Unit-9-How-to-Grow-Old幻灯片.ppt

,综合教程6(第2版)电子教案,新世纪高等院校英语专业本科系列教材（修订版）,综合教程第六册,(,第,2,版,),电子教案,上海外语教育出版社,南京信息工程大学 刘杰海,Unit 9 How To Grow Old,cover,Contents page,Contents,Learning Objectives,Pre-reading Activities,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,Consolidation Activities,Further Enhancement,Objectives,Learning Objectives,Rhetorical skill:metaphor,Key language&grammar points,Writing strategies:metaphor for the theme of the essay,Theme:how to keep young and face death,Pre-R:picture activation,Do you find“growing old”a terrifying process?Why or why not?,Picture Activation,|Pre-questions,Pre-R:Pre-questions-1,1.An aging population has become a serious problem in China,especially in big cities like Shanghai.After decades of hard work,old people deserve to live a happy life in their twilight years.Do you think old people in China are taken good care of?What do your grandparents usually do every day?Do they enjoy their life?,Picture Activation|,Pre-questions,Open for discussion.,Pre-R:Pre-questions-2,2.With the improvement of living standards and medical services,now people have a longer life expectancy than before.In this connection,some people propose that our retirement age should be postponed.Do you agree with this idea?,Picture Activation|,Pre-questions,Open for discussion.,GR:Text intro,This is one of the essays in Bertrand Russells,Portraits from Memory,which was published in 1956.As is indicated in the title,the essay deals with the issue of aging.In a light and humorous style,the author turns this social issue into a personal discussion on two topics:,How to keep oneself psychologically young and how to perceive death in ones old age.,Text Introduction,|Culture Notes|Author|Structure,GR:CN-Gibbon,Gibbon(Paragraph 1),Edward Gibbon(17371794),English historian.He wrote,The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire,(17761788).,Text Introduction|,Culture Notes,|Author|Structure,GR:CN-Girton College,Girton College(Paragraph 1),The first residential college for women of Cambridge University,it was established in 1869.It is about two and a half miles northwest of the center of Cambridge next to the village of Girton.It became mixed in 1977 with the arrival of the first male Fellows and male undergraduates have been admitted since 1979.,Text Introduction|,Culture Notes,|Author|Structure,GR:Author Bio-1,Bertrand Russell,(1872-1970)was a British philosopher and mathematician who combined scholarship with literary skill and had a rare talent for popularization both in writing and as a broadcaster.On politics and education he held unorthodox opinions.In 1918 he was galled for pacifism.Undeterred by age,he was active in nuclear disarmament demonstrations,which led to another spell in prison.,Text Introduction|Culture Notes|,Author,|Structure,GR:Author Bio-2,He left Cambridge in the summer of 1894,In the autumn of 1920 he went to China to lecture on philosophy at the Peking university.analyzing the strength and weaknesses of that ancient civilization attempting to industrialize,and warned of the dangers of imperial powers interfering in China affairs.,In 1950,Russell was awarded the,Nobel Prize in Literature,in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought.,Text Introduction|Culture Notes|,Author,|Structure,GR:structure,Text Introduction|Culture Notes|Author|,Structure,Part 1,(Para 1)description of the healthy life style of authors ancestors,which reflects his attitude towards life,Part 2,(Paras 3-4)two things elderly people should avoid,namely living in memories and clinging to youth,Part 3,(Paras 5-6)importance of developing impersonal interests,and a correct attitude towards death in old age,DR-p1-1-text,HOW TO GROW OLD,Bertrand A.Russell,1.In spite of the title,this article will really be on how not to grow old,which,at my time of life,is a much more important subject.My first advice would be,to choose your ancestors carefully.,Although both my parents died young,I have done well in this,respect,as,regards,my other ancestors,.,My maternal grandfather,it is true,was,cut off,in the flower of his youth at the age of sixty-seven,but my other three grandparents all lived to be over eighty,.,Detailed Reading,DR-p1-2-text,Of remoter ancestors I can only discover one who did not live to a great age,and he died of a disease which is now rare,namely,having his head cut off,.A great-grandmother of mine,who was a friend of Gibbon,lived to the age of ninety-two,and,to her last day remained a terror to all her descendants,.My maternal grandmother,after having nine children who survived,one who died in infancy,and many miscarriages,as soon as she became a widow devoted herself to womens higher education.She was one of the founders of Girton College,and worked hard at opening the medical profession to women.,Detailed Reading,DR-p1-3-text,She used to,relate,how she met in Italy an elderly gentleman who was looking very sad.,She inquired the cause of his,melancholy,and he said that he had just parted from his two grandchildren,.