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2025 年高考英语解密之数词、情态动词
一.选择题(共 20 小题)
1.(2024•泰安一模) of the students in our class going to summer camp in Beijing. ( )
A .Two third;is B .Two thirds;is
C .Two third;are D .Two thirds;are
2 .(2020•盐城三模) of the forest by the sudden fire .( )
A .Two third; has been destroyed
B .Two thirds; has been destroyed
C .Two thirds; have been destroyed
D .Two third; have been destroyed
3 .(2024•河西区校级模拟) ﹣Lydia ,what did our head teacher say just now?
﹣Every boy and every girl as well as the teachers who_____to lead the group______asked to be at the school gate before 6 :30 in the morning .( )
A .is; is B .are; are C .are; is D .is; are
4 .(2021•永川区模拟)﹣ What's that?It smells so ___________.
﹣ It's Luosifen.I am crazy about it.It tastes ___________ delicious. ( )
A .terribly;terrible B .terrible;terrible
C .terrible;terribly D .terribly;terribly
5 .(2024•河北区模拟)—Must I return the book tomorrow?
—No ,you .You can keep it until next Thursday. ( )
A .mustn't B .needn't C .can't D .dare not
6.(2024•北辰区校级模拟)When weather permitted,he ______ go to the tea house after dinner to talk with other old partners every day. ( )
A .might B .should C .could D .would
7 .(2024•武清区校级模拟)﹣﹣﹣Is Mr.Smith in?
﹣﹣﹣There isn't any Mr.Smith here.You the wrong number. ( )
A .may have dialed B .might dial
C .must have dialed D .could dial
8.(2024•和平区校级二模)The HR director announced , "Candidates remain in your seats until all the papers have been collected." ( )
A .can B .shall C .would D .need
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9 .(2024•河东区模拟)You ___________ open the oven door before the cake is ready .( )
A .would B .could C .mustn't D .needn't
10 .(2024•河西区三模)During our trip to the Great Wall last week ,I couldn't stop thinking that building it ________ have been a huge project in ancient times. ( )
A . should B . must C . could D . need
11 .(2024•和平区模拟)My laptop ______ be old ,but it still works really well. ( )
A .can B .could C .may D .would
12.(2024•北辰区三模)The high school student answered all the questions properly.In my view,he ______ have read many books. ( )
A .must B .should C .need D .could
13 .(2024•滨海新区三模) The first attempt at making a lantern proved more challenging than the boy ever ______ have imagined. ( )
A .could B .must C .needn't D .shouldn't
14 .(2024•天津模拟)I love spring because I endure the cold of winter or avoid the burning sun of summer in spring. ( )
A .mustn't B .needn't C .can't D .shouldn't
15 .(2024 •河北区二模) I've adjusted the controls several times ,but the heater reach the set temperature. ( )
A .mustn't B .shouldn't C .needn't D .won't
16.(2024•南开区模拟)They queued(排队)for two hours for nothing.They ______ have been told the tickets were sold out. ( )
A .would B .may C .must D .should
17 .(2024•红桥区二模) - I am sorry ,I _____________at you the other day.
- Forget it .I was a bit out of control myself.( )
A .shouldn't shout
B .shouldn't have shouted
C .mustn't shout
D .mustn't have shouted
18 .(2024•天津模拟) - - Could you give me a ride to the airport?I'm going to be late.
- - Come with me.I'll take the nearest route and you be in time for your flight. ( )
A .shall B .need C .dare D .have to
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19 .(2024•和平区二模)—Jimmy ,how did your final exam go? —I thought I ,but the result was not so bad. ( )
A .might have failed B .shall have failed
C .should have failed D .must have failed
20 .(2024•天津模拟) The cake have been carefully baked for hours based on its delicious taste. ( )
A .must B .need C .should D .would
二.翻译题(共 4 小题)
21.(2023•闵行区校级三模) 经过一个多世纪的发展,民乐界涌现出许多深受观众喜爱的艺术家。(emerge)
22.(2023•普陀区二模)ChatGPT 是由人工智能研究实验室 OpenAI 在 2022 年 11 月 30 日发布的全新聊天 机器人模型。(release) (汉译英)
23 .(2023•徐汇区二模)太极(Tai Chi)是中华民族传统文化之瑰宝,其动作柔缓,但能以突然爆发的力 量将对手击退。(feature)
24 .(2022•上海)小张昨天在田里播下种子,期待来年的丰收。 (sow)(汉译 英)
三.词汇应用(共 1 小题)
25 .(2023•佳木斯校级模拟)assume vt . 以为;假设→ n . 假定;假设
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2025 年高考英语解密之数词、情态动词
参考答案与试题解析
一.选择题(共 20 小题)
1.(2024•泰安一模) of the students in our class going to summer camp in Beijing. ( )
A .Two third;is B .Two thirds;is
C .Two third;are D .Two thirds;are
【考点】分数;语法一致.
