新东方IELTS雅思讲义A类图表作文.doc

新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列 雅思写作A类雅思写作A类图表作文讲义主讲：宁柏宇 北京新东方学校欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材Academic Writing Task 1雅思写作的考试形式IELTS Writing Saturday / Thursday Morning 3rd paper TestQuestion Bookletu Task 1 Report (Academic) / Letter (General) 150w,真正写作时不得低于150字,不得高于200字,以160字为佳 20mu Task 2 Essay 250w, 40mWriting Bookletu mini-sized (雅思写作胜经167页B 167附有缩印的答题纸样) Task 1 : side 1 & 2 Task 2 : side 3 & 4u original-sized（可从下面的公共邮箱下载）本讲义附录附有 ningboyu_nos PW: ieltswritingu 写作工具：Pencil and Eraser（附送）Scoringu Examiner Task 1 and 2 : 0 - 9u Writing Band 1 / 3* T1 + 2 / 3*T2 6 6.5u Overall BandRequirementu Academic Overall Band Score Language School 5.5 Undergraduate 6 Graduate 6.5 l Famous Universities + 0.5l Popular Majors + 0.5u General Trainingl Each section = 5 / 6各国雅思考试的水平情况Registrationu Objective : An acceptable score within the shortest timeu No deadline, no completion !u Self-Analysis (Benchmark)u NCEE100 4.5u NCEE130or CET-4 425 5.0u CET-4600or CET-6 425 5.5u CET-6 600or NETEM 706.0 Good speaking : + 0.5 u 4hrs / day, 1 point / per 2 monthsConsiderate IELTSu Test as often as you wantu Reschedule (500 RMB)u Refund (-750 RMB)Teaching Materialu u u 雅思写作胜经、群言出版社Task 1 - Question Groupingu Figure (75% 2008Q1) Multiple / Singleu Non-Figure (25% 2008Q1) Flow chart / Map雅思图表作文可分6类，四类与数字有关。与数字有关的三图一表：线，柱，饼，表。 P100 Text4 Writing Task 1线状图柱状图 P54 Text2 Writing Task 1 线状图 饼状图 P31 Text1 Writing Task 1 列表与数字无关的图雅思写作胜经Bible的P100流程图 P75 Text3 Writing Task 1 地图流程图与数字无关，地图与数字亦无关。Writing Procedureu Read + Plan 审题+构思 (3 mins)u Write (16 mins)u Check 检查语法和拼写错误 (1 mins) Readu Words: paragraph 2u Pictures: Words (title, legend, axis) Number (unit, digit)u Make notes on the question booklet !注意:雅思作文给出的信息里只有第二段的图表具体信息不同，在阅读给出的图表信息时要将主要词汇进行一个同义词替换，因为在写作过程中将频繁的用到这些词。如travel替换成visit。观察图标要注意图表标题、右侧的图例及坐标轴。（注意凡是国家的缩写，在用到的时候前面要加定冠词the）图表在制作时为求简便，很多词句不符合语法规则，在写作文时要注意将这些句子写成符合语法规格的句子。在图表的相应位置做好标记和笔记。 Number（数字要带单位unit，数字的类型digit）注意：数字的类型以上题为例，第一个图里细线的起点读成12或13都是正确的，但是12.5就是错误的，因为10到20之间没有继续标记刻度。而第二张图中虽然标记为0到5，5到10，但是比较宽，可以读到小数点后一位。但是若读到小数点后一位，则所有国家都因保留一位小数，即一张图表里所有数字保持一致的格式。u 10 million （所有单位在跟在精确数字后面是都是不加s的）/ hundred/thousand thousands of millions of billions of雅思写作的构思 Scoring Criterion Examiners use onlyExaminer 2Examiner 1u TA : Contentu CC : Structureu LR : Wordsu GRA : SentencesMarking Criterionu UNDERLENGTHu NO OF WORDSu PENALTYu OFF - TOPICu MEMORISEDu ILLEGIBLE以第一题为例：Plan - Contentu Summarize Features, not list data(抓特征,而不是列举全部数据) a1, a2, a3, , an（图上数字用年限等排成一个数列） Trend Max / Min Slope斜率（就是数字上升的快慢，以题为例，84到89年细线上升的非常快） A, B, C, （孤立的数字，不存在斜率和趋势，如第二图） Max / Minu Comparisons within the chart or between the charts 如上题两图的联系是二图反映了一图1999年的数据。u Select Main Features (recreates the picture in the examiners mind) 如果是多图作文，每个图归纳2到3个信息较合适，而且主要要抓宏观信息、主要信息。u Supporting Datau Report facts, not opinions 不能包括对未来的预测和自己的评论。Plan Structure(抓住两点：分段和合适的过渡词)u Paragraph or not?以让读起来容易为主 reader friendlyu How to Paragraph? A new idea, a new paragraph Introduction / Conclusion (if needed)Thinking Styleu Paragraphs Multiple Chartsl Introductionl Chart 1l Chart 2l l Comparison Single Chartl Introductionl Feature 1l Feature 2l l Conclusion (if needed)单图作文信息少，字数不够时可以写一个conclusionu Linking Devices (LD)过渡词 Between paragraphs（according to chart 1according to chart 2） Between features Within sentences Language Requirementu Word Correct spellingl enviroment / environment Word Level(减少使用大众词汇)l get / achieve a band 8 Word Variety (Avoid repetition)l a good / well-paid / satisfactory / decent jobu Sentence Grammatical Accuracyl There is a boy asks you out. Sentence Lengthl Band 9 : 20+l Band 7 : 15 Structure Varietyl A new challenger comes here.l Here comes a new challenger.Word & Timeu Multiple / Single Chartsu Intro. / Intro.(30w, 1s)u Chart 1 / Feature 1(50w, 4s)u Chart 2 / Feature 2(50w, 4s)u u Comparison / Conclusion(30w, 1s)写作流程：例： P100 Text4 Writing Task 1You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The chats below gave information about travel to and from The UK, and about the mostpopular counrtries for UK residents to visit.