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1、西南交通大学吧 友情赠送 四级基础精品词汇讲义 主讲：任志远 欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材 大学词汇常用的前缀和后缀 80 1. 常用前缀 aero-: concerning the air of aircraft plane---aeroplane space---aerospace anti-: against: opposite of nuclear---antinuclear matter---antimatter war---antimatter auto-: of or by oneself
2、 biography---autobiography criticism---autocriticism be-: to treat as the stated thing friend---befriend little---belittle bi-: two; twice; double lingual---bilingual cycle---bicycle bio-: concerning living things chemistry---biochemistry sphere---
3、biosphere by-, bye-: less important produce---by-produce way---byway centi-: hundredth part grade---centigrade meter---centimeter co-: together, with author---coauthor exist---coexist col-: (used before l) together, with location---collocation com-(u
4、sed before b, m, p) together, with passion---compassion con-: together, with centric---concentric federation---confederation contra-: opposite diction---contradiction natural---contranatural cor-: (used before r) together, with relate---correlate
5、 respond---correspond counter-: opposite act---counteract attack---counterattack cross-: across; going between the stated things and joining them country---crosscountry breed---crossbreed de-:showing an opposite;to remove;to reduce code---decode
6、 value---devalue dis-: not; the opposite of advantage---disadvantage agree---disagree honest---dishonest em-:(used before b, m, p ) to cause to became body---embody power---empower en-: to cause to become; to make danger---endanger large---enlarge ex-:
7、former (and still living ) minister---ex-minister wife---ex-wife extra-: outside; beyond curricular---extracurricular ordinary---extraordinary fore-: in advance,before; in or an the front arm---forearm warn---forewarn il-: (used before l ) not legal---ill
8、egal literate---illiterate im-: (used before b, m, p ) not moral---immoral possible---impossible in-: not direct---indirect sensitive---insensitive infra-: below in a range; beyond red---infrared structure---infrastructure inter-: between; among
9、 change---interchange national---international intra-: inside, within; into city---intracity department---intra-department ir-: (used before r ) not regular---irregular responsible---irresponsible kilo-: thousand gram---kilogram meter---kilometer macro-: larg
10、e,esp.concerning a whole system rather than particular parts of economics---macroeconomics structure---macrostructure mal-: bad or badly function---malfunction treat---maltreat micro-: extremely small computer---microcomputer electronics---microelectron
11、ics mid-: middle day---midday night---midnight mini-: small; short bus---minibus skirt---miniskirt mis-: bad or badly ; wrong or wrongly fortune---misfortune understand---misunderstand mono-: one; single plane---monoplane tone---monotone
12、 multi-: more than one; many purpose---multipurpose national---multinational non-: not resident---non(-)resident sense---nonsense out-: outside; beyond live---outlive door---outdoor over-: too much; above; additional head---overhead time-
13、overtime poly-: many centric---polycentric syllabic---polysyllabic post-: later than; after graduate---postgraduate war---postwar pre-:before; in advance pay---prepay war---prewar pro-: in favor of, supporting America---pro-America abortion---pro-aborti
