北京市东城区第五十五中学2022年英语高三第一学期期末学业水平测试试题含解析.doc

2022-2023高三上英语期末模拟试卷
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第一部分 （共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）
1．__will I give up. I believe I can manage it.
A．At once B．At no time C．Right now D．The instant
2．Locals lived in rather ________ conditions until the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949.
A．precious B．primitive
C．precise D．prior
3．____ of danger in the street at night, the girl doesn’t dare to go out without someone ____ her.
A．Warned; accompanied B．Warned; accompanying
C．Warning; accompanied D．Warning; accompanying
4．— Tony, you seem in high spirits.
—________ We won the match 4-1.
A．Guess what? B．Oh, come on!
C．So what? D．No wonder.
5．----Can I park my car here?
----Sure not, we don’t allow here.
A．to parking B．park C．to park D．parking
6．Our team is world-class and it was no surprise that we won by such a margin.
A．low B．high
C．wide D．narrow
7．We were scared to death when the fire______. Fortunately, it was put out before it caused much damage.
A．broke out​​ B．came out
C．gave out​​ D．turned out
8．As John Lennon once said, life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
A．Which B．that
C．what D．where
9．— Nancy, what classes are you taking this term?
— _____ I want to take two English courses, or maybe Spanish.
A．What’s up? B．It’s none of your business. C．I’ve no idea. D．I’m not sure yet.
10．Despite the fact that his scores were good, they were hardly as excellent as a student with his intelligence .
A．achieved B．had achieved
C．would achieve D．should have achieved
11．He messed the project up, but he behaved as if nothing ______.
A．had happened B．happened
C．would happen D．would have happened
12．I ____ about what you’ve said and I’ve decided to take your advice．
A．thought B．have been thinking
C．was thinking D．was thinking
13．Between the two generations, it is often not their age, _________ their education that causes misunderstanding.
A．like B．as C．or D．but
14．The palace is heavily guarded, because inside its walls ________.
A．where sit the European leaders B．the European leaders there sit
C．sit the European leaders D．that the European leaders sit
15．Parents need to encourage kids to develop their potential _____ putting too much pressure on them.
A．without B．besides
C．by D．for
16．One is expected to behave _________ on some special occasions.
A．accurately B．precisely C．appropriately D．rightly
17．It is reported that the ______ in Libya is hotting up.
A．strength B．violence C．power D．activity
18．_____ to manage time wisely, and you can make the most out of each day.
A．Learning B．To learn
C．Learned D．Learn
19．They had just taken their seats, then _____
A．the chairman came B．the chairman comes C．came the chairman D．comes the chairman
20．The incomes of skilled workers went up. , unskilled workers saw their earnings fall.
A．Moreover B．Therefore
C．Meanwhile D．Otherwise
第二部分 阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
21．（6分）Peggy Whitson's job demands a daily two-hour workout in a gym where weight has no meaning and the view changes at 17,000 miles an hour.
Whitson makes it look easy. At 57, she is the oldest woman to fly in space, breaking the record last November when she began her third long-term stay at the International Space Station. After returning home in September, 2017, the NASA astronaut felt matter-of-fact about the age milestone(里程碑).
“It wasn’t a record I was seeking out,” Whitson said. “I was 42 and 48 for my first two space flights. I feel lucky that I was able to get to do another one in my 50s. I don’t think people should let age discourage them, even on those jobs that require some amount of physical fitness. The oldest man is John Glenn (at 77), but we’ve had male astronauts in their 60s before, so it’s just a matter of time before women started flying in space at this age.”
On Earth, she stays fit by weightlifting, biking, playing basketball and water skiing. She shared what it's like to live in micro-gravity: “It’s like you’re in a swimming pool, but you don’t have to worry about breathing. If I push off from one side, I’m going to float to the other side. Every direction feels exactly the same, which is really hard for your brain to grasp, but it’s amazing how fast you adapt.
It’s a big shock for the body to come back to Earth — everything is so heavy. We spend a lot of time getting used being back in gravity again. Back pain was really the most dramatic for me this time. For me, coming home is way harder than going up into space.”
1、What does the underlined word probably mean in the passage?
