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1、 News review: BEIJING - The A/H1N1 influenza virus is responsible for nearly 80 percent of China's total flu infections and most of the mass cases occurred in schools, according to a senior official with the Ministry of Health (MOH). 翻译：卫生部工作人员表示，目前中国所流行的流感病毒中，近80%是甲型H1N1流感病毒，随着天气转冷，疫情上升趋势将会进一步
2、呈现。 Related Words and expressions Epidemic 流行病 大流行的：pandemic 隔离：quarantine be on a high alert: 高度警惕 symptom: 症状 suspected case: 疑似病例 confirmed case: 确认病例 respiratory: 呼吸的 be infected with: 被传染 human-to-human transmission: 人传染人 diarrhea: 腹泻 vomit: 呕吐 fatigue: 疲劳 sneeze: 打喷嚏 be cau
3、tious of: 对……谨慎，小心 WHO：世界卫生组织 flu vaccine流感疫苗 flu caseload感染病例数 shot注射，打针，（e.g. The nurse gave me a flu shot.护士给我打了治疗流感的针） flu strain 流感病毒株 anti-viral medications抗病毒药物 make a vaccine against研制出一种抗……的疫苗 ease flu symptoms减轻流感症状 epidemiologists流行病学专家 pneumonias肺炎 incubation period潜伏期 outbre
4、ak爆发 mutate into a more dangerous strain突变成更危险病毒株 face mask面罩 test positive/negative检测呈阳性/阴性 develop a fever出现发烧/发热症状 precautionary measures预防措施 avoid contacts with避免与……接触 quarantee医学隔离 step up surveillance加强检测 flu jitters流感恐慌 contain遏制 stem the spread of the virus制止病毒的扩散 public health e
5、mergency of international concern国际关注的突发公共卫生事件 阅读文章： The pandemic threat Apr 30th 2009 From The Economist print edition It’s deadly serious; so even if the current threat fades, the world needs to be better armed. IT IS said that no battle-plan survives contact with the enemy. This was certain
6、ly true of the plan drawn up over the past few years to combat an influenza pandemic. The generals of global health assumed that the enemy would be avian flu, probably passed from hens to humans, and that it would strike first in southern China or South-East Asia. In fact, the flu started in an unkn
7、own pig, and the attack came in Mexico, not Asia. The hens, though, deserve some credit. The world has not had a pandemic (a global epidemic) of influenza since 1968. Four decades are long enough to forget that something is dangerous, and people might have done so had they not spent the past ten y
8、ears considering the possibility that a form. of bird flu which emerged in Hong Kong in 1997 might be one mutation away from going worldwide. The new epidemic was raised on April 29th to just one notch below the level of a certified pandemic by the World Health Organisation. In an effort to halt th
9、e spread of the disease, Mexico’s president, Felipe Calderón, has announced that non-essential services should close down between May 1st and 5th, and people should stay at home. Part of the reason for worry is that, unlike ordinary flu, which mostly carries off the old, the victims of this disease
10、are mostly young and otherwise healthy. Still, this epidemic has not actually killed many people yet. That there have been a mere handful of confirmed deaths is probably the result of a lack of proper tests. But even if all the possibles are counted in, a couple of hundred fatalities cannot compare
11、 with the 30,000 deaths caused in America each year by seasonal influenza. So how scared should we be? Damned if you do, damned if you don’tAs far as this epidemic is concerned, it’s too early to tell. One unknown is how widespread the virus is in Mexico. If it is ubiquitous, and had not been notic
12、ed earlier because it emerged during the normal flu season, then this epidemic may turn out to be insignificant, at least to start with. No flu death is welcome, but in this case the new disease might not increase the immediate burden greatly. But if the new strain is relatively rare, or what is bei
13、ng seen now is a more dangerous mutation of what had once been a mild virus, then the proportion of infected people dying may already be high. The death-toll, then, will rise sharply as the disease spreads. Either way, the authorities were right to hit red alert. Influenza pandemics seem to strike
14、every few decades and to kill by the million—at least 1m in 1968; perhaps 100m in the “Spanish” flu of 1918-19. And even those that start mild can turn dangerous. That is because new viral diseases generally happen when a virus mutates in a way that allows it to jump species, and then continues to e
15、volve to exploit its new host. If that evolution makes the virus more virulent, so much the worse for the host. HIV, the AIDS-causing virus, lived happily and benignly in chimpanzees before it became a scourge of people. In Mexico, the early indications are that two pig viruses that can infect peopl
