医学摘要标题和副标题.doc

英语医学科研论文摘要写作

标题(Title)

　　　Titles are to be written to be understood by those in your field, telling them exactly wha

t you have done in your work.（告诉你的同行确切研究了什么）
　　无论何种形式的标题，都是为了达到本文开始所说的标题写作的三个基本要求：简明扼要、信息丰富、便于索引。
1） Short and concise（简明扼要）：Write in one line (not a sentence); not containing an active verb; not exceeding 25 words or 120-140 letters and spaces; no abbreviations or chemical symbols except those that are generally accepted, e.g. DNA, RNA, AIDS, CT, etc.;
　　2）Informative（信息丰富）：State exactly what you want the reader to know about your paper and your work;
　　3）Indexing（便于索引）：Pack as many key words or indexing terms as possible into the title without overloading it; key words not in the title will be in the abstract or can go in the "Key Words" section of the paper; key words are usually in the beginning or ending place of the title. 要求尽量把关键词（索引词）安排在标题最前面或最后面的位置上
　　根据以上三条基本原则，注意观察对以下标题的修改：
　　示例：
　　1）视网膜小血管变化是冠状动脉疾病的一个指标
　　Original: Retinal arteriolar changes are an indicator of coronary artery disease

问题：标题中应尽量避免使用活用动词 (active verb), 即谓语动词，一般采用名词短语型结构。
　　Revised: Retinal arteriolar changes as an indicator of coronary artery disease

　　2) 用大剂量氨甲喋呤治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病的初步体会
Original: Preliminary experience in using high dose of methotrexate to treat ALL

问题：(1) 应尽量避免使用"初步体会"，"初步研究"，"初步经验"之类没有实际意义的词; (2) 除了像AIDS, DNA等已通用的缩略语外，标题中应尽量避免使用缩略语，如ALL应写全称；（3）尽量避免使用动词
　　Revised: High dose methotrexate therapy in acute lymphocytic leukemia
　　或：Use of high dose methotrexate in (the) treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia

　　3) 关于饮食中钾含量与血压关系的研究
　　Original: A research of the relationship between the content of potassium in diet and blood pressure

问题：（1）具体的研究一般用study表述 (research一般作不可数名词处理，如much research has been done on…)；标题中如果"研究"一词前没有限定词，一般都省略，比较：A prospective clinical study of isoniazid-refampicin-pyrazinamide-induced liver injury in an area endemic for hepatitis；（2）表述过于繁琐
　　Revised: Dietary potassium and blood pressure

　　为了满足标题写作的上述，有时对较长标题可采用副标题（subtitle）处理，如出现：
　　1)病例数时，如：对急症室连续170例腹痛病例的回顾性研究
Original: A retrospective study on 170 consecutive cases of abdominal pain in the emergency room
　　问题：关键词不突出
　　Revised: Abdominal pain in the emergency room: Retrospective study of 170 consecutive cases

　　2) 研究性质/方法时，如：用磁共振成象术对正常怀孕期间垂体增大进行活体内研究
　　Original: Use MRI to conduct an in vivo study on the enlargement of the pituitary gland during normal pregnancy

问题：（1）关键词不突出；（2）过多使用了动词
　　Revised: Pituitary gland growth during normal pregnancy: An in vivo study using magnetic resonance imaging

　　3) 并列结构时，如：军队卫生防疫工作中出现的问题、原因与对策的初探
Original: A preliminary study on the problems, causes and countermeasures in health and epidemic prevention work of CPLA

　　问题：（1）"初探"是多余的；（2）外国人知道CPLA吗？（3）主题不够突出
　　Revised: Military health and epidemic prevention: Problems, causes and countermeasures

　　4) 解释性用词时，如：一例系统性红斑狼疮出现胰腺炎病例报告及文献综述
　　Original: A case report of SLE appearing pancreatitis and review of literatures

问题：（1）"appear"为不及物动词，不能跟宾语；(2)SLE应使用全称; (3)关键词不够突出；（4）literature一般为不可数名词
　　Revised: Pancreatitis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): A case report and review of the literature

　　5) 提问或选择时，如：听诊器是潜在的医院感染源吗？
Original: Is stethoscope a potential source of nosocomial infection?

　　Revised: Stethoscope: a potential source of nosocomial infection?