新东方IELTS雅思讲义A类图表作文.doc

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雅思写作A类图表作文讲义

主讲：宁柏宇 北京新东方学校
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Academic Writing Task 1

雅思写作的考试形式
★IELTS Writing
• Saturday / Thursday Morning
• 3rd paper Test

★Question Booklet
u Task 1
• Report (Academic) / Letter (General)
• 150w,真正写作时不得低于150字,不得高于200字,以160字为佳 20m
u Task 2
• Essay
• 250w, 40m

★Writing Booklet
u mini-sized (《雅思写作胜经》167页B – 167附有缩印的答题纸样)
• Task 1 : side 1 & 2
• Task 2 : side 3 & 4
u original-sized（可从下面的公共邮箱下载）本讲义附录附有
• ningboyu_nos@
• PW: ieltswriting
u 写作工具：Pencil and Eraser（附送）

★Scoring
u Examiner
• Task 1 and 2 : 0 - 9
u Writing Band
• 1 / 3* T1 + 2 / 3*T2
• 6 → 6.5
u Overall Band

★Requirement
u Academic – Overall Band Score
• Language School 5.5
• Undergraduate 6
• Graduate 6.5
l Famous Universities + 0.5
l Popular Majors + 0.5
u General Training
l Each section > = 5 / 6

★各国雅思考试的水平情况

★Registration
u Objective : An acceptable score within the shortest time
u No deadline, no completion !
u Self-Analysis (Benchmark)
u NCEE 100 4.5
u NCEE 130 or CET-4 425 5.0
u CET-4 600 or CET-6 425 5.5
u CET-6 600 or NETEM 70 6.0
• Good speaking : + 0.5
u >4hrs / day, 1 point / per 2 months
★Considerate IELTS
u Test as often as you want
u Reschedule (500 RMB)
u Refund (-750 RMB)

★Teaching Material
u <Cambridge IELTS 4>
u <Cambridge IELTS 5>
u 《雅思写作胜经》、群言出版社

★Task 1 - Question Grouping
u Figure (75% 2008Q1)
• Multiple / Single

u Non-Figure (25% 2008Q1)
• Flow chart / Map
雅思图表作文可分6类，四类与数字有关。与数字有关的三图一表：线，柱，饼，表。
<Cambridge IELTS 4> P100 Text4 Writing Task 1

线状图

柱状图

<Cambridge IELTS 4> P54 Text2 Writing Task 1

线状图

饼状图

<Cambridge IELTS 4> P31 Text1 Writing Task 1

列表

与数字无关的图
《雅思写作胜经》Bible的P100

流程图

<Cambridge IELTS 5> P75 Text3 Writing Task 1

地图
流程图与数字无关，地图与数字亦无关。

★Writing Procedure
u Read + Plan 审题+构思 (3 mins)
u Write (16 mins)
u Check 检查语法和拼写错误 (1 mins)

★ Read
u Words:
• paragraph 2
u Pictures:
• Words (title, legend, axis)
• Number (unit, digit)
u Make notes on the question booklet !

注意:雅思作文给出的信息里只有第二段的图表具体信息不同，在阅读给出的图表信息时要将主要词汇进行一个同义词替换，因为在写作过程中将频繁的用到这些词。如travel替换成visit。
观察图标要注意图表标题、右侧的图例及坐标轴。（注意凡是国家的缩写，在用到的时候前面要加定冠词the）图表在制作时为求简便，很多词句不符合语法规则，在写作文时要注意将这些句子写成符合语法规格的句子。
在图表的相应位置做好标记和笔记。
★ Number（数字要带单位unit，数字的类型digit）
注意：数字的类型以上题为例，第一个图里细线的起点读成12或13都是正确的，但是12.5就是错误的，因为10到20之间没有继续标记刻度。而第二张图中虽然标记为0到5，5到10，但是比较宽，可以读到小数点后一位。但是若读到小数点后一位，则所有国家都因保留一位小数，即一张图表里所有数字保持一致的格式。
u 10 million （所有单位在跟在精确数字后面是都是不加s的）/ hundred/thousand
• thousands of
• millions of
• billions of