16、e but rarely pass from person to person recombined with each other to create a virus which does so easily. Changes in virulence have certainly happened before in influenza epidemics, which have struck in successive waves of different severity. The message is that it makes sense to put money and ef
17、fort into containing the new infection even if it does turn out to be relatively harmless today. The more people who have the virus, the more virus particles there are for that one, fatal mutation to appear in. Resistance is another reason to try to contain an epidemic early. New antiviral drugs th
18、at were not around during past epidemics seem to be effective against the current outbreak. But natural selection is a powerful force, and if the spread of the disease means they have to be used widely, a resistant strain of the virus could easily evolve. Don’t wait till winterNow is the time to p
19、repare for the worst. Flu—including pandemic flu—tends to be seasonal. The infection will probably tail off in the north over the next few months and head south as winter gets a grip on the Earth’s less populated hemisphere. It would make sense, therefore, to put the antiviral factories on overtime
20、immediately, and try to develop, manufacture and distribute a vaccine. Crash vaccine programmes pose their own risks. In 1976 flu vaccines killed a lot of people in America. But the growth of biotechnology means there are new ways of making vaccines and new types of vaccine to make. Mostly, these h
21、ave been aimed at the threat of bird flu. But laboratories will already be clearing the decks to receive their first samples of the new swine flu, and getting to work on countermeasures. And there is one further lesson. The system of checking for new diseases also needs to be improved. Partly becau
22、se everyone was looking at Asia, no one was concentrating on Mexico. But as genetic sequencing becomes cheap and routine, it ought to be possible to pick dangerous mutations up quickly. That would mean sending samples from doctors’ surgeries to a central laboratory dedicated to sequencing, even wh
23、en nothing strange was suspected. And that would require organisation and money. Not every person with a sniffle need be tested—only a small, representative sample. But if this had happened in Mexico over the past few months, the generals of global health would have seen that something was coming do
24、wn from the hills and they could have mobilised sooner. Active caution, then, is what is called for. The world’s policymakers, most of whom live in the northern hemisphere, should not be fooled into thinking the new virus is going away for long, even if it declines over the next few months. Instead
25、 as in any phoney war, they should use the time they have been granted to reinforce the world’s defences by stocking up with antiviral medicine and making vaccines. They should also remember that, even if this flu turns out to be less frightening than feared, it is only a matter of time before a de
26、adlier one comes along. A drill today will help to spare millions of lives in the future. 四字格翻译汇总 注：这里只给出四字格脱离语境的翻译，放在上下文中一定根据句子要求进行调整。 预防为主 prevention first 综合治理 comprehensive control/management 全面推进 entire/all-round push-on 重点突破 breakthrough at key points 亲仁善邻 cordiality, benev
27、olence and good neighborliness 和睦相处 living in harmony with others 强不凌弱 The strong should not oppress the weak and the rich should not bully the poor. 协和万邦 All nations live side by side in perfect harmony. 海纳百川，有容乃大 One should be as inclusive as the ocean, which is vast because it admits hu
28、ndreds of rivers. 兼收并蓄 embrace everything that is useful 光阴似箭 Time flies like an arrow. /How time files! 一诺千金 / 有诺必践 Commitment should always be kept. 一如既往 unswervingly 和衷共济 solidarity; fighting together with one accord 亡国灭种 extinction; being conquered and destroyed 万众一心 pull together; j
29、oin hands; make joint efforts; be united as one 浩然气概 noble spirit 不屈节操 unyielding moral principle 赴汤蹈火 go through fire and water 殊死奋战 fight desperately; fight to death 可歌可泣 moved one to songs and tears 英勇卓绝 heroic and splendid 插科打诨 comic parts 精微深奥 profound and abstruse 博大精深 extensive
30、 and profound 源远流长 run a long history 天下为公 The world belongs to all the people. 天下兴亡，匹夫有责 Every man has a duty to his country. 吃苦耐劳 hard work and enduring hardship 勤俭持家 run the household industriously and frugally 尊师重教 respect teachers and attach importance to education 当务之急 urgent; imm
31、inent 不谋而合 coincide with 莘莘学子 students 青春洋溢 young 书香浓郁 academic/cultural atmosphere 朝气蓬勃 / 充满活力 dynamic; vigorous 多姿多彩 colorful 日新月异 change with each passing day 光芒四射 shining; brilliant 安居乐业 live and work happily and peacefully 相知无远近 万里尚为邻 Distance can never separate real friends.