“Good gracious,”she exclaimed,“,I have seventy-two grandchildren,and if I were sad each time I,parted,from one of them,I should have a,dismal,existence!”,“Madre snaturale,”he replied.But speaking as one of the seventy-two,I prefer her recipe.After the age of eighty she found she had some difficulty in getting to sleep,so she habitually spent the hours from midnight to 3 a.m.in reading popular science.,Detailed Reading,DR-p1-4-text,I do not believe that she ever had time to notice that she was growing old.This,I think,is the proper recipe for remaining young.If you have wide and keen interests and activities in which you can still be effective,you will have no reason to,think about the merely statistical fact of the number of years you have already lived,still less of the probable brevity of your future,.,Detailed Reading,DR-p2-text,2.As regards health,I have nothing useful to say since,I have little experience of illness,.I eat and drink whatever I like,and sleep when I cannot keep awake.,I never do anything whatever on the,ground,that it is good for health,though in actual fact the things I like doing are mostly,wholesome,.,Detailed Reading,DR-p3-text,3.,Psychologically there are two dangers to be,guarded,against in old age.One of these is,undue,absorption in the past,.,It does not do to live in memories,in regrets for the good old days,or in sadness about friends who are dead.Ones thoughts must be directed to the future,and to things about which there is something to be done.This is not always easy;ones own past is a gradually increasing weight.It is easy to think to oneself that ones emotions used to be more vivid than they are,and ones mind more keen.If this is true it should be forgotten,and if it is forgotten it will probably not be true.,Detailed Reading,DR-p4-text,4.The other thing to be avoided is,clinging to youth,in the hope of sucking vigour from its vitality.When your children are grown up they want to live their own lives,and if you continue to be as interested in them as you were when they were young,you are likely to become a burden to them,unless they are unusually callous.,I do not mean that one should be without interest in them,but ones interest should be,contemplative,and,if possible,philanthropic,but not,unduly,emotional,.Animals become indifferent to their young as soon as their young can look after themselves,but human beings,owing to the length of infancy,find this difficult.,Detailed Reading,DR-p5-1-text,5.I think that a successful old age is easiest for those who have strong impersonal interests involving appropriate activities.,It is in this sphere that long experience is really fruitful,and it is in this sphere that,the wisdom born of experience can be exercised without being,oppressive,.It is no use telling grown-up children not to make mistakes,both because they will not believe you,and because mistakes are an essential part of education.But if you are one of those who are incapable of impersonal interests,you may find that your life will be empty unless you concern yourself with your children and grandchildren.,Detailed Reading,DR-p5-2-text,In that case you must realise that while you can still render them material services,such as giving them an allowance or knitting them jumpers,you must not expect that they will enjoy your company.,Detailed Reading,DR-p6-1-text,6.,Some old people are,oppressed,by the fear of death.In the young there is a,justification,for this feeling,.Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer.But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows,and,has achieved whatever work it was in him to do,the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble.,The best way to overcome it,so at least it seems to me,is to make your interests gradually,wider and more impersonal,until bit by bit the walls of the ego,recede,and your life becomes increasingly,merged,in the universal life,.,Detailed Reading,DR-p6-2-text,An individual human existence should be like a river small at first,narrowly contained within its banks,and rushing passionately past rocks and over waterfalls.Gradually the river grows wider,the banks recede,the waters flow more quietly,and in the end,without any visible break,they become merged in the sea,and painlessly lose their individual being.The man who,in old age,can see his life in this way,will not suffer from the fear of death,since the things he cares for will continue.And if,with the decay of vitality,weariness increases,the thought of rest,will not be unwelcome.I should wish to die while still at work,knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do,and content in the thought that what was possible has been done.,Detailed Reading,DR:p1 Analysis,Paragraph 1 Analysis,In this paragraph the author begins the essay with a humorous answer to the question“how not to grow old”“to choose your ancestors