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.Introduction段的写法u Paragraph 2 Copied phrases will not be counted Paraphrase the rubricWord (B - 78)u 图表chart = graph = diagram 线状图line/ curve chart 柱状图bar/column chart 饼状图pie timeu 表格table = figures = statisticsu Save belowu give information about =reveal =indicate =demonstrateu Simple Present Tense使用一般现在时u the UK =Britainu most popular =favorite / fashionable / stylishu country nationu UK residents to visit UK travelers / visitors / touristsu Specific in 1999Structure Varietyu Passive Voice The chart shows A. (do) A is shown by the chart. (be done) u The line chart reveals visits to and from the UK.u Visits to and from the UK are revealed in the line chart.Compound Sentence复合句u The line chart reveals , and the bar graph indicates u The line chart reveals , and are indicated in the bar graph.Introductionu The line chart reveals visits to and from Britain and UK travelerstop 5 favorite nations in 1999 are indicated in the bar graph.Paragraph 1的写法Linking Devices过渡词u Between paragraphs (B - 78) According to the chart,/as is shown on the chart/as to the chartl line chartl upper / lower chartl chart 1l chart of visits to and from the UKu Between Features (B - 51) also / besides / on the other hand but / however / conversely/contrarily while / in particularparagraph 1三大基本句式Basic Structure 1 The visits increased greatly from about 12 to 57 million from 1979 to 1999. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (1) Subjects Legendl visits abroad by UK residents 可以借鉴Paragraph 2的用法l travel from the UK 可以使用同义词Synonymsl UK visitors / travelers / tourists 随后的句子可以使用代词it / they，避免啰唆与重复l The visits increased from 1979 to 1999. In particular, they increased most quickly from 1985 to 1988. (2) Verbs（注意动词的对称使用） increase : decrease / rise : fall go up : come down climb : slide ascend : decline rocket : collapse（剧烈上涨/迅猛下跌） Tense注意动词的时态 increased increase is expected / predicted to increase (3) Adverbs sharply / rapidly / swiftly迅速的 slowly / gradually / tardily缓慢的 greatly / vastly / considerably相当大的 slightly / marginally / minutely细微的 (4) Numbers about / around / roughly / more or less from about 12 to 53 million (5) Time from 1979 to 1999 between 1979 and 1999l during the 20 years / two decadesl starting from 1979Chart 1 (Band 6.5)u According to the line chart, visits abroad by UK residents increased from about 12 to 57 million from 1979 to 1999. While, overseas travelers to Britain went up from about 10 to 27 million. It is obvious that UK tourists were more and climbed faster than overseas ones during the period.Basic Structure 2There was a sharp increase in the visits from about 12 to 53 million from 1979 to 1999. (3) (2) (1) (4) (5)Basic Structure 3A sharp increase was seen in the visits from about 12 to 53 million from 1979 to 1999. (3) (2) (6) (1) (4) (5)A sharp increase (2)&(1), (6) a sharp / slow / great / slight increase an upward / rising / increasing tendency a downward / falling / decreasing trend show / prove / witness(2) Verbu keep / remain unchanged / constant / stableu fluctuate upward / downwardu double / triple / quadrupleChart 1 According to the line chart, both UK tourists abroad and overseas ones to the UK went up from 1979 to 1999 and the former climbed more markedly than the latter. In 1979, UK visitors were only around 2 million more than their overseas counterparts, being approximately 12 and 10 million respectively. However, two decades later, they almost doubled the foreign travelers to Britain (roughly 53 and 27 million separately).Chart 2 (Band 6.5) The bar graph demonstrates that the most UK visitors went to France and Spain, which were 11.0 and 9.5 million. Also, many British travelers were attracted by the USA(4.0 million), Greece(3.5 million) and Turkey(2.0 million). The bar graph demonstrates that France and Spain were the favorite countries for UK tourists in 1999, which attracted around 11.0 and 9.5 million UK visitors respectively. Remotely following were the USA, Greece and Turkey with 4.0, 3.5 and 2.0 million travelers separately.Comparison (band 6.5)What is also worth mentioning is that almost 40% UK tourists selected France and Spain in 1999, if the two diagrams are considered as a whole. What is also worth mentioning is that France and Spain alone accounted for almost 40 percent of UK tourists abroad in 1999, if the two diagrams are considered as a whole.