32、 携手前进 join hands 名列前茅 rank top 形容词性四字格 举足轻重 decisive, vital, significant 光辉灿烂 glorious and magnificent 不可磨灭 indelible 无边无际 boundless 广袤富饶 vast and fertile 宏伟挺拔 towering magnificence 金壁辉煌 splendid and magnificent 玲珑剔透 exquisitely carved/made/wrought 蔚为壮观 splendid; spectacular 庄严肃穆 s
33、olemn 不屈不挠 unyielding, unrelenting, dauntless 动词性四字格 此起彼伏 rise one after another, keep cropping up 繁衍生息 live and multiply/reproduce 改朝换代 changes of dynasties 穷兵黩武 wantonly engage in military aggression; use all one’s armed might to indulge in wars of aggression 雅俗共赏 appeal to both re
34、fined and popular tastes 与日俱增 increase with each passing day, be steadily on the increase 极目远眺 look as far as the eye can see 按资排辈 to assign priority according to seniority 求同存异 seeking common ground while shelving/putting aside differences 流连忘返 linger on; be too delighted to leave 乐不思蜀 too
35、delighted to be homesick 不宣而战 start an undeclared war 尽收眼底 hold a panoramic view 扬长避短 play up strengths and avoid weaknesses 反腐倡廉 fight corruption and build a clean government 集思广益 draw on collective wisdom and absorb all useful ideas 辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new
36、 开拓进取 blaze new trails and forge ahead 延年益寿 prolong one’s life 审时度势 size up the trend of events 招商引资 attract investment 急功近利 eager for instant success and quick profits 扫黑扫黄 crack down on gangland and pornography 减员增效 downsize(and cut payroll) to improve efficiency 退耕还林 return cultiva
37、ted land to forest or pasture 互利互补 mutually complementary and beneficial 集资办学 raise money to set up new schools 寓教于乐 teach through lively activities 因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude 按劳分配 distribution according to performance 廉洁奉公 honestly perform one’s official duties 呕心
38、沥血 spare no efforts 画龙点睛 bring out the crucial point 名词性四字格 绿水青山 green hills and clear waters 墨客骚人 men of letters 奇花异草 exotic flowers and herbs 鱼米之乡 a land of milk and honey 奇峰异石 picturesque peaks and rocks 浓妆淡抹 heavy or light makeup 轩然大波 a great disturbance, a mighty uproar 凤毛麟角 rarit
39、y of rarities 层峦叠嶂 range upon range of mountains; the hills rise around… 崇山峻岭 steep mountains 雕梁画栋 carved beams and painted pillars 名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers 湖光山色 landscape of lakes and hills 青山绿水 green hills and clear waters 名胜古迹 scenic spots and historical sites 平等互利 equa
40、lity and mutual benefit 国计民生 national welfare and the people’s livelihood 灵丹妙药 panacea/miraculous cure 中流砥柱 mainstay, chief cornerstone 世外桃源 a haven of peace 长治久安 a long period of stability 按劳分配 distribution according to one’s performance 中口教程中的古诗文 在中高级口译的二阶段口试中，古诗文也是一大考点。我把《教程》（
41、第三版）中出现的古诗文整理了出来，中英对照以方便阅读，供诸位同学复习备考之用。 兴于诗，立于礼，成于乐（P199） It is by Odes that the mind is aroused. It is by the Rules of Propriety that the character is established. It is from the Music that the finished is received. 天行健，君子以自强不息。(P439) As Heaven’s movement is ever vigorous, so must a gentleman c
42、easelessly strive along. 有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？ It is such a delight to have friends coming from afar. 欲把西湖比西子，淡妆浓抹总相宜。(P448) Whatever her makeup, Xishi always radiates with beauty. So is the West Lake. 上有天堂下有苏杭(P424) Just as there is a paradise in Heaven, there are Suzhou and Hangzhou on earth. 桂林山水甲天下。(P450) The landscape of Guilin tops that of any other place under heaven. 山不在高，有仙则名；水不在深，有龙则灵。(P303) Any mountain can be famous with the presence of an immortal, and any river can be holy with the presence of a dragon.
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