨，说理透彻。,文章第一层首先对“大同”社会进行纲领性说明，然后从三个方面阐述“大同”社会的基本特征，最后总括并定名为“大同”。全面具体地展现了古人关于人类美好社会的构想。,2.,阐述道理，条理清晰。,文章在阐明“大同”社会政治纲领的内容时，按逻辑关系，由政权归属谈到政权所属的条件，最后谈到在德才兼备的领导者的管理下，所呈现的和谐、平等的人际关系。在阐明之后，很自然地阐述了在这些纲领维护下的“大同”社会的基本特征，分三个方面展开，从物质生活谈到了理想观念。既全面又有条理，清晰地反映了作者的思路。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,通假字,1.选贤,与,能,（通“举”，选拔）,2.,矜,、寡、孤、独、废疾者皆有所养,（通“鳏”，指老而无妻的人）,古今异义,1.,大道,之行也,（,古义：,儒家推崇的上古时代的政治制度,今义：,宽而长的路）,2.男有分，女有,归,（,古义：,归宿,今义：,回来）,3.盗窃,乱,贼而不作,（,古义：,作乱,今义：,没有秩序，没有条理）,一词多义,分,恶,今天下三,分,（）,男有,分,（）,货,恶,其弃于地也（）,君子成人之美，不成人之,恶,（）,动词，分裂,名词，职分，职守,动词，讨厌、憎恶,名词，罪恶,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,与,独,选贤,与,能（）,颇,与,中国同俗（）,故人不,独,亲其亲,（）,矜、寡、孤、,独,、废疾者皆有所养,（）,通“举”，推荐,连词，和,副词，单，只,形容词，老而无子的人,1.不独,亲,其亲，不独,子,其子,（意动用法，以为亲，以为子）,2,.,老,有所终，,壮,有所用,（形容词作名词，老年人，壮年人）,词类活用,判断句：,大道之行也，天下为公。,（“也”表判断）,倒装句：,货恶其弃于地也，不必藏于己。,（介宾短语后置句，应为“于己藏”）,文言句式,拓展延伸,孔子名言：,1.,学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。,2.,知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。,3.,三人行，必有我师焉；择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,一、背诵,虽有嘉肴,，说说这篇短文的中心论点是什么，作者是怎样进行论述的。,课后习题参考答案,参考答案：,中心论点：教学相长。在论述时，先以“虽有嘉肴，弗食，不知其旨也”作比，继而引入“虽有至道，弗学，不知其善也”，进而又从教与学两个方面加以分析论证，最后归结到“教学相长”这个结论。,二、背诵,大道之行也,，归纳一下儒家的大同社会理想包括哪些方面。,参考答案：,人人都能受到全社会的关爱；人人都能安居乐业；人人都珍惜劳动成果，却毫无自私自利之心,(,物尽其用，人尽其力,),。,三、这两则短文多运用对偶句，造成铺排效果，增强了文章的气势。试从两篇中各举一例加以分析。,参考答案：,例：“虽有嘉肴，弗食，不知其旨也；虽有至道，弗学，不知其善也”，多使用对偶句,句式整齐，读来朗朗上口,节奏感强，颇有韵律美，其间道理易于让人理解、接受。,“货物其弃于地也，不必藏于己；力恶其不出于身也，不必为己”，对偶句，结构整齐，增强语势，描绘了大同社会的美好境界，使文章的论证更加生动、形象、全面、有力，突出了“大同”思想的中心。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,四、解释下列加点词语，注意古今意义的区别和联系。,1.,故曰：教学相长也,2.,不独子其子,3.,男有分，女有归,4.,货恶其弃于地也,5.,盗窃乱贼而不作,教学：教和学。,子：子女。,归：女子出嫁。,货：指财物。,贼：指害人。,五、下面是,礼记,学记,中的一些格言警句，查阅工具书，结合自己的学习经验，谈谈你的理解。,1.,玉不琢，不成器；人不学，不知道。,一个人的成才之路如同雕刻玉器一样，玉在没有打磨雕琢以前和石头没有区别,人也是一样,只有经过刻苦磨练才能成为一个有用的人。,2.,时过然后学，则勤苦而难成。,人的身心发展过程中存在着关键期，在关键期内发展学生相应的能力效果最佳。教育要遵循个体身心发展的规律。,3.,独学而无友，则孤陋而寡闻。,如果学习中缺乏学友之间的交流切磋，就必然会导致知识狭隘，见识短浅。好朋友是你了解外部世界的桥梁，也是你不断完善自己的标尺。一个人学习，而不接触外部环境，好比“闭门造车”，是行不通的，只有与朋友共同学习，“察纳雅言”，才能弥补自身的缺憾，并获得更多知识，才能不“孤陋寡闻”了！,更多教学资源微信,jxzy888666,4.,善问者，如攻坚木，先其易者，后其节目。,在学问上善于问难的人，应当是先易后难，循序渐进，像木工砍硬木先从易进斧的地方下手一样。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路