流感词汇-四字格-诗文翻译汇总.doc

News review:
BEIJING - The A/H1N1 influenza virus is responsible for nearly 80 percent of China's total flu infections and most of the mass cases occurred in schools, according to a senior official with the Ministry of Health (MOH).

翻译：卫生部工作人员表示，目前中国所流行的流感病毒中，近80%是甲型H1N1流感病毒，随着天气转冷，疫情上升趋势将会进一步呈现。

Related Words and expressions
Epidemic 流行病
大流行的：pandemic
隔离：quarantine
be on a high alert: 高度警惕
symptom: 症状
suspected case: 疑似病例
confirmed case: 确认病例
respiratory: 呼吸的
be infected with: 被传染
human-to-human transmission: 人传染人
diarrhea: 腹泻
vomit: 呕吐
fatigue: 疲劳
sneeze: 打喷嚏
be cautious of: 对……谨慎，小心
WHO：世界卫生组织
flu vaccine流感疫苗
flu caseload感染病例数
shot注射，打针，（e.g. The nurse gave me a flu shot.护士给我打了治疗流感的针）
flu strain 流感病毒株
anti-viral medications抗病毒药物
make a vaccine against研制出一种抗……的疫苗
ease flu symptoms减轻流感症状
epidemiologists流行病学专家
pneumonias肺炎
incubation period潜伏期
outbreak爆发
mutate into a more dangerous strain突变成更危险病毒株
face mask面罩
test positive/negative检测呈阳性/阴性
develop a fever出现发烧/发热症状
precautionary measures预防措施
avoid contacts with避免与……接触
quarantee医学隔离
step up surveillance加强检测
flu jitters流感恐慌
contain遏制
stem the spread of the virus制止病毒的扩散
public health emergency of international concern国际关注的突发公共卫生事件

