1、记住音标拼写规则,再也不用担心背单词 对于很多人来说,背单词都是个大问题 26个字母的各种排列,再加上还有各种形近词,要记住那么多简直不可能 其实,英语单词的拼写和读音是有规律可循的,记好下面这些音标和字母的对应规则,保证你从此再也不担心背单词了! 注意:音素和字母是两套系统,有着本质的区别,但是两者也是有联系的,在英语中什么字母读什么音都是有规律的,这个规律就是读音规则,比如:class[klɑ:s],字母和音素是对应的,c读作/k/;l读作/l/;a读作/ɑ:/;ss读作/s/.所以从此中角度来说,音标有两个作用:首先是单词的读音,这是音标的首要作用,还有就是:记忆单词的工具和媒介
2、通过音标记单词可以起到提示的作用。并且能够合二为一,即把音标和单词合起来,成为一体,靠的就是读音规则。这也是记忆单词的根本方法,一定要坚决贯彻到底。 音标和字母的关系(读音规则)简言之:在英语中什么字母读什么音是有规律的,这个规律就是读音规则 总则:元音字母读元音,辅音字母读辅音 开音节:a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name, bike ; b) 辅音+元音 he, go, hi 闭音节:a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad, , sit, hot, cup; b)元音+辅音it 重读音节、次重读音节和非重读音节 在一个单词的读音当中,往往有的音节读得重,有的音节
3、读得轻。读得重的音节叫重读音节(其注音左上角有重读符号“ˊ”),读得轻的音节叫非重读音节,介于重读音节和非重读音节之间的音节叫次重读音节(其注音左下角有次重读符号“'”)。例如:Chi▪ na [ˊtʃainə];Jap▪ a▪ nese[¸dʒæpəˊni: z] 元音 1、元音字母在开音节中发字母本身的音或长音:即: a/ei/或/a:/如:cake[keik]蛋糕、 afternoon[ˌɑ:ftəˈnu:n]下午 e/i:/ evening['i:vniŋ]晚上 i/aɪ/ hi[hai]喂 o/əu/或/u:/ go[ɡəu]去who/
4、hu:/谁 u/u:/或/ju:/usually[ˈju:ʒuəli]通常 2、元音字母在闭音节中发音: a/æ/ bag[bæɡ]书包 记忆法:小哥俩背对背(/æ/)a级关系(a) e/e/ pen[pen]钢笔 记忆法:字母和音标形状一样 i/I/ big /bIg/大的 记忆法:字母和音标形状一样 o/D/或/Λ/ son/sΛn/儿子 记忆法:太阳(字母o)从山(/Λ/)上 露出半边脸(/D/) u/Λ/sun/sΛn/太阳 记忆法:有(谐音指字母u)山(/Λ/
5、 3、另外需注意:所谓开音节和闭音节前提必须是重读音节或次重读音节,另外,开音节或 闭音节的公式不一定在单词的末尾,本质上应该在所在音节的末尾,比如evening['i:vniŋ]晚上,usually[ˈju:ʒuəli]通常,虽然都属于开音节但是不是在单词的末尾,而是在所在重读音节的末尾。 4、元音字母在非重读音节的读音为: /ə/、/I/或不发音 比如: vegetable [‘vedʒitəbl] basket[’bɑ:skit] evening[‘i:vniŋ] 5、所以综上所述:接触一个单词,首先看元音字母,看元音字母时,第一步分析是否是重读音节,第二步确定
6、重读时是否是开音节还是闭音节,非重读时,按照非重读读音即可。 字母组合发音规则: 1) [i:]作为长元音在单词的词头、词中、词尾都出现的很普遍,记下它可是非常划算的 一般来说,[i:]可拼读为: ee, ea, e, ie, ei, i, ey等,例: ee: see, sleep, tree, sheep ea: team, mean, please, dream, weak, defeat, great e: he, she, me, we, evening ie: piece, relieve, belief, field ei: receive, conceive,
7、receipt ey: key 2) 短元音[i]的运用就没有长元音[i:]那么广泛了,通常出现在特殊的条件组合下 可拼读为: i, y, e, a, u, ai, ie, ay, ey等 闭音节单词里的字母i: sit, it, is, did, ill, six, fix 非重读的字母a: village, necklace, palace 非重读的字母e: decide, delicious, business, refuse 非重读的字母y: sorry, baby, very 特殊发音的字母u: busy, business 词末的ie: cookie 非重读的a
8、i: mountain, captain 非重读的ay: Monday, Tuesday等 ey有时也读成短元音:monkey, money 3) [æ]就是传说中的梅花音了,美式英语里可能发音更夸张一点,接近[ʌ] 相应搭配就是a:bag, and, ant, happy, man, ask, cat 4) [e]的发音方式与[æ]类似,但嘴型略小 相关字母有: ea, e, a ea: head, swear, sweater, pleasure e: elephant, yes, leg, bell, unless a: many any 5) 元音[ɜ:]对应的字母
