海洋经中的游艇经济1.docx

海洋经济
Oceanic Economy
定义：人类在开发利用海洋资源过程中的生产、经营、管理等活动的总称。
Definition: Oceanic economy involves the production, operation and management based on the use of oceanic resources.
现代海洋经济包括为开发海洋资源和依赖海洋空间而进行的生产活动，以及直接或间接为开发海洋资源及空间的相关服务性产业活动，这样一些产业活动而形成的经济集合均被视为现代海洋经济范畴。主要包括海洋渔业、海洋交通运输业、海洋船舶工业、海盐业、海洋油气业、滨海旅游业。
Contemporary oceanic economy mainly involves the production based and business operation based on direct or indirect development of oceanic resources, which ranges from oceanic fishing industry, Shipbuilding Industry, sea salt industry to Offshore oil and gas industry and coastal tourism industry.
海洋经济中的游艇经济
Yachting industry
游艇经济属于海洋船舶工业、滨海旅游业等相关产业的一部分，下面让我们一起分析游艇经济的具体发展形势。
Yachting industry originates from shipbuilding industry and coastal tourism industry, the growth and development of yachting industry will be elaborated in the following.

游艇经济的分析
The analysis of yachting industry
世界游艇经济发展阶段
The development of yachting industry worldwide
游艇、高尔夫、私人飞机，被世界公认休闲业含金量最高的三大领域。 世界游艇经济发展经历了三个阶段：
Yacht, golf, and private airplane are considered the top three causal activities and facilities worldwide. The development of world's yachting industry has gone through three phases.
第一阶段：游艇私人消费阶段。游艇素有海上行宫之称，世界上最早的游艇诞生于三百多年以前的英国。自那时起，游艇就成为西方上流社会地位和身份的标志。
Phase 1: yachts are purchased as personal properties to show royal and upper class status.
第二阶段：游艇会（或游艇俱乐部）消费阶段。
Phase 2: Yachts appear in yacht clubs or organizations.
第三阶段：游艇的大众消费阶段。这一阶段是游艇经济发展的深度延展阶段，游艇经济由于显著的综合经济效应，成为一个地区经济发展程度的一种标志。
Phase 3: Yachts can be affordable by more people, which is considered a symbol that suggests a degree of economic development.
游艇经济产业链
Yachting industrial chain
游艇经济完整的产业链为，从游艇制造到游艇俱乐部的服务、再到与游艇相关的度假、休闲、旅游及各种商务活动，并包括游艇驾照培训和考核、专用码头建设和管理、游艇维修、俱乐部建设和运营管理、零配件制造、内部环境装修、专业保险等。
Yachting industry chain primarily involves services offered by yachting clubs, business and casual activities related to yachting industry, training and certificating, repairment and construction, club founding and operation, etc.
游艇除了是一种有品位的休闲旅游方式外，更重要的是它作为一个地区经济发展程度的标志和吸引投资的形象，被誉为“城市的名片”，会对当地的餐饮、交通、公共服务、维修保养及配备等具有带动作用，并有助于优化水上旅游业的结构，具有显著的综合经济效应。
Yacht is not only a high quality mean of tourism, but also a local image that is able to draw business investment, which is helping accelerate local economic growth.
市场规模
market
世界游艇年消费额高达400亿美元，与万吨邮轮市场相当，并以每年10% 的速度增长。如果加上相关的维修、管理、娱乐等费用，全球每年的游艇经济收入超过500亿美元。全球发达国家平均每171人就拥有一艘游艇，挪威、新西兰等地更高达每8人拥有一艘，就连内陆国家瑞士也达到每69人拥有一艘。中国虽然海岸线总长3.2万公里，其中大陆海岸线1．8万公里，岛屿海岸线1．4万公里，但人均拥有游艇数量上非常落后（这也预示着增长的潜力）。
The annual cost in the purchase of yachts is 40 billion dollars, in contrast with liners, the number is consistently increased by 10 percent each year. In developed countries, every 171 people owns a yacht averagely, furthermore, in Norway and New Zealand the number is up to 8, however, the average number is much less in China even though we have 32 thousand -kilometer-long coast line, which is also a good sign for potential growth.
