美丽中国（wildchina）第四集万里长城的塞外风光.doc

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长城始建于中国汉代
The Great Wall of China was built by the Han Chinese

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为了抵御来自北方的游牧民族而建
to keep out the nomadic tribes from the north

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当时把这些游牧民族称为戎狄
They called these people barbarians

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并且认为他们的土地贫瘠且
and their lands were considered barren

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不适宜人类生息
and uninhabitable

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中国的北方确实是一个笼罩在严酷寒冬之中的
Northern China is indeed a harsh place

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艰辛之地
of terrible winters

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无情的夏天
ferocious summers

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严酷的沙漠
harsh deserts

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但是这块多彩多姿的土地
But it is far from lifeless

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却充满了勃勃生机
With colorful places

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有着令人惊讶生物
surprising creatures

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奇风异俗的人民
amazing people

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以及独特的景致
and strange landscapes

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旅途越发深入 景致越发精彩
The further we travel, the more extreme it becomes

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长城以北的人民与野生生命
So how do people and wildlife cope

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是如何应对艰苦的自然环境和种种生存挑战
with hardships and challenges of life beyond the Wall

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仅以此献给我们多灾多难但美丽依旧的祖国
For our troubled but drop-dead beautiful motherland

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VCTT荣誉出品
VCTT proundly presents

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长城是中国古代
The northern limits of ancient China

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北部的边界
were defined by the Great Wall

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自东蜿蜒向西约5000公里
which meanders for nearly 5000km from east to west

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当时定居于中原地带的汉族人
The settled Han people of the Chinese heartland

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常常被被来自于北方的
were invaded many times by warlike tribes

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游牧部落所侵略
from the north

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长城的修建保护了汉族人免于
The Great Wall was built to protect the Han Chinese

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遭受侵略
from invasion

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为了展现勇猛豪迈的北方壮士
To meet those fearsome northerners

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以及这块土地上的野生生命
and the wild creatures who share their world

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我们必须离开庇护所
we must leave the shelter of the Wall

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深入探索未知的世界
and travel into the unknown

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中国的东北部在历史上被称为满洲
Northeast China was known historically as Manchuria

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她的上游河段与巴黎位于同一纬度
Its upper reaches are on the same latitude as Paris

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但是到了冬季 这儿却是——
but in winter, it is one of the coldest

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地球上最冷最不利于生存的地方
most hostile places on the planet

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刺骨的寒风定期从西伯利亚袭来
Bitter winds from Siberia

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并将气温降至零下四十度
regularly bring temperatures of 40° below 0

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四季常绿的茂密森林覆盖了这片土地
Dense forests of evergreen trees cover these lands

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难以穿越的大峡谷增添本来就
and a rugged terrain is made even more difficult

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崎岖不平的地形的复杂度
by impenetrable ravines

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从一条冰封的河流开始了我们的旅途
We start our journey on a frozen river

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蛇行于中国的最东北角与
snaking between China's northeastern most corner

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西伯利亚之间
and Siberia

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中国人叫她
The Chinese call it

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黑龙江
the "Black Dragon River"

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居住在这儿的人
The people who live here

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并非勇猛豪迈的北方壮士
aren't exactly fearsome warriors

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他们在严冬中奔忙求存
They are too busy coping with the harsh winter conditions

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并以创造性的方式
and they respond to the challenge

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去应对所面临的挑战
in some creative ways

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黑龙江是
The Black Dragon river is home to

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中国最小的族群
one of the smallest ethnic groups in China

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赫哲人的家园
the Hezhe people

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不只是自行车
It's not just bicycles

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与这个冰雪覆盖的世界不相称
that seem out of place in this icy world

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遗弃在一边的渔船和渔网
Fishing boats and nets lie abandoned

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离敞开的水面还有很长一段距离
a long way from open water

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在一米深的冰盖下面
Underneather a meter of solid ice

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游弋着不计其数的鱼儿
swim a huge variety of fish

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其中包括足以养活
including 500-pound sturgeon

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一个赫哲家庭一星期的500磅重的鲟鱼
enough to feed a family of Hezhe for weeks

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但是他们怎样捕捉到猎物呢
But how can they catch their quarries

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首先他们必须在冰面上凿穿一个
First they must chisel a hole through the ice

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够得着下面水面的洞
to reach the water below

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然后他们需要在冰面下
Then they need to set their fishing net

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布置渔网
under the ice

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这是一个真正的挑战
a real challenge

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第二个洞已经凿好了
A second hole is made

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距离第一个洞20米远
20 meters away from the first

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同时将一个重物系在线上丢进去
and a weighted string is dropped in

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然后用一个长竹竿钩住线
Then a long bamboo pole is used to hook the string

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把网送到冰下安置的地点
and pull the net into position beneath the ice

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过些日子
After a few days

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来检查渔网
the nets are checked

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这些日子以来
These days,

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几乎没有人能捕到一条稀有的大鲟鱼
almost nobody catches a rare giant sturgeon

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黑龙江就像是很多其他的河流一样
The Black Dragon river has been overfished

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已经被捕捞过度
like so many others

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但即使是捕到这样小的鱼
But even these smaller fish

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也是一件可喜可贺的事情
are a welcome catch

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几秒钟内鱼就被冻僵了
Frozen with in seconds

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这些鱼在保证新鲜的情况下
the fish are guaranteed to stay fresh

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被摇摆的自行车带回家
for the wobbly cycle right home

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位于黑龙江南面的森林
The forests that lie south of the Black Dragon river

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被冰雪覆盖超过半年了
are bound up in snow for more than half the year

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死一般的寂静
It's deathly silent

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这里大多数动物都已经冬眠
Most of the animals here are either hibernating