14、on pseudo-: not real; false name---pseudonym science---pseudosicience re-: again; back to the former state untie---reunite use---reuse self-: by means of oneself or inself; of, to, with, for, or in oneself or itself employed---self-employed taught--
15、self-taught semi-: half; partly circle---semicircle final---semifinal step-: not by birth but through a parent who has remarried mother---stepmother children---stepchildren sub-: under, below; less important; part of the stated bigger whole divide--
16、subdivide section---subsection super-: more, larger, greader than usual market---supermarker natural---supernatural tele-: at or over a long distance; by or for television communication---telecommunication screen---telescreen therm(o)-: concerning heat
17、 chemistry---thermochemistry meter----thermometer trans-: across, on or to the other side of; between Atlantic---transatlantic plant---transplant tri-: three; three times angular---triangular cycle---tricycle ultra-: beyond; very, extremely modern---ultram
18、odern sound---ultrasound un-: not certain---uncertain fortunate---unfortunate under-: too little; below develop---underdevelop sea---undersra uni-: one, singer form---uniform directional---unidirectional cice-: next in the rank; below chairman---vice-chairm
19、an president---vice-president 2. 常用后缀 （1）名词后缀 -ability, -ibility able---ability flexible---flexibility -age post---postage short---shortage -al arrive---arrival refuse---refusal -an, -ian, -arian library---librarian music---musician -ance, -ence a
20、ppear---appearance refer---reference -ancy, -ency emerge---emergency expect---expectancy -arit, -ent apply---applicant correspond---correspindent -cy accurate---accuratcy private---privacy -dom king---kingdom free---freedom -ee employ---employee intervie
21、w---interviewee -er, -or, -ar paint---painter beg---beggar -cry brave---bravery slave---slavery -ese China---Chinaese Japan---Japanese -ess actor---actoress waiter---waiteress -ful hand---handful spoon---spoonful -hood child---childhood man---m
22、anhood -ics electron---electronics linguist---linguistics -ion, -ition, -ation collect---collection observe---observation -ism Marx---Marxism socialist---socialism -ist psychiatry---psychiatrist violin---violinist -ity, -ty cruel---cruelty pure---purity
23、ment move---movement retire---retirement -ness dark---darkness happy---happiness -ology climate---climatology future---futureology -ship friend---friendship scholar---scholarship -sion, -ssion decide---decision expand---expansion -th grow---growth
24、 wide---width -ure close---closure expose---exposure （2）动词前缀 -en deep---deepen fast---fasten -ify class---classify simple---simplify -ize, -ise modern---modernize/modernise popular---popularize/popularize （3）形容词后缀 -able, -ible suit---suitable question---qu
25、estionable -al nature---natural structure---structural -an, -arian, -ian suburb---suburban Canada---Canadian -ant, -ent differ---different please---pleasant -ary, -ory advise---advisory custom---customary -ate consider---considerate fortune---fortunate