据中国交通运输协会邮轮游艇分会（ＣＣＹＩＡ）调查：从全球看，游艇消费市场是多元化的，游艇的价格从一二十万元到几亿几十亿元人民币不等。既有贵族富豪专属的超级游艇，但更多的是白领阶层、中产阶级买得起的帆船、钓鱼艇、快艇、休闲艇。
According to the research by CCYIA, the purchase of yachts is varied worldwide, the price ranges from 200 thousand to billions of RMB, including luxury yachts for wealthy and casual yachts for middle class and white collars.
北美占世界游艇市场份额的55．9％，大多数游艇销售单价在1．5万~5万美元之间，豪华游艇的销量只占2．5％；欧洲市场占世界游艇市场份额38．4％，出售的游艇较为大型和豪华，但平均单价也只有11万美元，合80万人民币。美国共有1700万游艇用户，其中70％是帆船，80％是5万美元以下的中小游艇，前几年美国市场出售的游艇平均单价为27639美元，不到20万人民币；欧洲84％的游艇也是几万欧元的中小游艇（帆船）。
North America is comprised 55 percent of the world's yachting market, and most of the yachts that were sold cost from 15 thousand to 50 thousand dollars, luxury yachts only accounts for 2.5 percent. Europe is the second place and accounts for 38.4 percent of the market, many yachts that were sold in Europe are eighter luxurious or full-size, of which price is only 110 thousand dollars or 800 thousand RMB. In America, the yachts that have been sold in the past few years are averagely worth 27639 dollars, less than 200 thousand RMB.
游艇制造业的分析
The analysis of Yacht Building
从全球游艇市场总体看，美国、意大利、法国和英国等欧美国家主导着市场。从生产量看，美国每年建造休闲游艇2万艘左右，居世界第一位。2007年法国和英国的产量分居二、三位年产量分别为7900艘和3300艘。而休闲游艇的全球出口三大国分别是法国、英国和德国，三个国家的年均出口量分别为4300艘、2100艘和1900艘。
In general, yachting industry is led by the US, Italy, France and England. In terms of production, America builds 20 thousand casual yachts a year and tops the market, which is followed by France and England. France, England and Germany export the biggest number of yachts, the number is 4300, 2100 and 1900 respectively.
游艇制造业最突出的特点是它的高附加值，供应链长，配套环节多，生产方式复杂，技术程度高，劳动力密集，运用的工艺精巧，产业链关联性大，涵盖金属加工、化工、木器制造、复合材料、涂料、电子仪器、电器设备、通信、航海器材，雷达和卫星导航,通信等各种技术。21世纪是海洋的世纪，发展游艇制造业是海洋经济的朝阳产业，更是许多国家和地区发展经济的新增长点，能够带动一大批相关和配套产业，为社会经济带来巨大的发展机遇。
The most attractive feature of yachting industry is the produce of high added value and the access to various advanced technology. The business competition in 21st century will be focused on the development of oceanic resources, followed by the growth and proseprity of other related industries, bringing more opportunities to the society.

中国大陆游艇消费市场分析市场分析
The analysis of the consumption of Yachts in Mainland, China
我国是一个海洋大国，拥有9万个湖泊、6500个岛屿、1．8万公里海岸线，具备游艇消费的自然地理条件。中国游艇的发展已经进入了17个省，其中有64个城市正在进行山水资源的开发和码头资源建设。就私人游艇而言，中国各地已涌现近百个正式注册营业的游艇俱乐部，还有一批正在规划和建设中。
China is a large country with 90 thousand lakes and rivers, 6500 islands and 18 thousand -kilometer coast line, which bears a natural geographic advantage for the consumption of yachts. Yachting industry has expanded to 17 provinces in China, 67 cities among which are starting to develop mountain and water resources and build docks. In reference to private yachts, hundreds of officially registered yachting clubs have appeared.