【答案】D
【分析】我们班三分之二的学生打算去北京参加夏令营。
【解答】分数用基数词作分子,序数词作分母,分子大于 1 时,做分母的序数词用复数,因此三分之二 的表达应该是Two thirds;分数做主语时,谓语动词的单复数由分数指代的名词的数决定,本题分数指 代的名词 students 是复数,因此谓语动词应该用 are。
故选:D。
【点评】在英语中,分数通常用基数词和序数词组合起来表示,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大 于 1 时,分母用复数形式。"语法一致"是英语语法中的一个重要原则,它指主语是单数形式,谓语动词 用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。它确保了英语句子中的主语和谓语、谓语和宾语之 间的语法形式的一致性。
2 .(2020•盐城三模) of the forest by the sudden fire .( )
A .Two third; has been destroyed
B .Two thirds; has been destroyed
C .Two thirds; have been destroyed
D .Two third; have been destroyed 【考点】分数.
【答案】B
【分析】三分之二的森林被突然的大火毁了.
【解答】根据句意和结构可知第一空使用分数的表达:分数由基数词和序数词一起表示.分子须用基数 词,分母需用序数词.当分子大于"1"时,分母用复数形式."三分之二"用 two thirds ,主语被分数修饰 的时候,谓语和后面名词一致,就是 forest ,谓语用单数,而且 forest 和 destroy 是被动关系,用现在完 成时的被动语态.
故选:B.
【点评】分数由基数词和序数词一起表示.分子须用基数词,分母需用序数词.当分子大于"1"时,分
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母用复数形式.
3 .(2024•河西区校级模拟) - Lydia ,what did our head teacher say just now?
- Every boy and every girl as well as the teachers who_____to lead the group______asked to be at the school gate before 6 :30 in the morning .( )
A .is; is B .are; are C .are; is D .is; are
【考点】be 动词.
【答案】C
【分析】句意: - - 琳达,我们班主任刚才说了什么? - - 要求每一个男生和女生还有将要带队的老师 们早晨 6 :30 在学校门口集合.
【解答】答案:C
本题第一个空是定语从句,先行词是 the teachers ,谓语动词应该和先行词一致,所以用复数 are .第二 个空是该句的谓语,因为在 as well as ,along with,together with 等并列两个主语时,谓语要与它前面的 名词或代词一致,即:"就远一致" .该句主语是 Every boy and every girl ,谓语用单数.
故选:C。
【点评】考查主谓一致.做此类题要记住主谓一致的一些规则.如:定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词保 持一致;在 as well as,along with,together with 等并列两个主语时,谓语要与它前面的名词或代词一致.
4 .(2021•永川区模拟) - What's that?It smells so ___________.
- It's Luosifen.I am crazy about it.It tastes ___________ delicious. ( )
A .terribly;terrible B .terrible;terrible
C .terrible;terribly D .terribly;terribly 【考点】感官动词;副词修饰动词.
【答案】C
【分析】 - 那是什么?它闻起来如此的糟糕。 - 这是螺蛳粉。我对它很迷恋。它尝起来非常好吃。
【解答】答案 C 根据题意, - 那是什么?它闻起来如此的糟糕。 - 这是螺蛳粉。我对它很迷恋。它 尝起来非常好吃。本题考查了词性的辨析。smell 为感官动词,相当于 be 动词,后接形容词,故第一个 空选 terrible;第二个空所填的词是用来修饰 delicious ,副词用来修饰形容词,故用 terribly.
故选:C。
【点评】单项选择题考查内容广泛,涉及词汇、语法、习语、日常用语等。在有限的题量中注意知识的 覆盖面,设计特定的语境综合考查学生在一定语境中运用语言知识的能力。
5 .(2024•河北区模拟)—Must I return the book tomorrow?
—No ,you .You can keep it until next Thursday. ( )
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A .mustn't B .needn't C .can't D .dare not
【考点】need 用法.
【答案】B
【分析】 - - - 我明天必须还书吗?
- - - 不,你不需要。你可以把它留到下周四。
【解答】A.mustn't 禁止;B.needn't 不必;C.can't 不能;D.dare not 不敢。根据问句:Must I return the book tomorrow?
