1、IdiomandTranslationIdiomProverb(谚语)Slang(俚语)Colloquial klkwl(俗语)Twinwords(成对词)Trinomials(三词词组)Catchphrase/Lexicalphrase(熟语)Habitualcollocation/Restrictedcollocation(习惯搭配)1.谚语、格言(proverb),警句(sentenceidiom)1)Proverbsarechildrenofexperience.谚语是经验的产物。2)Itsnousecryingoverspiltmilk.倒翻牛奶,哭也没用。缩写形式:Cryovers
2、piltmilk.含 义:覆水难收。2.俚语(slang)。俚语为某些人群和地区所特有,适用范围有严格限制,使用时要注意其使用的得体性和意义的准确性。1)screwup弄糟、一塌胡涂 Hescrewedthewholethingupfromstart tofinish.他自始至终一塌胡涂。2)Payoff贿赂 chatup与异性搭讪3.俗语(colloquial)1)snakeinthegrass暗箭2)hitbelowthebeltstabintheback暗箭伤人3)cutthegroundfromundersb.在某人背后搞鬼4.成对词(twinwords/wordsinpairs)英国
3、学者福勒(H.W.Fowler)把它比作“连体双胞胎”(Siamesetwins),称为重言法(hendiadys)1)beerandskittles(撞柱游戏)吃喝玩乐2)wax(月亮渐满;增大)andwane(衰退;月亏)盛衰3)weal(幸福)andwoe(灾难)祸福。5.三词词组(trinomials)1)sun,moonandstars日月星2)onland,onsea,andinthesky海陆空3)Eat,drinkandbemerry.及时行乐4)Wine,woman,andsong.吃喝玩乐1)burnonesfingers碰钉子2)buryonesheadinthesand
4、不敢面对现实3)haveagoldentouch能点石成金,无所不能4)putonthedog摆架子,装腔作势6.熟语(catchphrase/lexicalphrase)7.习惯搭配(habitualcollocation)1)dayandnight日日夜夜2)facetoface面对面3)makeaface做鬼脸,做苦脸TheCharacteristicsofEnglishIdioms1.Idiomaticity2.StructuralStability3.SemanticUnity1.长期的习用性(长期的习用性(Idiomaticity)1)Timeflieslikeanarrow.光阴
5、似箭。2)Artislong,lifeisshort.人生苦短,艺术长久。3)Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患难之交。2.结构的固定性(结构的固定性(StructuralStability)英语成语的固定性取决于它们的习用性,其习用性越强,结构越固定,就越为人们所接受。1)Titfortat.针锋相对。2)Diamondcutdiamond.棋逢对手。3)Likecureslike.以毒攻毒。3.语义的整体性(语义的整体性(SemanticUnity)英语成语也称为混合词(fusedword),理解英语成语的意义要从整体上去把握,因为英语成语的语义是一个独立和完整的
6、内在统一体。1)raincatsanddogs (meaning:rainheavily)倾盆大雨2)wearonesheartupononessleeve (meaning:showonesfeelingplainly)心直口快givealickandapromise敷衍搪塞敷衍搪塞eg.Youdidntwashyourhands;youjustgavethem alickandapromise.你根本没洗手,只不过敷衍了事。burythehatchet偃旗息鼓偃旗息鼓eg.Theyhadbeenenemiesforages,butafterafighttheyburied thehachet.他们敌对多年,但一场搏斗后却和解了。backstairsinfluence暗中势力,幕后人物暗中势力,幕后人物eg.Hemetthecongressmeninsecretto exertbackstairsinfluence.他秘密会见了议员,暗中对他施加影响。Thatsall.Thankyou.