中国的中等收入阶层家庭6年后将达1亿个，户均拥有资产62万元。这1亿中产阶层家庭就是潜力巨大的游艇消费市场。社科院报告也指出，中国现阶段中产阶层占就业人口15％并将以每年1％的速度增长。在今后3－5年里，游艇休闲、运动将成为人们娱乐生活的重要选择，游艇海上运动将成为海洋旅游、个性消费和追求品味的新亮点。
The number of middle class family in China will rise to 1 billion in 6 years, the average property will be 620 thousand RMB. The 1 billion middle class family will be the main attraction to the consumption of yachts. The study shows that the number of Chinese middle class population will be raised by 1 percent each year. In the next 3-5 years yachting will be our primary choice when it comes to oceanic tourism and stylish activities.

据游艇资深经营者分析，买一艘游艇的费用应该不高于本身资产的10％，所以说如果买一艘50万元的游艇，本身资产应该在500万元以上，这样就局限了很多人以买车、买房那样的热情去购买游艇。在中国游艇经济的起步发展阶段，游艇租赁将有力推动游艇消费，让更多的城市白领零距离接触游艇、了解游艇、享受海上生活。
Yachting expert says, one shouldn't spend more than 10 percent of his property in buying a yacht. It means that if you are likely to buy a yacht that costs 500 thousand then you should at least own 5 million. That saying would have stopped a lot of people from buying yachts like the way they pay for cars or houses. At the beginning stage, providing renting service can allow more white collars to experience and learn more about yachts and oceanic lifestyle.
游艇业与海南国际旅游岛
Yachting industry in Hainan province
游艇业作为新兴产业受到很多地方领导的高度重视，纷纷对游艇业的发展寄予厚望，把它作为城市品牌。由中国交通运输协会和海南省旅游发展委员会、海口市人民政府联合举办的博鳌国际旅游论坛2010海口游艇经济主题论坛作为中国游艇新兴产业的年度盛会，也是走近游艇生活的又一平台。在海口游艇经济主题论坛上，成立了全国游艇俱乐部协作联盟，宣布中国第一家游艇交易所落户海口，举办游艇展示、试乘和游艇婚礼等活动，发布《2009－2010中国游艇产业发展报告》，发表《博鳌国际旅游论坛（海口）游艇发展宣言》。
Many provinces place emphases on the development of yachting industry and try to make it local image. 2010 Haikou Yachting Forum was held in Bo'ao and claimed the establishment of National Yachting Club Association League and the first yacht bourse.
海南省发展游艇产业的优势
The advantage for developing Yachting industry in Hainan province
一、 地理位置优越。海南省位于我国的最南端，是唯一的热带地区。海域面积广大，光热条件优越，长夏无冬，水域温度适中，水质优良，常年可开展户外旅游活动。另外，海岸线长、港湾众多，滨海旅游资源丰富。这些都为开展游艇旅游提供了坚实的自然资源条件。
1. Hainan is located in the southest area of China and only tropical area with massive maritime space and modest temperature of water. Besides, Hainan has long coast line and a big amount of bays, along with a wide range of oceanic tourism resources, holding a certain edge to develop yachting industry.
二、国家政策的支持。中央政府明确提出“海南建设国际旅游岛是国家发展的重大战略部署，国务院各有关部门要高度重视，进一步解放思想，在政策、资金、项目安排等方面给予特殊扶持。”海南省政府出台的《海南省游艇管理试行办法》更是中国第一部专门规范游艇产业发展的地方性规章，从出台即日起境内外非经营性活动的游艇在海南检验登记将更加宽松、认证更加灵活、出入境手续更加简便、通关更加快捷、游览观光的空间更大。
2. As planned, Hainan is going to be built to be a international tourism destination. Hainan will gain support from central government regardless of policy or financial aid.
