G.6甲板起货机构造.doc

６甲板起货机构造
（Construction of Cargo Crane on Deck）
吊杆和起重机是一般货船上最普遍使用的货物装卸设备，又称为起货设备。吊杆分轻型吊杆和重型吊杆，一般将起重量大于10 t的吊杆称为重吊。重型吊杆与轻型吊杆不同处在于吊杆的头部和根部结构。起重机按动力源不同分为电动式和液压式两种。
6.1轻型吊杆

(a)单桅吊杆装置 (b)门型桅吊杆装置
图6.1.1吊杆装置形式
图6.1.1吊杆装置形式derrick rig type
(a)单桅吊杆装置single-masted derrick rig (b)门形桅吊杆装置goalpost-typed derrick device
①千斤索（也称为吊杆顶索）topping lift
②摆动稳索slewing guy
③牵索（稳索）guy
④吊货索cargo fall, cargo rope
⑤吊货钩cargo hook，
⑥绞车winch
⑦舱口围板hatch coaming
⑧上甲板upper deck
⑨舱口hatch，hatchway
(10)舷墙bulwark
(11)吊杆boom, derrick boom
(12)侧柱side post
(13)带叉架的桅柱derrick post with forked bracket
(14)强力牵索和牵索滑车组 span guy and guy tackle
(15)门型桅柱 goalpost

(a) 轻型吊杆装置布置

（b）吊杆的牵索 (c) 吊杆的滑车和吊索
图6.1.2轻型吊杆装置构造
图6.1.2轻型吊杆装置构造construction of light derrick rig
①吊货杆桅derrick mast
②吊杆boom derrick boom
③舱口吊杆hatch boom
④舷外吊杆outboard boom
⑤吊杆台derrick stool
⑥吊杆承座derrick socket, gooseneck bracket
⑦千斤座topping bracket
⑧护索环cargo runner guide
⑨吊货索cargo fall, cargo rope, cargo runner
(10)吊货滑车cargo block, load sheave
(11)上吊货滑车derrick head purchase block
(12)下吊货滑车lower cargo purchase block
(13)吊杆座滑车derrick heel block
(14)千斤索topping lift
(15)千斤滑车topping lift block, span block
(16)上千斤滑车head span block
(17)下千斤滑车lower span block
(18)千斤索绞车topping lift winch
(19)摆动稳索slewing guy
(20)保险稳索preventive guy
(21)吊杆间牵索midship guy
(22)保险稳索链preventive guy chain
(23)吊货钩cargo hook
(24)吊货短链short cargo chain
(25)三角眼板triangular eye plate
(26)吊货网兜cargo net, net sling
(27)起货机cargo winch
(28)稳索滑车guy block
(29)有节定位索 pitched guyline
(30)有节定位索夹头 pitched guyline clip
(31)舱口围板 hatch coaming
(32)起货机平台 winch platform
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图6.1.3 a轻型吊杆头部装置 图6.1.3 b轻型吊杆根部装置
图6.1.3 a轻型吊杆头部装置light derrick head
图6.1.3 b轻型吊杆根部装置light derrick heel
①吊杆箍derrick band
②吊货眼板cargo purchase eyeplate
③稳索眼板guy eyeplate
①吊杆叉头derrick heel
②叉头横销derrick heel cross pin
③转轴spindle
④转轴座spindle seat
⑤吊杆座滑车眼板block eyeplate of gooseneck bracket
⑥吊杆承座gooseneck bracket
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图6.1.3 c轻型吊杆的千斤座
图6.1.3 c轻型吊杆的千斤座light derrick topping bracket
①千斤索眼板topping lift (line) eyeplate
②座架bench
③销轴pintle
④桅肩hound piece

(1)普通吊钩 (2)山字吊钩
图6.1.3 d轻型吊杆的吊钩装里
图6.1.3 d轻型吊杆的吊钩装里
light derrick hook gear
①吊货钩lifting hook, crampon
②吊钩卸扣cargo shackle
③吊钩转环cargo hook swivel
④吊货短链cargo chain
⑤平衡锤balance weight, back balance
⑥吊货索cargo fall
⑦山字钩double hook
⑧吊钩梁connecting traverse
⑨下吊货滑车lower cargo purchase block
(10)滑车钢丝绳wire rope fall

图6.1.4滑车的结构名称 图6.1.5绞车图
图6.1.4滑车的结构名称block construction
图6.1.5绞车winch
①挂头hanger
②车壳block shell
③轴承bearing
④制动板brake plate
⑤车带block fork
⑥轴spindle
⑦滑轮sheave
⑧车尾block tail
①拖索用卷筒guy drum
②操纵箱control trunk
③主卷筒reeling drum
④电动机electric motor
⑤绞车底座winch base
⑥轴承和轴承支架bearing and bearing bracket
⑦卷筒凸缘drum flange
6.2重型吊杆