可知否定回答是:No ,you needn't.不,你不需要。
故选:B。
【点评】need 作为英语中的情态动词和实意动词,具有多种用法和特点。作为情态动词,need 表示必 要性或需要,常用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中,有一定的意义,但不完整,不能独立作谓语,只能和 动词原形一起构成谓语;作为实意动词,need 可以表示需要、必须等含义,可单独作谓语。
6.(2024•北辰区校级模拟)When weather permitted,he ______ go to the tea house after dinner to talk with other old partners every day. ( )
A .might B .should C .could D .would
【考点】will/would 用法.
【答案】D
【分析】只要天气允许,他每天晚饭后都会去茶馆和其他老搭档聊天。
【解答】A.might 可能;B.should 应该;C.could 可以;D.would 过去常常。由 When weather permitted 和 every day 可知,空格处用would 表示过去常常做的事情。
故选:D。
【点评】动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。该考点主要涉及形近或义近的动词,在词义、用法、搭配等 方面进行比较和辨析,如被动形式中英汉表达的不同,同义、反义、近义词的辨析以及区分不同动词构 成动词词组的不同含义等。
7 .(2024•武清区校级模拟) - - - Is Mr.Smith in?
- - - There isn't any Mr.Smith here.You the wrong number. ( )
A .may have dialed B .might dial
C .must have dialed D .could dial
【考点】must have done 的用法.
【答案】C
【分析】 - - 史密斯先生在吗?
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- - 这里没有叫史密斯的。你一定是拨错号码了。
【解答】根据前文的答语可知,此处表示对已发生的事情非常有把握的推测,要用must have done 结构。 C 项正确。A 项表示对已发生的事情没有把握的推测。
故选:C。
【点评】情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓 语,只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。情态动词虽然数量不多,但用途广泛,了解某些情态动词的特殊用 法,然后结合语境选择正确答案。
8.(2024•和平区校级二模)The HR director announced , "Candidates remain in your seats until all the papers have been collected." ( )
A .can B .shall C .would D .need
【考点】need 用法.
【答案】B
【分析】人力资源总监宣布:"候选人需要留在座位上,直到所有的论文都收集好为止。"
【解答】A .can 能够;B .shall 将要,与二三人称连用,在肯定句中表示命令、威胁、允诺、警告等;
C .would 将,会;D .need 需要。结合句意,人力资源总监宣布:"候选人需要留在座位上,直到所有 的论文都收集好为止。"此句为肯定句,表示命令,B 符合语意。
故选:B。
【点评】做题时,分析句子,结合句意和选项,选择合适的情态动词填空。
9 .(2024•河东区模拟)You ___________ open the oven door before the cake is ready .( )
A .would B .could C .mustn't D .needn't
【考点】must 用法.
【答案】C
【分析】蛋糕做好之前不能打开烤箱门.
【解答】答案:C .考查情态动词.would 会;could 能够;mustn't 禁止;needn't 不必要;根据句意: 蛋糕做好之前不能打开烤箱门,可知此处是表示禁止,应该用 mustn't.
故选:C.
【点评】情态动词的区别在语气上,要注意理清句意,分清语气,同时要掌握情态动词特殊的用法.
10 .(2024•河西区三模)During our trip to the Great Wall last week ,I couldn't stop thinking that building it ________ have been a huge project in ancient times. ( )
A . should B . must C . could D . need
【考点】must 用法.
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【答案】B
【分析】上周我们去长城的时候,我一直在想,在古代修建长城一定是一项浩大的工程。
【解答】A.should have done 本该做;B.must have done 一定做过;C.could have done 本来能够做;D.need have done 结构主要用于否定句或疑问句,一般不用于肯定句。根据句意"上周我们去长城的时候,我一 直在想,在古代修建长城一定是一项浩大的工程。"空处意思应该是"一定做过" ,B 项正确。
故选:B。
【点评】情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓 语,只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。情态动词虽然数量不多,但用途广泛,了解某些情态动词的特殊用 法,然后结合语境选择正确答案。
11 .(2024•和平区模拟)My laptop ______ be old ,but it still works really well. ( )
A .can B .could C .may D .would 【考点】may/might 用法.
【答案】C
【分析】我的笔记本电脑可能旧了,但它仍然很好用。
【解答】A.can 能够;B.can 的过去式;C.may 可能;D.would 将会。根据句意:我的笔记本电脑可能旧 了,但它仍然很好用。可知这里表示不确定的说法。
故选:C。
【点评】may 和might 都表示一种可能性或允许,有一定的意义,但不完整,不能独立作谓语,只能和 动词原形一起构成谓语。
12.(2024•北辰区三模)The high school student answered all the questions properly.In my view,he ______ have read many books. ( )
A .must B .should C .need D .could
【考点】must have done 的用法.