阅读文章：
The pandemic threat
Apr 30th 2009 From The Economist print edition
It’s deadly serious; so even if the current threat fades, the world needs to be better armed. IT IS said that no battle-plan survives contact with the enemy. This was certainly true of the plan drawn up over the past few years to combat an influenza pandemic. The generals of global health assumed that the enemy would be avian flu, probably passed from hens to humans, and that it would strike first in southern China or South-East Asia. In fact, the flu started in an unknown pig, and the attack came in Mexico, not Asia.
The hens, though, deserve some credit. The world has not had a pandemic (a global epidemic) of influenza since 1968. Four decades are long enough to forget that something is dangerous, and people might have done so had they not spent the past ten years considering the possibility that a form. of bird flu which emerged in Hong Kong in 1997 might be one mutation away from going worldwide.
The new epidemic was raised on April 29th to just one notch below the level of a certified pandemic by the World Health Organisation. In an effort to halt the spread of the disease, Mexico’s president, Felipe Calderón, has announced that non-essential services should close down between May 1st and 5th, and people should stay at home. Part of the reason for worry is that, unlike ordinary flu, which mostly carries off the old, the victims of this disease are mostly young and otherwise healthy.
Still, this epidemic has not actually killed many people yet. That there have been a mere handful of confirmed deaths is probably the result of a lack of proper tests. But even if all the possibles are counted in, a couple of hundred fatalities cannot compare with the 30,000 deaths caused in America each year by seasonal influenza. So how scared should we be?
Damned if you do, damned if you don’tAs far as this epidemic is concerned, it’s too early to tell. One unknown is how widespread the virus is in Mexico. If it is ubiquitous, and had not been noticed earlier because it emerged during the normal flu season, then this epidemic may turn out to be insignificant, at least to start with. No flu death is welcome, but in this case the new disease might not increase the immediate burden greatly. But if the new strain is relatively rare, or what is being seen now is a more dangerous mutation of what had once been a mild virus, then the proportion of infected people dying may already be high. The death-toll, then, will rise sharply as the disease spreads.
Either way, the authorities were right to hit red alert. Influenza pandemics seem to strike every few decades and to kill by the million—at least 1m in 1968; perhaps 100m in the “Spanish” flu of 1918-19. And even those that start mild can turn dangerous. That is because new viral diseases generally happen when a virus mutates in a way that allows it to jump species, and then continues to evolve to exploit its new host. If that evolution makes the virus more virulent, so much the worse for the host. HIV, the AIDS-causing virus, lived happily and benignly in chimpanzees before it became a scourge of people. In Mexico, the early indications are that two pig viruses that can infect people but rarely pass from person to person recombined with each other to create a virus which does so easily.
Changes in virulence have certainly happened before in influenza epidemics, which have struck in successive waves of different severity. The message is that it makes sense to put money and effort into containing the new infection even if it does turn out to be relatively harmless today. The more people who have the virus, the more virus particles there are for that one, fatal mutation to appear in.
Resistance is another reason to try to contain an epidemic early. New antiviral drugs that were not around during past epidemics seem to be effective against the current outbreak. But natural selection is a powerful force, and if the spread of the disease means they have to be used widely, a resistant strain of the virus could easily evolve.
Don’t wait till winterNow is the time to prepare for the worst. Flu—including pandemic flu—tends to be seasonal. The infection will probably tail off in the north over the next few months and head south as winter gets a grip on the Earth’s less populated hemisphere. It would make sense, therefore, to put the antiviral factories on overtime immediately, and try to develop, manufacture and distribute a vaccine.
Crash vaccine programmes pose their own risks. In 1976 flu vaccines killed a lot of people in America. But the growth of biotechnology means there are new ways of making vaccines and new types of vaccine to make. Mostly, these have been aimed at the threat of bird flu. But laboratories will already be clearing the decks to receive their first samples of the new swine flu, and getting to work on countermeasures.
And there is one further lesson. The system of checking for new diseases also needs to be improved. Partly because everyone was looking at Asia, no one was concentrating on Mexico. But as genetic sequencing becomes cheap and routine, it ought to be possible to pick dangerous mutations up quickly.
That would mean sending samples from doctors’ surgeries to a central laboratory dedicated to sequencing, even when nothing strange was suspected. And that would require organisation and money. Not every person with a sniffle need be tested—only a small, representative sample. But if this had happened in Mexico over the past few months, the generals of global health would have seen that something was coming down from the hills and they could have mobilised sooner.
Active caution, then, is what is called for. The world’s policymakers, most of whom live in the northern hemisphere, should not be fooled into thinking the new virus is going away for long, even if it declines over the next few months. Instead, as in any phoney war, they should use the time they have been granted to reinforce the world’s defences by stocking up with antiviral medicine and making vaccines. They should also remember that, even if this flu turns out to be less frightening than feared, it is only a matter of time before a deadlier one comes along. A drill today will help to spare millions of lives in the future.

四字格翻译汇总
注：这里只给出四字格脱离语境的翻译，放在上下文中一定根据句子要求进行调整。

预防为主 prevention first
综合治理 comprehensive control/management
全面推进 entire/all-round push-on
重点突破 breakthrough at key points
亲仁善邻 cordiality, benevolence and good neighborliness
和睦相处 living in harmony with others
强不凌弱 The strong should not oppress the weak and the rich should not bully the poor.  
协和万邦 All nations live side by side in perfect harmony.
海纳百川，有容乃大 One should be as inclusive as the ocean, which is vast because it admits hundreds of rivers.
兼收并蓄 embrace everything that is useful
光阴似箭 Time flies like an arrow. /How time files!
一诺千金 / 有诺必践 Commitment should always be kept.
一如既往 unswervingly
和衷共济 solidarity; fighting together with one accord
亡国灭种 extinction; being conquered and destroyed
万众一心 pull together; join hands; make joint efforts; be united as one
浩然气概 noble spirit
不屈节操 unyielding moral principle
赴汤蹈火 go through fire and water
殊死奋战 fight desperately; fight to death
可歌可泣 moved one to songs and tears
英勇卓绝 heroic and splendid
插科打诨 comic parts
精微深奥 profound and abstruse
博大精深 extensive and profound
源远流长 run a long history
天下为公 The world belongs to all the people.
天下兴亡，匹夫有责 Every man has a duty to his country.
吃苦耐劳  hard work and enduring hardship
勤俭持家 run the household industriously and frugally
尊师重教 respect teachers and attach importance to education
当务之急 urgent; imminent
不谋而合 coincide with
莘莘学子 students
青春洋溢 young
书香浓郁 academic/cultural atmosphere
朝气蓬勃 / 充满活力 dynamic; vigorous
多姿多彩 colorful
日新月异 change with each passing day
光芒四射 shining; brilliant
安居乐业 live and work happily and peacefully
相知无远近
万里尚为邻 Distance can never separate real friends.
携手前进 join hands
名列前茅 rank top