A．amazing
B．natural
C．enthusiastic
D．unbelievable
2、How many days did Peggy Whiston spend in space for her third stay in the International Space Station?
A．About 300 days.
B．About 708 days.
C．About 107 days.
D．About 57 days.
3、According to the passage, which of the following is true?
A．Peggy Whiston is the oldest person to fly in space, breaking the record.
B．There had been female astronauts in their 60s before.
C．Peggy Whiston likes swimming most to stay fit on earth.
D．Peggy Whiston had been in space in 2002 and 2008.
4、Which of the following will Peggy Whiston probably say?
A．You can still be successful and do physical things when you get older.
B．I spent quite a lot of time getting used to the life in space.
C．The moment we reached the earth, we felt so relaxed.
D．I feel lucky that I am physically all right after the whole journey.
22．（8分）In creating A．J. Fikry’s ordinary-yet-extraordinary life, the author Gabielle Zevin has thrown every clichés(老生常谈) into the mix. The hero, A．J. Fikry, lost his beloved wife Nic in a road accident. The sales of his bookstore have been decreasing. The enthusiastic new sales representative Amelia won’t stop annoying him with new books. His rare and very valuable first edition has gone missing. But the unexpected arrival of Maya left in his care brings about a series of events with love and hope to his life.
There are few real surprises in the plot and attentive readers will be able to tell where the story is headed. But that is not the point; the clichés and the predictable plot take nothing away from Zevin’s work The Storied Life of A．J. Fikry because it’s how she tells the story that first charms the readers, then holds their attention, making them read the whole book in a single sitting and finally give the book a long hug when they are finished. This book is a love letter to the joys of reading.
Each chapter begins with the title of a short story or a book and a note from A．J. Fikry describing what he likes about it, essentially introducing each character by what they read. The characters are so realistic that it’s hard not to fall in love with all of them: Maya, “the fantastic book-worm,” Amelia, “the giantess” with questionable taste in fashion, Lambiase, the adorable police chief, and A．J. Fikry, the reluctant hero who hates electronic reading devices that will “send centuries of a lively culture into what will surely be a rapid decline.”
The passage of time, race issues, and the bureaucratic argument of children’s services are all put aside in the telling of this story, not because there’s anything to hide or because reality is not allowed to interfere, but because the author chooses to focus on the important stuff. For example, it focuses on Lambiase who organizes a reading club for policemen at the book store. His original intention is to help promote business, but over the years he becomes a genuine book-lover, one who tends to always have simple advice for his cynical(愤世嫉俗的) friend, A．J. Fikry. “Bad timing,” Lambiase claims, “I’ve been a police officer for twenty years now and I’ll tell you pretty much every bad thing in life is a result of bad timing, and every good thing is the result of good timing.”
More than anything else, this novel is not only about the selling of them or the reading of them, but how books and stories become part of our lives, how we find ourselves within what we read and how we carry books with us. It is also about the power of unexpected happiness and always believing that something wonderful is just around the corner. The Late Bloomer is the book within a book which brings together A．J. Fikry and Amelia. It reminds them that life doesn’t follow a set script, things happen when they are meant to happen, and there is no such thing as “too late” for anything. Life is the big picture. Always look at the big picture. Enjoy it. Don’t get too concentrated on the details, because it will all be over before you know it. In the long run nobody, not even you, will remember the ordinary details because they are, in the end, quite irrelevant.
A．J. Fikry’s final words of wisdom to teen-aged Maya convey the same feelings in literary terms: “We are not quite novels. We are not quite short stories. In the end, we are collected works. We have read enough to know there are no collections where each story is perfect. Some of us hit. Some miss.”
1、The author’s attitude towards Zevin’s book is _________.
A．supportive B．critical
C．objective D．indifferent
2、How many characters of the novel are mentioned in the passage?
A．Four. B．Five.
C．Six. D．Seven.
3、The police chief organizing a reading club is mentioned to prove _________ in the novel.
A．there is really nothing to hide B．reality is not allowed to interfere
C．important stuff has been focused on D．everything is a result of timing
4、What can be implied in Paragraph 5?
A．The novel underlines happiness will always be around.
B．The novel mainly talks about the marketing of the book.
C．It is The Late Bloomer that brings A．J and Amelia together.