26、en gold---golden wood---wooden -ese China---Chinese Japan---Japanese -free care—carefree duty---duty-free -ful care---careful pain---painful -ic, -ical atom---atomic psychology---psychological -ish girl---girlish child---childish -ive create-
27、creative support---supportive -less hope---hopeless pain---painless -like child---childlike lady---ladylike -ly man---manly month---monthly -ous, -ious danger---dangerous poison---poisonous -some tire---tiresome trouble---troublesome -ward down--
28、downward up---upward -y guilt---guilty noise---noisy （4）副词后缀 -ly easy---easily heavy---heavily -ward, -wards east---eastward(s) north---nortward(s) -wise clock---clockwise other---otherwise
29、 四级高频前缀 （prefix） 1. inter=between, among 变化型：enter-, intel- 如：interfere, interval, interview, entertain 2. en=in, into, on, at, near进入某种状态，使～，使成为～ 变化型：em- 如：enable, enclose, encourage, engage, enlarge 3. dis=apart, away, not 表出去，剥夺，反对及加强语气作用。变化型：de-, des-,di-, s- 如：di
30、stinguish, dispute, dismiss, dispel, discard, disturb 4. re=again, back, against 变化型：red-, ren- 如：remind, reflect, refine, resolve, reaction, resist 5. com=together, with, wholly 变化型：co-, col-, comb-, con-, cor-, cor-, coun- 如：combine, comfort, coexist, collect, correct, conclude, counsel, coun
31、cil 6. pre=before 如：preside, precede, prevail, prelude 7. per=through, thoroughly, away 变化型：par-, pel-, pil- 如：perfect, persist, permit, perform, perspective, persuade, pardon 8. pro=for, before, forth, forward向前，赞成。变化型：pur, pr-(pro-的变体) 如：profound, proceed, purpose, prominent 9. ex=out of, f
32、ully 变化型：a-, e-, ec-, ef-, es-, iss-, s- 如：exhibit, sample, elect, escape 10. trans-beyond, across, over 变化型：tran-, tra-, tres- 如: transfer, transform, transmit, transport, transparent 11. fore=before 如：forearm, forefather, foresee, foretell, foreword, forecast 12. tele=far off 如：telegram, t
33、elephone, television, telescope 13. un=not 在名词，形容词，副词前，表示“否定” 如：unable, undo, unlike, unlikely 14. sub=under 如：substitute, submerge, succeed 15. mono-=single, sole, alone 变化型：mon- 如：monologue, monopoly, monotony, monarch, monk 16. op, ob=near; against 如：oppose, obvious, obtain, opportunity,
34、observe, object 17. uni=one 如：unique, uniform, universe, unity 18. counter=against 变化型：contra, anti 如：counteract, counterpart, encounter, contrary 四级高频后缀（Suffix） 1. 常用名词后缀列表 后缀 中英文释义 例词 -acy state or quality of 状态或性质 privacy隐私 accuracy精确 -age acton or state of 行动或状态 sho
35、rtage短缺 advantage优势 -al relating to 关于～，与～相关 refusal拒绝 arrival到达 -an, -ian one who ～的人 guardian监护人 American美国人 -ance, -ence state of quality of 状态或性质 independence独立 performance表演 -ant, -ent one who ～的人 dependant侍从 resident居民 -ary place for, dealing with ～的地点，用于～ library图书古纳
36、 dictionary字典 -dom place, condition 地点，状态 kingdom王国 freedom自由 -ee one who receives an action 动作的承受者 employee雇员 trainee受训员 -er, -ar, -or one who or a thing that ～的人或工具 farmer农夫 beggar乞丐 cooker厨具 tractor拖拉机 actor演员 -ese, -er, -ian inhabitant of ～的居民 Chinese中国人 southerner南方人 Can
37、adian加拿大人 -ess one who, female ～的人，女性 actress女演员 hostess女主人 -hood state or condition of 状态或条件 childhood童年 boyhood少年时代 -ing a noun 名词 feeling感觉，感情 building建筑 -ion, -tion state or quality of 状态或性质 union联盟 pronunciation发音 -sion state or quality of 状态或性质 decision决定 revision修改，校订