形容词性四字格 
举足轻重 decisive, vital, significant
光辉灿烂 glorious and magnificent
不可磨灭 indelible
无边无际 boundless
广袤富饶 vast and fertile
宏伟挺拔 towering magnificence
金壁辉煌 splendid and magnificent
玲珑剔透 exquisitely carved/made/wrought
蔚为壮观 splendid; spectacular
庄严肃穆 solemn
不屈不挠 unyielding, unrelenting, dauntless

动词性四字格 
此起彼伏 rise one after another, keep cropping up
繁衍生息 live and multiply/reproduce
改朝换代 changes of dynasties
穷兵黩武 wantonly engage in military aggression; use all one’s armed might to indulge in wars of aggression
雅俗共赏 appeal to both refined and popular tastes
与日俱增 increase with each passing day, be steadily on the increase
极目远眺 look as far as the eye can see
按资排辈 to assign priority according to seniority
求同存异 seeking common ground while shelving/putting aside differences
流连忘返 linger on; be too delighted to leave
乐不思蜀 too delighted to be homesick
不宣而战 start an undeclared war
尽收眼底 hold a panoramic view
扬长避短 play up strengths and avoid weaknesses
反腐倡廉 fight corruption and build a clean government
集思广益 draw on collective wisdom and absorb all useful ideas
辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new
开拓进取 blaze new trails and forge ahead
延年益寿 prolong one’s life
审时度势 size up the trend of events
招商引资 attract investment
急功近利 eager for instant success and quick profits
扫黑扫黄 crack down on gangland and pornography
减员增效 downsize(and cut payroll) to improve efficiency
退耕还林 return cultivated land to forest or pasture
互利互补 mutually complementary and beneficial
集资办学 raise money to set up new schools
寓教于乐 teach through lively activities
因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude
按劳分配 distribution according to performance
廉洁奉公 honestly perform one’s official duties
呕心沥血 spare no efforts
画龙点睛 bring out the crucial point
名词性四字格
绿水青山 green hills and clear waters
墨客骚人 men of letters
奇花异草 exotic flowers and herbs
鱼米之乡 a land of milk and honey
奇峰异石 picturesque peaks and rocks
浓妆淡抹 heavy or light makeup
轩然大波 a great disturbance, a mighty uproar
凤毛麟角 rarity of rarities
层峦叠嶂 range upon range of mountains; the hills rise around…
崇山峻岭 steep mountains
雕梁画栋 carved beams and painted pillars
名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers
湖光山色 landscape of lakes and hills
青山绿水 green hills and clear waters
名胜古迹 scenic spots and historical sites
平等互利 equality and mutual benefit
国计民生 national welfare and the people’s livelihood
灵丹妙药 panacea/miraculous cure
中流砥柱 mainstay, chief cornerstone
世外桃源 a haven of peace
长治久安 a long period of stability
按劳分配 distribution according to one’s performance

中口教程中的古诗文
在中高级口译的二阶段口试中，古诗文也是一大考点。我把《教程》（第三版）中出现的古诗文整理了出来，中英对照以方便阅读，供诸位同学复习备考之用。
兴于诗，立于礼，成于乐（P199）
It is by Odes that the mind is aroused. It is by the Rules of Propriety that the character is established. It is from the Music that the finished is received.
天行健，君子以自强不息。(P439)
As Heaven’s movement is ever vigorous, so must a gentleman ceaselessly strive along.
有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？
It is such a delight to have friends coming from afar.
欲把西湖比西子，淡妆浓抹总相宜。(P448)
Whatever her makeup, Xishi always radiates with beauty. So is the West Lake.
上有天堂下有苏杭(P424)
Just as there is a paradise in Heaven, there are Suzhou and Hangzhou on earth.
桂林山水甲天下。(P450)
The landscape of Guilin tops that of any other place under heaven.
山不在高，有仙则名；水不在深，有龙则灵。(P303)
Any mountain can be famous with the presence of an immortal, and any river can be holy with the presence of a dragon.