9、有: ir, ur, ear, er, or ir: girl, shirt, skirt, third, bird ur:turn,murder,Thursday,surf ear基本都发这个音:learn, earn, earth, 重读的er:term, her, prefer, serve or在w后:work, word, world, worse, worth 6) [ə]的相应拼写包括: er, or, o, a, e, ur, ure, ou, u 词末的er基本都发这个音:teacher, under, father, after, supper 词末的or和
10、非重读的or就发这个音:doctor,actor,forget 非重读的o:together,tomorrow,pollution,collection 非重读的a:about, away, banana(前后两个a), China 非重读的e: student, different, even, happen ur, ure, ou, u: Saturday, picture, famous, suppose 7) [ɑ:]的拼写规律基本都跟字母a有关: ar, a, al, au, are, ear ar:car, farm, card, arm, mark a: fast,
11、 glass, past, banana(中间的a) al的特殊发音:half au也属特殊发音:laugh are: are ear: heart 8) [ʌ]的发音字母包括: u, o, ou, oo 闭音节单词的u:up, cup, bus, but, duck o在字母m, n, th前:come, mother, brother, none, wonder ou: trouble, double, cousin oo的特殊发音: blood,flood 9) [ɔ: ]的发音字母有: al, ar, or, our, ough, oor, ore, au, aw
12、 al: all, small, wall, talk, tall, walk ar: warm, quarter, towards au: daughter, autumn, pause, caught or: short, for, store, boring oor: door floor our: four, your, course ough: bought, thought, cough ore: before, more, score aw: draw, law 10) [ɒ]的发音字母有: o, a, au o在闭音节单词中:John, lost, fox,
13、 office, rock a在w前或wh后:want, what, wash, watch au的特殊发音:because 11) [u:]的发音字母有: oo,o,u,ou oo: too, zoo, food, tooth, cool, shoot o: who, do, two, whose, lose, move u在字母l前后: blue, full, flu u的特殊发音:June, true, pollute ou:group, soup, through 12) [ʊ]的拼写规则与长元音[u:]类似: oo, ou, u, o oo: look, good
14、 wood, foot, classroom, bedroom; ou: should, could, would u: put, push, sugar, pull; o: woman, wolf 13) 双元音[eɪ]的对应拼写有: a, ay, ai, ey, ei, ea a: name, cake, late, April, page, date 重读的ay: play, say, away, day, table ai一般都发这个音: rain, paint, eight, mainland, rail, maid ey: they, gr
15、ey ea: great, break 14) [əʊ]的发音字母包括: o, ow, oa o在开音节中、字母ld或st前:go, no, ago, piano, cold, old, hold, host, ghost ow: know, yellow, below, show, bowl; oa: boat, coat, goat, float 15) [aɪ]的拼写规则是: i, y, igh, ie, ei i在开音节中、在nd前:hi, side, nice, find, kind, mind, blind 重读的y: my, try, fly, by,
16、why, sky 字母组合igh几乎都发这个音:light, night, high, right, knight, bright 16) [aʊ]的发音字母有: ou,ow ou: house, about, count, blouse, mouth, mount ow: flower, now, cow, how, down 17) [ɒɪ]发音字母: oy, oi oy: boy, toy, enjoy, loyal oi: toilet, oil, noise, voice, coin 18) [ɪə]的对应字母组合包括: eer, ear, ere, ea eer:
17、 beer, deer, pioneer ear: near, dear, hear, fear ere: here ea: idea, really, realize 19) [eə]的发音字母有: ear, air, ere, eir, are ear: pear, bear, tear air: chair, air, stairs, pair ere: there, where eir: their, theirs, heir are: care, dare, hare 20) [ʊə]用的比较少,拼写规则也相对简单,包括ure和ua ure: sure ua:
18、 usually, February, January 二、辅音 辅音相对元音就简单多了,基本上音标啥样就对应一模一样的字母 1. [p]对应字母p pea, pig, map, please, pleasure, peace 2. [t]对应字母t two, too, to, tell, pleasant, moment, event 3. [k]对应k、c、ck c: come, cap, cat ; k: bike, cake, kite, Kate ; ck: black, duck, luck 4. [f]对应f和ph f: fish, fo
19、ot, face, life, knife; ph: pamphlet, phone, physical 5. [θ]和[ð]都对应th,凡是遇见这两个发音,先写下th总是没错的 th: three, mouth, math, with, then, the 6. [s]对应s和c s: snake, sing, speech, swear c在i, e, y前: city, cell, cyber, cycle, nice 7. [ʃ]对应sh,ch和ci sh: ship, sheep, shop, she, shoe; ch的特殊发音: machine
20、 ci: special, financial, 8. [h]对应wh和h h: hence, house, horse, hair wh在字母o前:whose, who, whom, wholesale 9. [ts]对应ts skirts, students, shirts, let’s 10. [t∫]对应ch Chinses, China, peach, kitchen, teacher 11. [tr]对应tr tree, train, trousers, trip 12. [b]对应b bee, big, bed, book, believe, boo
21、t 13. [d]对应d bed, dad, do, need, dare, devil 14. [g]对应g bag, pig, girl, great, regret, grey 15. [v]对应v vest, very, live, vet 16. [z]对应s和z z: zoo, zero, size s: rose, as, is, busy 17. [ʒ]对应s measure, pleasure, usually, treasure, vision, television 18. [dʒ]对应g和j g在字母e前: orange, page, larg
22、e, wage j: juice, judge, jump, just 19. [dz]对应ds words, hands, heads, friends 20. [dr]对应dr drink, dress, drive, drip, drop, drill 21. [r]对应r red, rice, brown 22. [m]对应m milk, some, come, home, from 23. [n]对应n和kn n: son, sun, pen, name, nasty kn: knight, knife, knee, knowledge 24. [ŋ]对应n
23、g和n ng: king, sing, English, fling n在字母k前: ink, think, sink 25. [j]对应y yes, yellow, youth 26. [w]对应wh和w wh: what, where, which, why w: water, white, witch, well 27. [l]对应l和ll l: lion, blue, leg ll: wall, small, ball, yell 我们从总体上了解了读音规则,即什么字母读什么音,从而为我们下一步记忆单词扫清了障碍,记忆单词分三步走: 第一步:对号,即:分别分析一下是什么字母读什么音,此时就用到读音规则了,重点分析元音字母及其字母组合的读音,因为比较复杂,其他就很容易搞定了。 第二步:看着音标写单词;即:能够在上一步的基础上利用读音规则来记单词。 第三步:读着音标记单词,即:完全脱离课本,读着单词的读音,而手上写的是单词,此为最高境界,也是记忆单词的基本方法。到现在为止就把你们领上道了。 记住这些拼写规则之后,记单词就能少花很多功夫 在遇到不认识的词,也可以根据拼写猜出大概读音 实在是很实用的技能哦! 9






