1、1.3.2有理数的减法 例题1 (-213)- 516; 分析:按减法原则,将减法转化为加法,然后根据有理数加法法则进行计算 解:(-213)- 51 6 = (-213)+ (-51 6 ) =-71 2 例题2 [(-5)-(+8)] –(-3) 解: [(-5)-(+8)]–(-3) =[(-5)-(+8)] +(+3) = -13 + (+3) = -10 例题3 (-|1 3 |)-[-(-323 )] =(-1 3 )+ (-323) = -4 例题4 (-3
2、 - 1 4 = -(3+1 4 ) = -31 4 = -13 4 例题5 (-7)-9-(-3)+(-5) = -16 +(+3)-5 = -13-5 = -18 例题6 (-63 5 )-(-51 7 )- (+42 5 ) + (-81 7 ) =(-63 5 )+ 51 7 + (-42 5 ) + (-81 7 ) =[-63 5 + (-42 5 )]+[51 7 +(-81 7 )] =-11-3
3、 =-14 例题7 (-47 9 )– (-31 6 ) - (+22 9 ) +(-61 6) = (-47 9 ) + (+31 6 ) + (-22 9 ) +(-61 6) = [(-47 9 ) + (-22 9 )] + [ (+31 6 ) +(-61 6)] = -(47 9 +22 9 )+[ -(61 6-31 6 )] = -7+(-3) = -10 例题8 -0.5 -(-3 4)+ 2.75 -(+15 2 ) =(-1 2 - 15 2 ) + (3 4+11 4)
4、 =-8+6 =-2 例题9 已知 a=-4,b=-5,c=-7,求式子a-b-c的值。 解; a-b-c = -4-(-5)-(-7) = -4+5+7 = 8 例题10 哈市4月份某天的最高气温是5℃,最低的气温是-3℃,那么这天的温差是(最高气温减去最低气温)。 解; 5-(-3)= -8 练习题 1) (-523)- (-216) =(-173)+( +136) =(-346)+136 =-216 =-312 2) [(-213)-(+12)] –(-
5、5) =[-146 - 36] + (+5) =-176+306 =136 3) |2-(-4 3 )| - |(-4 3 )-(-3)| = 2+4 3 - -4 3 +3 =313-123 =53 4) 5 6 - -1 2 =5 6 +1 2 =4 3 5)(-3)-(-5)+(-9)-(+6) =(-3)+ (+5)+ (-9)+(-6) =-3+5-9-6 =-17 6) 54 5 -(+21 6 ) + (-4.8) - (-45 6 ) = 54 5 + (-21 6 )+(- 44 5 )+ 45 6
6、 = [ 54 5 +(-44 5 )]+[(- 21 6 )+ 45 6 ] =1+22 3 =32 3 7) (-2 3 )-(+ 1 12)-(- 1 4 ) =(-2 3 )-(+ 1 12)-(- 1 4 ) =(-2 3 )+(- 1 12)+( 1 4 ) =-1 2 8) (-47 8 )+(+ 51 2)+(- 41 4 )+-31 8 =-47 8 +51 2- 41 4 -31 8 =(-47 8 – 41 4 -31 8 )+51 2 =-121 4 +51 2 =-63 4 9
7、) 若a-1+b+3=0则b-a-1 2的值是多少? 解;由题意知:a-1=0且b+3=0, 则 a=1,且b=-3 那么 b-a-1 2=-3-1-1 2=-41 2 10)已知a=3b,=7,且a
8、)×(-1 2)×(-1 2) =63 =-(1 2)4 (-4 3 ) 例题2 计算题 (-3)4 =(−3)×(−3) ×(−3) ×(−3) =81 (-4 3 )3 =(-4 3 )×(-4 3 )×(-4 3 ) =-27 64 例题3 计算 (-2)3×(-3)2 =-8×9 =-72 (2
9、 3 )5 × (2 3 )5 =(2 3 × 3 2 )5 =1 例题4 化简 (-2)2007+ 22008 =-22007+22008 =-1×22007+2×22007 =22007×-1+2 =22007×1 =22007 例题5 计算 3+50÷22×-1 5-1 =30+50÷4×-1 5-1 =30+50×1 4×-1 5-1 =3- 5 2 – 1 =-1 2 例题6 当a=-1 2, b=2 3时 求a2+b2的值 解
10、 a2+b2 = -1 22 + 1 32 = 1 4+4 9=25 36 例题7 设(3x-2)2=ax2+bx+c (1) 求C的值 (2) 求a+b+c的值 当x=0时 3x-22= ax2+bx+c C=-22 =4 当x=1时 ax2+bx+c= (3x-2)2 (a+b+c)=(3×1-2)2 = 1 例题8 a+3 +b-22=0,
11、求 a+b ab的值 解; a+3=0 b-2=0 a=-3 b=2 a+b ab=-3+2-3×2 = 1 6 例题9 计算题 -72+2×(-3)2+(-6)÷(-1 3)2 =-49+18+(-6)×(-3)2 =-49+18-54 =-85 例题10 (-0.5)2×(-4)2-52×(-3 5) =- 1 2×16+25 × 3 5 =-8+15 =7 习题 1 把下列各式写成乘法的形式 ① -74 =-(7×7×7×7) =-28 ② (-3)4 =(-3)(-3)(-3)(-3) =81 2 化简题 3 0.25