检查Checku Sample Answer (I4 - 168) Script Comment Script Correspondingu Model Answer (I4 - 169)TEST 4WRITING TASKSAMPLE ANSWERThis is an answer written by a candidate who achieved a Band 5 score. Here is the examiners coment:The response is under-length (138words).The candidate reports the key information in the first graph i.e. that visits to and from the UK increased and that the increase in visits from UK was more marked than that of visits to the country. In the bar chart the information is also reported accurately. However, the references to dollar are confusing, suggesting that the candidate has not fully understood the information given, and there is little attempt to relate the two diagrams or to make comparisons across the information given.There is a brief introduction to the topic, with an attempt to paraphrase the rubic: the overall structure of the writing is clear, with some use of basic discourse makers（过渡词）. There is very little use of reference(代词), however, resulting in a considerable amount of repetition of key vocabulary.（UK使用过多） There is a fairly narrow range of sentence types and errors occur in verb formation and in the use of tense.（第二段用了过去时，是错误的）Professional English 经济学人 www.guardian.co.uk 卫报 财经时报 美国国家广播公司 华尔街 thestreet TV例题解析：（线图和饼状图） P54 Text2 Writing Task 1You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. The graph below shows the demand for electricity in England during typical days in winter and summer.The pie chart shows how electricity is used in an average English home. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.demand 需求 used / need / requirement / consumption typical 典型 average / representativeuse 使用，消耗 consumehome 家庭 household / familypassive voice & compound sentence写作：Introductionu The curve chart reveals electricity used in England during average days in winter and summer and how electricity is consumed in a typical English household is indicated in the pie graph.Read Chart 图表1的信息 Unit（图表给出的用电量的单位） Hrs小时 / yrs年 oclock（尽量不要用，而是用am或pm替换） : am, a.m. AM, A.M Number 38,000 unitsRead Chart 2 Everyday words kettle 电热水壶 microwave oven 微波炉（oven 烤箱） range hood 抽油烟机Plan Winter summer Numbers : Max & Min / Average Winter, Summer : Numbers : Max & MinWords peak / summit / highest point 峰值 nadir / touch the bottom / lowest point 谷值 unchanged / constant / stable / stationary phase 保持不变Chart 1 (Band 6.5)According to the curve chart, daily electricity need is higher in winter (38,000 units on average) than in summer (18,000 units on average). In winter, electricity consumption peaks at 2:00 am and 10:00 pm while it touches the bottom at 0:00 am and 8:00 am. On the other hand, in summer, it summits at 2:00 pm and 11:00 pm, but has a nadir at 9:00 am and a lower stationary phase from 4:00 pm to 9:00 pm.Chart 1 According to the curve chart, daily electricity need is higher in winter (38,000 units on average) than in summer (18,000 units on average), although both of them are uneven during the day. In winter, electricity consumption peaks at 2:00 am and 10:00 pm while it touches the bottom at 0:00 am and 8:00 am. In contrast, the summer summits come later than winter ones at 2:00 pm and 11:00 pm. A nadir is seen nearly 9:00 am and a lower stationary phase is witnessed from 4:00pm to 9:00pm.Chart 2occupy 占有（A occupies half of B/half of B is occupied by A） be shared by(Half of B is shared by A) account for（A account for） be responsible for(A is responsible for half of B) be in charge of（A is in charge of） be in the charge of(上一个词组的被动语态，Half of B is in the charge of A)Percentage（考试时少用百分号，表达太过简单） a small percentage of (20%) a quarter of (25%) the minority of (40%) half of (50%) the majority of (60%) three quarters of (75%) most of (80%) one-fifth / one-third Structuresu 1 occupies / accounts for the majority of A (x%).u y% of A is shared by / is in the charge of 2.u 3 and 4 are responsible for / in charge of the rest, with z% and w% respectively.Chart 2 (Band 6.5)u The pie graph demonstrates that heating rooms and water occupies the majority of electricity consumption(52.5%). Then, 17.5% of the electricity demand is shared by ovens, kettles and washing machines. Lighting, TV, radio and vacuum cleaners, food mixers, electric tools are responsible for the rest, with 15% each.Chart 2u The pie graph demonstrates that the majority of electricity consumption (52.5%) is shared by heating rooms and water. Then, ovens, kettles and washing machines occupy 17.5% of the electricity demand. The rest is in the charge of lighting, TV, radio and vacuum cleaners, food mixers, electric tools, with 15% each.Comparison (Band 6.5) What is also worth mentioning i