【答案】A
【分析】这个高中生把所有的问题都答得很好。在我看来,他一定读了很多书。
【解答】must have done 必定做了.....(表示对过去的推测),should have done 原本该做但是没做,need have done 本需要做某事却没有做 ,could have done 本能做某事却没有做 ,结合"The high school student answered all the questions properly."可知,此处指我认为这个高中生过去一定读了很多书。
故选:A。
【点评】"Must have done"是一个表示对过去发生的事情进行强烈猜测或肯定的语法结构。它通常用于 根据过去的情况推断或猜测某事已经发生或未发生。
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13 .(2024•滨海新区三模) The first attempt at making a lantern proved more challenging than the boy ever ______ have imagined. ( )
A .could B .must C .needn't D .shouldn't
【考点】can/could have done 的用法.
【答案】A
【分析】男孩发现,制作灯笼的第一次尝试比他想象的更具挑战性。
【解答】分析句子可知,这个题考查的是 could have done 的固定结构,表示对过去的一种可能性猜测。 这个男孩是在过去想象灯笼是否好做,用 could have imagined。
故选:A。
【点评】"Can/could have done"它表示对过去发生的动作或情况的虚拟或猜测。这种形式通常用于表达 对过去某种情况的遗憾、怀疑或不确定。
14 .(2024•天津模拟)I love spring because I endure the cold of winter or avoid the burning sun of summer in spring. ( )
A .mustn't B .needn't C .can't D .shouldn't
【考点】need 用法.
【答案】B
【分析】我爱春天,因为我不必忍受冬天的寒冷,也不必在春天躲避夏天的烈日。
【解答】A .mustn't 禁止;B .needn't 没有必要;C .can't 不能;D .shouldn't 不应该。结合句意,我爱 春天,因为我不必忍受冬天的寒冷,也不必在春天躲避夏天的烈日。B 符合语意。
故选:B。
【点评】考查情态动词。做题时,结合句意,分析句子结构,选择合适的情态动词。
15 .(2024 •河北区二模) I've adjusted the controls several times ,but the heater reach the set temperature. ( )
A .mustn't B .shouldn't C .needn't D .won't
【考点】will/would 用法.
【答案】D
【分析】我已经调整了好几次控制装置,但加热器达不到设定的温度。
【解答】A .mustn't 千万不能;B .shouldn't 不应该;C .needn't 没必要;D .won't 将不会。结合句意, 我已经调整了好几次控制装置,但加热器达不到设定的温度。D 符合语意。
故选:D。
【点评】考查情态动词。做题时,结合句意和选项,选择合适的情态动词填空。
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16.(2024•南开区模拟)They queued(排队)for two hours for nothing.They ______ have been told the tickets were sold out. ( )
A .would B .may C .must D .should
【考点】should/ought to have done 的用法.
【答案】D
【分析】他们白白排队两个小时。他们应该被告知票已经卖完了。
【解答】A .would 将,会;B .may 可能;C .must 必须;D .should 应该。结合句意,他们白白排队 两个小时。他们应该被告知票已经卖完了。D 符合语意。
故选:D。
【点评】做题时,分析句子,结合句意和选项,选择合适的情态动词填空。
17 .(2024•红桥区二模) - I am sorry ,I _____________at you the other day.
- Forget it .I was a bit out of control myself.( )
A .shouldn't shout
B .shouldn't have shouted
C .mustn't shout
D .mustn't have shouted
【考点】should/ought to have done 的用法.
【答案】B
【分析】 - - 很抱歉,那天我本不应该向你大喊大叫.
- - 别放在心上.我自己也有点失控了.
【解答】本题考查"情态动词+have done"的结构.shouldn't have done 表示"本不该做而实际上却做了" ; 根据句意"本不应该向你吼"可以推断答案是 B .A 项 shouldn't do 表示"不应该" ,说明现在和将来不应 该;C 项 mustn't do 表示禁止;没有 mustn't have done 的结构;所以 A 、C 和 D 均不符合题意.故选: B。
【点评】在掌握虚拟语气的规则的基础上,判断题干属于什么类型的虚拟,然后根据语境,选用恰当的 动词形式表达虚拟.
18 .(2024•天津模拟) - - Could you give me a ride to the airport?I'm going to be late.
- - Come with me.I'll take the nearest route and you be in time for your flight. ( )
A .shall B .need C .dare D .have to
【考点】shall 用法.
【答案】A
10
【分析】- - 你能
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