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或因寒冬得到来迁徙到南边去了
or have migrated south for the winter

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但是这里有一个例外

But there is an exception

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野猪漫步在东北的森林里
Wild boars roam the forests of the northeast

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正如赫哲人一样
Like the Hezhe people

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野猪们发现在在冬天觅食是件非常困难的事情
the boars find it difficult to gather food in winter

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在严寒的环境里
Staying close together may help them to keep warm

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靠近点儿能让他们暖和点儿
in the extreme cold

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还有一个群居的理由
But there is another reason for group living

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就是更能留意着周围的危险
more ears to listen out for danger

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东北虎也住在这些森林里
Siberian tigers also live in these forests

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但是现在
But these days

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只算关在笼子里的
only in captivity

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整个中国的东北虎
There may be less than a dozen

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可能也不足十二只了
wild Siberian tigers left in China

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尽管繁育中心有许多东北虎
though there are many more in breeding centers

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这个横道河子围场
This enclosure of Hengdaohezi

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从1986年开始繁育虎
started breeding tigers in 1986

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为中国药材市场
to supply bones and body parts

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提供虎骨和虎其他部分
for the Chinese medicine market

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中国在20世纪90年代禁止老虎身体部位的交易
Trade in tiger parts was banned in China in the 1990s

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所以现在的繁育中心
and the breeding center

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成了旅游景点
is now just a tourist attraction

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东北的森林一直延伸到中国 俄国 以及内蒙古交界
The forests of northeast stretch to where the chinese, Russian and Mongolian borders meet

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这是大批的动物在迁徙
Here, a surprising herd of animals is on the move

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几百年前
The reindeer were introduced to china hundreds of years ago

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驯鹿被来自西伯利亚的鄂温克人
by the nomadic Ewenki people

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传入了中国
who came here from Siberia

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四月的下旬
It's late April

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这位妇女正在召唤驯鹿
and the women are calling int heir reindeer

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这些驯鹿是半野驯鹿
which are semi-wild

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它们在森林里度过了整个冬天
and have spent all winter away in the forest.

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人鹿的关系很特别
This a very special relationship

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每头驯鹿都有自己的名字
Each reindeer has its own name

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许多驯鹿是由这位妇女一手养大的
and many were hand-reared by these women

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分开几个月后他们又聚在一起了
finally reunited after months apart

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他们将一起生活到秋天
They will now remain together until autumn

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这位鄂温克妇女急切地查看动物们的情况
The Owenke women are anxious to check the condition of their animals

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看看哪头驯鹿怀孕了
and to see which of the reindeer might be pregnant

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81岁的Malia Suel
81-year old, Malia Suel

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在寒冷的北方始终过着游牧生活
is one of only 30 Owenke people still living their nomadic life

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过这种生活的鄂温克人只有30个了
in these cold northern lands.

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几乎她所有的族人
Almost all her fellow Owenke

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放弃了森林生活
have given up the forest life.

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搬进了现代城市的钢筋水泥房子里
to settle in concrete houses in modern cities .

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现在放牧驯鹿的人像东北虎那样少了
The reindeer herders are now almost as rare as wild Siberian tigers

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这一家将喜添新丁了
There is about to be a new addition to the family.

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这位妇女像接生婆一样
The women act as midwives to the new born calves

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照料刚出生的鹿仔度过新生
helping to nurture them through their first precious minutes of life.

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但是它们周围的世界日新月异
But the world around them is changing fast.

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他们可能是能承受这种生活的最后一代了
This could be the last generation this ancient partnership will endure.

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这或许就是长城北边的部落民族
This is hardly the image of the dangerous tribal people

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生活的缩影
that the Great Wall was built to keep at bay.

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顺着中国和北朝鲜的边境
Along China's border with North Korea

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有这一地区最著名的山
is this region's most famous moutain

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长白山
Changbaishan

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长白山意思是“长白”
Its name means ever white

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它环抱着世界上最高的火山湖
and it harvest the world's higheat volcanic lake

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尽管在五月中旬这里仍然白雪皑皑
Even in mid May there is still ice everywhere

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这里也有季节变化的征兆
but there are signs that the seasons are changing

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从南边吹来的暖风
Warmer winds arrive from the south

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在几个星期的时间里
and within a few short weeks

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就使长白山发生了变化
Changbai Mountain is transformed.

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水再度自山坡流下
Water begins to flow down the mountainside once more

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润泽了大地
replenishing the landscape.

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六月来了
It's June

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昆虫们准备享用取之不尽的花
and insects emerge to take advantage of the abundance of flowers.

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候鸟迁徙到了温暖的环境里
The warm weather sees the arrival of migrant birds

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在南方过冬的野翁鸟
Stonechats that have spent the winter in the south of China

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回到这里哺育幼鸟
return here to raise their chicks

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周围有丰富的昆虫作为食物
With so many insects around

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野翁鸟可能要生好几窝小鸟呢
the stonechats may have several broods

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从长白山向西
Heading west from Changbai Mountain

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森林逐渐变成了起伏的草原
the forests give way to rolling grasslands

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长城一直延伸到远方
The Great Wall stretches off into the distance

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被看做是内蒙古大草原的南界
defining the southern limits of the vast Mongolian steppe

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长城北面是广阔的草原
North of the Wall are huge areas of grassland

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我们路途中有一个地方很重要
but one place on our journey is particularly significant

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高草丛中
In the tall grass

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赤狐正在哺育幼狐
a family of red foxes is raising its cubs

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现在，它们享有这片草原
Today, they have this meadow pretty much to themselves

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但事情并不总是这样的
But it wasn't always the case

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八百年前
Eight centuries ago

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这里应该有丰富的居民
this palce would've been teeming with people

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