雅思写作的构思
★ Scoring Criterion
Examiners use only
Examiner 2
Examiner 1
u TA : Content
u CC : Structure
u LR : Words
u GRA : Sentences

★Marking Criterion
u UNDERLENGTH
u NO OF WORDS
u PENALTY
u OFF - TOPIC
u MEMORISED
u ILLEGIBLE
以第一题为例：
★Plan - Content
u Summarize Features, not list data(抓特征,而不是列举全部数据)
• a1, a2, a3, … , an（图上数字用年限等排成一个数列）
• Trend
• Max / Min
• Slope斜率（就是数字上升的快慢，以题为例，84到89年细线上升的非常快）

• A, B, C, …（孤立的数字，不存在斜率和趋势，如第二图）
• Max / Min
u Comparisons within the chart or between the charts
如上题两图的联系是二图反映了一图1999年的数据。
u Select Main Features (recreates the picture in the examiner’s mind)
如果是多图作文，每个图归纳2到3个信息较合适，而且主要要抓宏观信息、主要信息。
u Supporting Data
u Report facts, not opinions
不能包括对未来的预测和自己的评论。

★Plan – Structure(抓住两点：分段和合适的过渡词)
u Paragraph or not?以让读起来容易为主
• reader – friendly
u How to Paragraph?
• A new idea, a new paragraph
• Introduction / Conclusion (if needed)

Thinking Style

u Paragraphs
• Multiple Charts
l Introduction
l Chart 1
l Chart 2
l …
l Comparison

• Single Chart
l Introduction
l Feature 1
l Feature 2
l …
l Conclusion (if needed)单图作文信息少，字数不够时可以写一个conclusion

u Linking Devices (LD)过渡词
• Between paragraphs（according to chart 1…according to chart 2…）
• Between features
• Within sentences

★ Language Requirement
u Word
• Correct spelling
l enviroment / environment
• Word Level(减少使用大众词汇)
l get / achieve a band 8
• Word Variety (Avoid repetition)
l a good / well-paid / satisfactory / decent job
u Sentence
• Grammatical Accuracy
l There is a boy asks you out.
• Sentence Length
l Band 9 : 20+
l Band 7 : 15
• Structure Variety
l A new challenger comes here.
l Here comes a new challenger.

★Word & Time
u Multiple / Single Charts
u Intro. / Intro. (30w, 1s)
u Chart 1 / Feature 1 (50w, 4s)
u Chart 2 / Feature 2 (50w, 4s)
u …
u Comparison / Conclusion (30w, 1s)

写作流程：
例：<Cambridge IELTS 4> P100 Text4 Writing Task 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The chats below gave information about travel to and from The UK, and about the mostpopular counrtries for UK residents to visit.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.

Introduction段的写法
u Paragraph 2
• Copied phrases will not be counted
• Paraphrase the rubric
★Word (B - 78)
u 图表chart = graph = diagram
• 线状图line/ curve chart
• 柱状图bar/column chart
• 饼状图pie time
u 表格table = figures = statistics
u Save ‘below’
u give information about
• =reveal
• =indicate
• =demonstrate
u Simple Present Tense使用一般现在时
u the UK
• =Britain
u most popular
• =favorite / fashionable / stylish
u country
• nation
u UK residents to visit
• UK travelers / visitors / tourists
u Specific
• in 1999

★Structure Variety
u Passive Voice
• The chart shows A. (do)
• A is shown by the chart. (be done)
u The line chart reveals visits to and from the UK.
u Visits to and from the UK are revealed in the line chart.

★Compound Sentence复合句
u The line chart reveals … , and the bar graph indicates …
u The line chart reveals …, and … are indicated in the bar graph.

Introduction
u The line chart reveals visits to and from Britain and UK travelers’top 5 favorite nations in 1999 are indicated in the bar graph.