图6.2.1重型吊杆装置
图6.2.1重型吊杆装置heavy derrick rig
①千斤索topping lift line
②吊货索cargo fall
③吊钩装置cargo hook gear
④吊杆heavy derrick boom
⑤稳索guy
⑥导向滑车lead block, lead pulley
⑦门形柱goalpost
⑧操纵台control desk
⑨左回转绞车left slewing winch
(10)起货机cargo winch
(11)千斤索绞车topping lift winch
(12)右回转绞车right slewing winch
(13)起货机平台cargo winch platform
(14)舷外吊杆叉头outrigger

（1）吊杆头部 （2）吊杆根部
图6.2.2重型吊杆的头根部装置
图6.2.2重型吊杆的头根部装置
heavy derrick head and heel gear
①嵌入式滑车inset-typed sheave
②桅柱heavy lower mast
③吊杆heavy boom
④垂直转轴vertical spindle
⑤吊杆座derrick socket
⑥上甲板upper deck

图6.2.3 V型重吊结构
图6.2.3 V型重吊结构
V-type heavy derrick rig
①起重柱heavy derrick post
②重型吊杆heavy derrick boom
③滑车钢丝绳wire rope fall
④千斤索滑车组topping lift tackle
⑤重吊起重绞车heavy cargo winch
⑥重吊千斤索绞车topping lift winch
⑦梯子ladder
⑧控制台control desk
⑨轻型吊杆light derrick
(10)(11)(12)吊货索导向滑车cargo fall leadblock
(13)千斤索导向滑车topping lift lead block
(14)山字吊货钩double hook
(15)吊货滑车组cargo fall tackle
6.3起重机

图6.3.1电动回转式起重机
electric revolving crane
①吊臂jib arm
②起货绞车cargo winch
③定柱column，post
④变幅绞车luffing winch, span winch
⑤机房engine room
⑥旋转动力装置power rotating gear
⑦小齿轮gear
⑧大齿轮gearwheel
⑨吊货索cargo fall
(10)千斤索滑车组topping lift tackle
(11)吊货索导向滑车derrick cargo lead block
(12)上支承upper carrier
(13)下支承lower bearing
(14)吊货钩lifting hook, crampon, sling-dog
(15)转环swivel
(16)吊货索导向滑车cargo runner lead block
(17)千斤索导向滑车topping lift lead block
(18)千斤索topping lift
(19)上甲板upper deck

图6.3.2 a液压回转式起重机
图6.3.2 a液压回转式起重机hydraulic revolving-crane
①吊货索导向滑轮cargo runner lead block
②吊货索cargo fall
③通风盖ventilation cover
④梯子ladder
⑤起升液压马达cargo lifting hydraulic motor
⑥操纵室cage, control room
⑦起升操纵杆cargo lifting operating arm ,cargo lifting control rod
⑧变幅和回转操纵杆luffing and slewing operating arm，luffing and slewing control rod
⑨变幅油马达luffing hydraulic motor
(10)油冷却器oil cooler
(11)吊臂jib arm
(12)电动机electric motor
(13)油箱oil tank
(14)回转油马达slewing hydraulic motor
(15)定柱column, post
(16)回转底盘slewing disc
(17)千斤索topping lift
(18)旋转接头cargo shackle
(19)吊货钩卸扣hook shackle
(20)吊货钩cargo hook, crampon, sling-dog
(21)千斤索导向滑轮topping lift line runner lead block

图6.3.2b回转机构 图6.3.2 c松索安全保护装置
图6.3.2 b回转机构
slewing mechanism of crane
图6.3.2 c松索安全保护装置
safety protective device for veering out
①刹车液压管brake hydraulic pipe
②制动液压缸brake hydrocylinder
③主油管main oil pipe
④制动曲柄brake crank arm
⑤液压马达hydraulic motor
⑥制动带brake-band，friction strap
⑦小齿轮gear
⑧回转突缘rotating lug
⑨密封圈seal ring, gasket ring
⑩大齿轮圈 gearwheel ring
①钢索steel cable, wire rope．
②刹车卷筒brake drum
③滚轮roller
④支架brake supporting
⑤制动带brake-band, friction strap
⑥刹车液压缸brake hydrocylinder

图6.3.３组合式起重机team cranes
①克令吊（单回转式起重机）crane
②吊货钩lifting hook，crampon，sling-dog
③吊货钢索cargo fall
④吊钩横梁connecting traverse
⑤货舱cargo hold
⑥折叠式舱口盖folding hatch cover
⑦舱口盖板flat hatch cover
⑧回转平台rotating platform
⑨起重机平台支柱column