三、迅速发展的旅游业优势。作为中国唯一的热带海洋岛屿地区，海南旅游资源条件优越，旅游业发展迅速。尤其是国际旅游岛建设以来，呈现不断加快发展态势。2011年上半年，海南省接待过夜国内外游客1441.93万人次，同比增长8.94%。其中，接待国内游客1403.55万人次、接待入境游客38.38万人次，分别同比增长8.86%、12.06%。
3. As the only one tropical island, Hainan was born with natural edge and advantage to develop tourism. Especially since the prililege was granted, Hainan tourism industry is booming. During the first half of 2011, 1441.930,000 tourists paid their visit to Hainan, increased by 8.94 percent compared to last year. There were 1403.550,000 domestic visitors and 380 thousand foreign visitors, and increased by 8.86 percent and 12.06 percent respectively.
海南应充分发挥资源和政策优势，制定好游艇产业未来发展的规划，加快基础设施建设，进一步开放相关政策， 抓好游艇业与旅游业的契合点，借鉴国外成功的发展模式，发展游艇经济，促进海洋经济。
相关行业促进政策
Hainan should take advantage of its natural resources and privilege to improve public facilities and promote the development of yachting industry and oceanic economy based on a long-term plan.
1、2009年12月1日，国务院下发《关于加快发展旅游业的意见》，首次提出，“把旅游业培育成国民经济的战略性支柱产业；要培育新的旅游消费热点，支持有条件的地区发展邮轮、游艇等新兴旅游；把邮轮、游艇等旅游装备制造业纳入国家鼓励类产业目录”。
1. December 1st, 2009, the state council affirmed the importance of developing tourism industry and creating new tourism spots, encouraging the development of liner and yachting industry.
2、2010年1月4日国务院发布了《国务院关于推进海南国际旅游岛建设发展的若干意见》，正式对海南“国际旅游岛”发展目标进行了批复。《意见》中提到积极发展邮轮游艇产业，这也让地方政府发展游艇产业有了底气。
2. January 4th 2010, the state council made official approval for Hainan to develop yachting industry.
3. 随着2009年1月1日起《游艇安全管理规定》的施行，意味着游艇跨海区巡游成为可能，这是我国游艇航行的又一重大突破。
3. As the implementation of the Yacht safety regulations from January 1st 2009, the possibility for yachts to cross different sea area comes true.
4. 在游艇界各方推动下，国家海事局发布《游艇安全管理工作实施意见》（海事[2010]352号文），该意见为促进游艇业以及水上旅游经济的健康发展，进一步提出了业界期盼的多项游艇安全管理实施意见。
4. With the effort of yachting society, national maritime bureau has issued safety regulations to protect the benefit of yachting industry.
借鉴台湾游艇制造业的发展模式
Using Taiwan yacht building industry for reference

台湾游艇业发达，一直是全球小型低价游艇的生产地。如今它正迅速成为豪华游艇的主要制造中心。这一转变进一步证明，曾以大众市场技术闻名的台湾正转变为一个高端增值产品制造中心。
Yachting industry is well developed in Taiwan province. Taiwan used to be known as a major manufacturer of small-size yachts, but now it has become a effective producer of luxury yachts.
台湾的游艇主要以外销为主，深得众多富豪名人的喜爱，著名F1车手舒马赫、前NBA明星皮蓬以及众多香港富豪，都对台湾制造的豪华游艇情有独钟。路易威登总裁家族、ESPRIT全球主席、高盛公司亚洲副董事长，除了都是名流富豪以外，他们还拥有一个共同点那就是拥有一艘台湾制造的游艇。过去几年，台湾的工业区闲置状况严重，产业纷纷出走，但台湾的游艇业却交出了一张漂亮的成绩单。台湾游艇成为富豪最爱，在国际知名大型游艇专业杂志关于游艇制造业全球国家和地区排名中，台湾在2002年名列第六位，2005年上升至第五位，仅次于意大利、美国、荷兰与英国。
Yachts that are made in Taiwan are quite popular among the wealthy and celebrities such as NBA players and F1 racers. Taiwan ranks No.6 and follows Italy America, Holland and England in the latest ranking made by a famous international yacht magazine.