Paragraph 1的写法
★Linking Devices过渡词
u Between paragraphs (B - 78)
• According to the chart,/as is shown on the chart/as to the chart
l line chart
l upper / lower chart
l chart 1
l chart of visits to and from the UK
u Between Features (B - 51)
• also / besides / on the other hand
• but / however / conversely/contrarily
• while / in particular
paragraph 1三大基本句式
★Basic Structure 1
The visits increased greatly from about 12 to 57 million from 1979 to 1999.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
◆ (1) Subjects
• Legend
l visits abroad by UK residents
• 可以借鉴Paragraph 2的用法
l travel from the UK
• 可以使用同义词Synonyms
l UK visitors / travelers / tourists
• 随后的句子可以使用代词it / they，避免啰唆与重复
l The visits increased from 1979 to 1999. In particular, they increased most quickly from 1985 to 1988.
◆ (2) Verbs（注意动词的对称使用）
• increase : decrease / rise : fall
• go up : come down
• climb : slide
• ascend : decline
• rocket : collapse（剧烈上涨/迅猛下跌）
• Tense注意动词的时态
• increased
• increase
• is expected / predicted to increase

◆ (3) Adverbs
• sharply / rapidly / swiftly迅速的
• slowly / gradually / tardily缓慢的
• greatly / vastly / considerably相当大的
• slightly / marginally / minutely细微的

◆ (4) Numbers
• about / around / roughly / more or less
• from about 12 to 53 million

◆ (5) Time
• from 1979 to 1999
• between 1979 and 1999
l during the 20 years / two decades
l starting from 1979

★Chart 1 (Band 6.5)
u According to the line chart, visits abroad by UK residents increased from about 12 to 57 million from 1979 to 1999. While, overseas travelers to Britain went up from about 10 to 27 million. It is obvious that UK tourists were more and climbed faster than overseas ones during the period.

★Basic Structure 2
There was a sharp increase in the visits from about 12 to 53 million from 1979 to 1999.
(3) (2) (1) (4) (5)
★Basic Structure 3
A sharp increase was seen in the visits from about 12 to 53 million from 1979 to 1999.
(3) (2) (6) (1) (4) (5)
A sharp increase (2)&(1), (6)
• a sharp / slow / great / slight increase
• an upward / rising / increasing tendency
• a downward / falling / decreasing trend
• show / prove / witness

★(2) Verb
u keep / remain
• unchanged / constant / stable
u fluctuate
• upward / downward
u double / triple / quadruple

★Chart 1
• According to the line chart, both UK tourists abroad and overseas ones to the UK went up from 1979 to 1999 and the former climbed more markedly than the latter. In 1979, UK visitors were only around 2 million more than their overseas counterparts, being approximately 12 and 10 million respectively. However, two decades later, they almost doubled the foreign travelers to Britain (roughly 53 and 27 million separately).

★Chart 2 (Band 6.5)
• The bar graph demonstrates that the most UK visitors went to France and Spain, which were 11.0 and 9.5 million. Also, many British travelers were attracted by the USA(4.0 million), Greece(3.5 million) and Turkey(2.0 million).

• The bar graph demonstrates that France and Spain were the favorite countries for UK tourists in 1999, which attracted around 11.0 and 9.5 million UK visitors respectively. Remotely following were the USA, Greece and Turkey with 4.0, 3.5 and 2.0 million travelers separately.

★Comparison (band 6.5)
What is also worth mentioning is that almost 40% UK tourists selected France and Spain in 1999, if the two diagrams are considered as a whole.

• What is also worth mentioning is that France and Spain alone accounted for almost 40 percent of UK tourists abroad in 1999, if the two diagrams are considered as a whole.

检查
★Check
u Sample Answer (I4 - 168)
• Script
• Comment – Script Corresponding
u Model Answer (I4 - 169)

TEST 4．WRITING TASK
SAMPLE ANSWER
This is an answer written by a candidate who achieved a Band 5 score. Here is the examiner's coment:
The response is under-length (138words).The candidate reports the key information in the first graph i.e. that visits to and from the UK increased and that the increase in visits from UK was more marked than that of visits to the country. In the bar chart the information is also reported accurately. However, the references to ＆dollar are confusing, suggesting that the candidate has not fully understood the information given, and there is little attempt to relate the two diagrams or to make comparisons across the information given.
There is a brief introduction to the topic, with an attempt to paraphrase the rubic: the overall structure of the writing is clear, with some use of basic discourse makers（过渡词）. There is very little use of reference(代词), however, resulting in a considerable amount of repetition of key vocabulary.（UK使用过多）
There is a fairly narrow range of sentence types and errors occur in verb formation and in the use of tense.（第二段用了过去时，是错误的）