carefully.”Then he tells us some anecdotes about one of his ancestors his maternal grandmother,who enjoyed a long life partly because she had a healthy attitude towards life,.,Detailed Reading,DR:p2 Analysis,Paragraph 2 Analysis,In this paragraph the author gives us a very brief description of his healthy lifestyle,which reflects his attitude towards life.,Detailed Reading,DR:p3-4 Analysis,Paragraphs 3-4 Analysis,After talking about his ancestors longevity and his own healthy lifestyle,the author directs his discussion to the two things elderly people should avoid,namely living in memories and clinging to youth,which are interrelated,because undue absorption in the past would inevitably lead to clinging to youth.,Detailed Reading,DR:p5 Analysis,Paragraph 5 Analysis,In this paragraph the author stresses the importance of developing impersonal interests.With such interests one will have a fulfilling old age without making his grown-up children feel oppressed.Otherwise,he will either feel empty or unduly concern himself with his children.,Detailed Reading,DR:p6 Analysis,Paragraph 6 Analysis,The last paragraph expounds on a correct attitude towards death in old age.According to the author,death should not be an oppressive problem for“an old man who has known human joys and sorrows.”He compares ones life to a river that will eventually be merged with the sea.This metaphor suggests that death is inevitable and,more important,it is part of“the universal life.”,Detailed Reading,DR-Question-p1-1,Detailed Reading,Paragraph 1 Questions,1.What,does the author mean when he says that“But speaking as one of the seventy-two,I prefer her recipe”?,The author means that as one of her seventy-two grandchildren,he prefers the way she chose to deal with being separated from her family for periods of time.,DR-Question-p1-2,Paragraph 1 Questions,2.How,according to the author,can one be relieved from the worry of aging?,Detailed Reading,According to the author,if you have wide and keen interests and you participate in activities which you are still capable of,just as his maternal grand-mother did,you will have no time to notice that you are growing old and thus you will have no reason to worry about your old age and the probable brevity of your future.,DR-Question-p3-1,Paragraph 3 Questions,1.,How could one get out of undue absorption in the past?,Detailed Reading,To get oneself out of undue absorption in the past,one must direct ones thought to the future and to the things about which there is something to be done.,DR-Question-p3-2,Detailed Reading,Paragraph 3 Questions,2.,How,according to the author,should an elderly person show his concern for,his children?,According to the author,an elderly person should avoid showing too much interest in his children when they are grown up and want to live their own lives.He should be thoughtful and be ready to give them help only when they need it.,DR-Question-p4,Paragraph 4 Question,How,according to the author,should an elderly person show his concern for,his children?,Detailed Reading,According to the author,an elderly person should avoid showing too much interest in his children when they are grown up and want to live their own lives.He should be thoughtful and be ready to give them help only when they need it.,DR-Question-p5,Paragraph 5 Question,What,according to the author,should“those who are incapable of impersonal interests”realize?,Detailed Reading,According to the author,those who are incapable of impersonal interests should realize that their undue interest in their children is unwelcome,though their“material services”are still appreciated.,DR-Question-p6,Paragraph 6 Question,What is the best way for an old person to overcome the fear of death?,Detailed Reading,First of all,he should realise that death is inevitable.The best way to overcome the fear of death is to develop strong impersonal interests involving appropriate activities,so that he will painlessly lose his individual being(i.e.his ego)and his life will become merged in the universal life.,LPT-Although both my mother and my father,Detailed Reading,“,Although both my parents died young,I have done well in this respect as regards my other ancestors.,”,Paraphrase,Although both my mother and my father died when they were still young,my other ancestors lived long lives.Here the author means that genetically he did quite well.,LPT-respect,Detailed Reading,respect,n.,an aspect of something,e.g.,In most respects,the new film is better than the original.,The house is in a fairly good condition and,in this respect,contrasts with the rest of the street which is in a state of disrepair.,LPT-regard,Detailed Reading,as regard,used for introducing a subject that you will be discussing,e.g.,Are you optimistic or pessimistic,as regards,the future?,This is especially true,as regards,women,given that,of the worlds one billion poorest people,three-fifths are women and girls.,LPT-My maternal grandmother,Detai