以上成就来源于从90年代后期台湾游艇业开始的质变和升级。
1) 开始转变以往只生产低价小型游艇的方式，努力学习欧美游艇厂商的先进设计和建造技术，开发具有市场竞争力的新船型，舍弃单价8万美元的小型游艇市场，转向单价100万美元的大中型豪华游艇市场，朝大型化、高附加值方向发展，开始生产长度在18米以上的大中型游艇。
1. Taiwan has learned experience and advanced technology from European and American yacht manufacturers, and designed new yachts that are considered competitive. The main business shifts from producing small-size yachts to building full-size and luxury yachts, focusing on producing added value.

2) 其次是走独特设计路线，为客户做独一无二的产品。传统游艇制造厂使用固定船模建造船体，成本低、生产速度快、可大量制造，缺点是船模固定，同样长度的游艇外形“长得都一样”。富人们花巨资买游艇，最怕的就是开出海后碰到“长得一模一样”的游艇，这就好比女人害怕在宴会上“撞衫”一样。出于这样的考虑，台湾的游艇业者决定每造一艘游艇就开一次模，尽管生产周期拉长、成本增加，但该做法却大大提高了台湾游艇的国际竞争力，为厂家赢得了更多的订单。
3) Focus on manufacturing yachts that are not identical to each other.No one would pay millions of money to get a yacht that looks familiar with others. So a new modal will be created as a yacht is going to be built. Even though the producing cycle will be prolonged, the manufacturer earns more orders and reputation.

3) 在游艇内部装饰上走精致路线。据游艇业者称，早年台湾游艇的油漆只刷3遍，现在一刷就是18遍，为的是要让外壳亮如镜面。过去一艘游艇统一使用一种木材，现在则是提供20种以上的木材让客户选择。此外，游艇业者还根据客户需求，配备最新科技的涡轮引擎、卫星定位系统、数字式航海图，每个房间内装设有液晶电视、按摩浴缸、酒吧等。据岛内媒体报道，台湾高鼎公司为路易威登总裁制造的豪华游艇，单装潢费用就高达10亿元新台币，船内的隔音、避震及家具全部从欧洲进口一流材料打造。为隔绝船上不同的噪音，就使用了7种隔音材质。
3. The cabin of the yacht is decorated nicely. In the past, the paint used to be done with only 3 layers but now it should be done with at least 18 layers. And there are more than 20 types of wood among customer's choice. Plus, manufacturers provide costume-made service, advanced equipments and facilities will be set up to meet customer's specific requirement.
此次升级质变，加上前几年赶上世界经济繁荣，岛内各厂家纷纷接到大量国外游艇订单。台湾游艇制造业终于“死而复生”，近年来行业发展的年增长率超过10％，再次成为亚洲最大的游艇制造地区。2007年12月止，台湾岛内各家厂商总计出口游艇235艘，出口金额达92.5亿元新台币，平均每艘游艇价值近4000万元新台币。出口量占全球市场的6%，排名世界第5，仅次于意大利、美国、荷兰和英国（它们各占全球市场的43.6%、11.7%、9.2%与8%）。
Throughout the change, yacht manufacturers in Taiwan received numerous orders from other countries, which brought Taiwan Yachting industry back from death. With 10 percent of increase in yearly avenue, again has Taiwan become the biggest yacht manufacturer. By December in 2007, the export volume of yachts accounts for 6 percent of the global market and ranked No. 5 in the world.