38、 -ism state or quality of 状态或性质 realism现实主义 capitalism资本主义 -ist, -tist one who ～的人 realist现实主义者 scientist科学家 -ity, -ty state or quality of 状态或性质 reality现实 specialty特产，专业 -ment state or quality of 状态或性质 government政府 movement运动 -ness state or quality of 状态或性质 attractiveness魅力
39、illness疾病 -ship state or quality of 状态或性质 friendship友谊 sponsorship赞助 -th state or quality of 状态或性质 truth真理 warmth温暖 -ure state or quality of 状态或性质 failure失败 pleasure快乐 2. 常用形容词后缀列表 后缀 中英文释义 例词 -able, -ible able to be 能～的 suitable 合适的 responsible 负责任的 -al relating to 与～有关的
40、 national 民族的 original 原来的 -ant, -ent having the nature of 具有～性质的 dominant 支配的 independent 独立的 -ar,-ic,-ish having the nature of 具有～性质的 familiar 熟悉的 historic 历史上著名的 boyish 孩子气的 -en state or quality of 有～的状态或质地的 golden 金子的 broken 打碎了的 -fic having the nature of 具有～性质的 specific 明确的
41、 scientific 科学的 -ful full of 充满～的 careful 小心的 helpful 有帮助的 -ive, -ative having the nature of 具有～性质的 attractive 有魅力的 talkative 健谈的 -less without, free of 无～的，缺乏～的 careless 粗心的 homeless 无家可归的 -ous having the nature of 具有～性质的 famous 著名的 hazardous 危险的 -tious, -cious having the nat
42、ure of 具有～性质的 ambitious 有野心的 suspicious 怀疑的 -ious having the nature of 具有～性质的 anxious 焦急的 furious 狂怒的 -some having the nature of 具有～性质的 troublesome 麻烦的 quarrelsome 好争吵的 -ward direction 朝向～的 upward 向上 southward 向南 3. 常用动词后缀列表 后缀 中英文释义 例词 -ate -to make, to cause 使～，造成 activ
43、ate 刺激 animate 鼓舞 -en to make or to cause to do 使～，造成 soften 软化 deepen 加深 -fy, -ify to make or to cause to do 使～，造成 beautify 美化 simplify 简化 -ize, -ise to make, act like 使～，像～一样活动 modernize使现代化 advertise 做广告 4. 常用副词后缀列表 后缀 中英文释义 例词 －ly in a certain manner 以某种方式 quickl
44、y 迅速地 skillfully 熟练地 -ward direction 方向 forward 向前 inward 内向 大学四级高频熟词僻义 单词 熟义 僻义 act v.行动，举止，表演，见效 n.行为 n.法令，一幕 address n.地址 vt.（在信封或包裹上）写姓名地址 n.演说，谈吐 vt.对。。。发表演说，称呼，对付 advance v.提前，提出建议等
45、adj.预先的，先行的 n.进展 v.前进，提高，上涨，预先发放 n.预付款等 age n.年龄，时代 n.老年，[常pl.]很长的一段时间 v.(使)变老，(使)成熟 aim n.目标，目的 n.&vi.瞄准，针对，致力于 air n.空气，空中 n.样子，外观 vt.晾干，使通风，使公开 appear vi.出现，来到，产生 vi.似乎，发表 arm n.臂，臂状物，[pl.]武器 vt.以（武器）装备，提供 article n.文章，物品，冠词 n.条款 atom n.原子 n.微粒，微量 attend
46、 v.出席，专心，致力于 v.照顾，护理 bad adj.坏的，恶的 adj.严重的 badly adv.坏，差 adv.严重地 bar n.酒吧间，条，杆，栅 vt.闩（门窗等），阻拦，封锁 battle n.战役，斗争 vi.作战 bear vt.容忍，负担，生育，运输 n.熊，粗鲁的人 vt.写有，刻有，印有 n.（证券交易中）卖空者 belt n.带，腰带，皮带 n.区，地带 block n.大块（木料，冰等），阻碍（物） vt.堵塞，拦阻 n.街区，大楼 blue adj.蓝色的
47、 n.蓝色 Adj.忧郁的，下流的 body n.身体，主体，物体 n.尸体，一群 book n.书，书籍 Vt.预订 boss n.老板，上司 Vt.指挥 bother v.烦扰，迷惑，尽力，担心 n.麻烦，焦急，令人烦恼的人（或事务） bow n.弓，鞠躬 v.压弯，鞠躬 n.蝴蝶结 v.低下（头） box n.箱，盒，包厢 Vt.把。。。装箱 v.拳击，打拳 branch n.树枝 n.分部，分科 bridge n.桥，桥梁 n.桥牌 vt.架桥于，把。。。连接起来 botton n.扣子，
48、按钮 Vt.扣紧 can Aux.&v.能，会，可能 n.罐头，容器 capital n.首都 n.资金，大写字母 adj.大写的，可处死刑的 catch Vt.捉住，赶上，偶然撞见，染上，吸引 Vt.领会 celebrate v.庆祝，过节 Vt.歌颂 cell n.细胞，小房间 n.电池，基层组织 chair n.椅子 主席，主席的席位 change n.&v.改变，变化 n.零钱 cheap Adj.廉价的，劣质的 Adj.卑鄙的 china n.中国 n.瓷器，瓷料 clas
49、s n.班，班级，课，种类 n.阶级，等级 coat n.外套，上衣 n.表皮 code n.密码，代码 n.准则，法典 vt.把。。。编码 coin n.硬币 vt.铸造（硬币） Vt.创造（新词） collect v.收集，收款，领取，积聚 Adv.&adj.（打电话）由对方付费（的） company n.公司，商号，同伴 n.一群，连队 composition n.作品，写作，创作 n.构成 concert n.音乐会，演奏会 n.一致 content n.&[pl.]内容，目录，所含之物 Vt.使满足 Adj.满意的，满足的 correct Adj.正确的 Vt.纠正 course n.课程，过程，行动方针，路线 n.(一)道（菜） crop n.农作物，庄稼，收成 n.一批 vt.剪短，修剪 custom n.习惯，风俗 n.&[pl.]海关，关税 daily 每日的 n.日报 deal Vt.处理 n.交易，协议 Vt.给予，分给 deed n.行为，功绩 n.契约 degree n.程度，度 n.学位 deliver Vt.投递，送交，发表
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