Professional English
• 经济学人
• www.guardian.co.uk 卫报
• 财经时报
• 美国国家广播公司
• 华尔街
• thestreet TV

例题解析：（线图和饼状图）
<Cambridge IELTS 4> P54 Text2 Writing Task 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The graph below shows the demand for electricity in England during typical days in
winter and summer.The pie chart shows how electricity is used in an average English
home.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make
comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.

demand 需求 used / need / requirement / consumption
typical 典型 average / representative
use 使用，消耗 consume
home 家庭 household / family
passive voice & compound sentence

写作：
★Introduction
u The curve chart reveals electricity used in England during average days in winter and summer and how electricity is consumed in a typical English household is indicated in the pie graph.
★Read Chart 图表1的信息
• Unit（图表给出的用电量的单位）
• Hrs小时 / yrs年
• o’clock（尽量不要用，而是用am或pm替换） : am, a.m. AM, A.M
• Number
• 38,000 units
★Read Chart 2
• Everyday words
• kettle 电热水壶
• microwave oven 微波炉（oven 烤箱）
• range hood 抽油烟机

★Plan
• Winter > summer
• Numbers : Max & Min / Average

• Winter, Summer :
• Numbers : Max & Min
Words
• peak / summit / highest point 峰值
• nadir / touch the bottom / lowest point 谷值
• unchanged / constant / stable / stationary phase 保持不变

★Chart 1 (Band 6.5)
According to the curve chart, daily electricity need is higher in winter (38,000 units on average) than in summer (18,000 units on average). In winter, electricity consumption peaks at 2:00 am and 10:00 pm while it touches the bottom at 0:00 am and 8:00 am. On the other hand, in summer, it summits at 2:00 pm and 11:00 pm, but has a nadir at 9:00 am and a lower stationary phase from 4:00 pm to 9:00 pm.
★Chart 1
• According to the curve chart, daily electricity need is higher in winter (38,000 units on average) than in summer (18,000 units on average), although both of them are uneven during the day. In winter, electricity consumption peaks at 2:00 am and 10:00 pm while it touches the bottom at 0:00 am and 8:00 am. In contrast, the summer summits come later than winter ones at 2:00 pm and 11:00 pm. A nadir is seen nearly 9:00 am and a lower stationary phase is witnessed from 4:00pm to 9:00pm.

★Chart 2
occupy 占有（A occupies half of B/half of B is occupied by A）
• be shared by(Half of B is shared by A)
• account for（A account for…）
• be responsible for(A is responsible for half of B)
• be in charge of（A is in charge of…）
• be in the charge of(上一个词组的被动语态，Half of B is in the charge of A)
Percentage（考试时少用百分号，表达太过简单）
• a small percentage of … (20%)
• a quarter of …(25%)
• the minority of … (40%)
• half of …(50%)
• the majority of … (60%)
• three quarters of …(75%)
• most of … (80%)
• one-fifth / one-third

Structures
u 1 occupies / accounts for the majority of A (x%).

u y% of A is shared by / is in the charge of 2.

u 3 and 4 are responsible for / in charge of the rest, with z% and w% respectively.

★Chart 2 (Band 6.5)
u The pie graph demonstrates that heating rooms and water occupies the majority of electricity consumption(52.5%). Then, 17.5% of the electricity demand is shared by ovens, kettles and washing machines. Lighting, TV, radio and vacuum cleaners, food mixers, electric tools are responsible for the rest, with 15% each.
★Chart 2
u The pie graph demonstrates that the majority of electricity consumption (52.5%) is shared by heating rooms and water. Then, ovens, kettles and washing machines occupy 17.5% of the electricity demand. The rest is in the charge of lighting, TV, radio and vacuum cleaners, food mixers, electric tools, with 15% each.
★Comparison (Band 6.5)
• What is also worth mentioning i