D．It is important to do things on the basis of overall situation.
5、The underlined sentence in the last paragraph most probably means _________.
A．our life is full of ups and downs B．we should collect works all our life
C．our life is closely connected with books D．we should read books all our life
6、The passage is mainly about _________.
A．the extraordinary life of A．J. Fikry B．the moral lesson of no “too late” in life
C．a comment on The Later Bloomer D．a review of The Storied Life of A．J. Fikry
23．（8分） You can’t see your sleeping pets brain waves, but its behavior can tell you when your cat might be dreaming. If you watch closely, you’ll see that as she falls asleep, her breathing becomes slow and regular with her body still. She has entered the first stage of sleep, called slow-wave sleep. After about 15 minutes you’ll notice a change in her breathing. Her eyes move under her closed lids, her paws twitch (抽动) and she flicks (尤指用手指或手快速地轻抚) an ear. She has entered dreaming. Although she twitches and makes little grunting (嘟嘟) noises, messages from her brain to the large muscles in her legs are blocked, so she can’t run about. She is in a state of “sleep paralysis (麻痹)”.
Michel Jouvet, a French scientist, interrupted their sleep paralysis. Even though they were completely asleep, the dreaming cats began to run for balls that Jouvet couldn’t see and arched (弓起) their backs at unseen enemies. He figures he was watching them act out their dreams! Obviously, the dreaming cats seemed to be practising important cat skills: following, pouncing (猛扑), and fighting.
In another study, Matt Wilson recorded rats brain waves while they learned mazes (迷宫). One day, he left the brain-wave-recording machine on while the rats fell asleep. The pattern of brain waves in the sleeping rats matched the pattern from the maze so closely that Wilson could figure out exactly which part of the maze each rat was dreaming about!
Many researchers now think that in both people and animals, one purpose of dreams is to practise important skills and figure out recent learning. This may explain why so many people dream about fighting and escaping, skills that were probably important to our ancestors, and why dreaming affects our ability to learn.
Do all animals dream? From looking at the brain waves of sleeping animals. How often animals dream seems to be tied to body size. Cats dream about every 15 minutes, mice every 9 minutes, and elephants every 2 hours. And though cows and horses usually sleep standing up, they only dream when lying down.
1、What does Michel Jouvet find in his study?
A．The dreaming cats are in a state of body paralysis.
B．The dreaming cats often practise their important skills.
C．The eyes of dreaming cats moved while bodies are still.
D．The muscles of the dreaming cats are blocked to move.
2、What can you know about dreaming from the passage?
A．Dreaming a lot can help humans learn more.
B．Learning mazes is the basic skill for cats to learn.
C．Rats often dreams to make certain their recent learning
D．Fighting and escaping are not important skills for ancestors.
3、Which animal may dream most frequently?
A．Rats. B．Dogs.
C．Cows. D．Elephants
4、How does the author develop his passage?
A．By making comparisons. B．By using figures
C．By telling stories D．By showing facts
24．（8分）Saying ''I'm sorry when you've hurt someone can be a hard thing to do. We’re stubborn creatures, after all, and don’t love dealing with it when we’re wrong. But apologizing, and meaning it, is an important part of the forgiveness process.
Michael McCullough made a research and found that the most sincere, forgiveness-inducing apolog.es include saying “I’m sorry”, offering to make up for the wrongdoing in some way, and taking responsibility. And the reason why they work so well is largely based on principles of evolution, the apologies make the transgressor(犯错的人} seem more valuable as a relationship partner, and also help the victim fed less at risk of getting hurt again.
One basic scientific implication of the results is that the human psychology of conflict resolution is unusually similar to that of animals which live in groups. “Many group-living animals, particularly mammals, seem to use peace making gestures' as signals of their desire to end conflict and restore cooperative relationships with other individuals after aggressive conflict has occurred,” McCullough said. “We seem to reach a common view on this point.”
“I would say that empathy(情感共鸣）is a part of good mental health, and that could be a part of the natural selection process, too,'' Bethany Marshall says. “Humans with empathy tend to be healthier and make better choices in life, while those who are aggressive don’t tend to do as well.”
, And having empathy when you've hurt someone, she says, is the best way to apologize.” The most important thing is that you feel t