定语从句讲解的思维导图.doc

定语

形容词
介词短语
非谓语动词短语
前置I have a good friend.
后置I want to do something interesting.
后置The boy in white is my friend.
后置I don’t have a house to live in.
修饰名词或代词的成分
常译为“的”
句子
后置I like students who like English.

定语从句

引导词
特殊情况
注意事项
先行词是人，用who
先行词非人，用which
宾格whom
用that不用which的条件
用which不用that的条件
无引导词：先行词在定从中作宾语，引导词可省略
先行词在定从中作主语，定从谓动单复数由先行词决定
one of+复数名词，作先行词，谓动用复数
the (only) one of, the very/right+复数名词，作先行词，谓动用单数
作定语的句子，即“的”
可以作名词或代词的定语
万能钥匙that

引导词用that，不用which的条件

①先行词前有最高级修饰；或先行词就是最高级；
②先行词前有序数词修饰；或先行词就是序数词；
③先行词前有the only, the right, the last, just, the same, the very等词修饰；
④先行词是不定代词all,everything,one等词；或先行词前有不定代词修饰时；
⑤先行词中既有人又有物；

⑥主句是which或who引导的特殊疑问句；

⑦There be 句型中

引导词用which，不用 that的条件

①引导词前有介词，如：in which;on which;with whom
②先行词是that, those

不用that的条件
介词后用whom，which，不用that

人
主
who
关系代词
引导词
人
宾
whom
物
主/宾
which
人/物
主/宾
that
人/物
定
whose=of whom人 =of which物

时间
状
when=in which/ on which=at which
关系副词
地点
状
where=in which/ at which
原因
状
why=for which

近七年河北中考定语从句原题再现
2006年42.The book he bought yesterday is very interesting.
A.不填 B.why C.when D.what
2007年 41. Do you know the man _______ is sitting behind Nancy?
A. what B. which C. who D. whom
2008年36. This is the dictionary________Mun gave me for my birthday.
A.which           B.what               C.whose         D.whom
2009年41. Sorry, we don’t have the coat _____ you need.
A. what B. who C. whom D. which
2010年43. There are lots of things___________ I need to prepare before the trip.
A. who B. that C. whom D. whose
2011年43.The teachers______came for a visit are foreigners.
A.who B.whom C.whose D.which

2012年无

定从引导词判定拓展：引导词（以先行词在定从中所作成分为准）
(1)先行词在定从中作主/宾的判定标准：引导词后是动词，则作主语；否则作宾语
The book he bought yesterday is very interesting.
A.不填 B.why C.when D.what
Do you know the man ___ is sitting behind Nancy?
A. what B. which C. who D. whom
(2)先行词在定从中充当定语的判定标准：引导词的位置译为“的”
I live in a house _________ window is small.
A.which B.who C.whom D.whose
(3)先行词在定从中充当状语的判定标准：先行词放入定从中，缺少介词连接。
Is this the river where I can swim?
I love the place where I was born.
This is the school which/that I visited yesterday.
I’ll never forget the day when we won the first prize.
I’ll never forget the day that/which we spent together.
I want to know the reason why you were late yesterday.

典型例题：
(1)Is this factory the one that you visited yesterday?
A.the one what B.which C.one which D.the one that
(2)I like music that I can dance to.先行词在定从中作宾语,要保持定从与先行词连接完整性

拓展练习题
1. I'd like a room ________ window looks out over the sea.
2. July and August are the months ________the weather is hot.
3. She's going home ________ she can rest.
4. Do you know the reason ________ I left early?
5. He is the man ________ car was stolen.
6. The girl ________ father is a doctor comes from Shanghai.
7. 1994 was the year ________ he was born.
8. This is the village ________ he was born
9. That’s the hotel ________ we were staying last year.
10. Give me one reason ________ we should help you.