2023年成人学位英语试题.doc

2023

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension（30 minutes 30%）
Directions: In this part there are four reading passages. Each passage is followed by some questions or incomplete statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are required to choose the best answer from the four choices. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

Questions 16-20 are based on the following passage.
The exact number of English words is not known. The large dictionaries have over half a million entries, but many of these are compound words (schoolroom, sugar bowl) or different derivatives of the same word (rare—rarely, rarefy) , and a good many are obsolete words to help us read older literature. Dictionaries do not attempt to cover completely words that we can draw on: the informal vocabulary, especially slang, localism, the terms of various occupations and professions; words used only occasionally by scientists and specialists in many fields; foreign words borrowed for use in English; or many new words or new senses of words that come into use every year and that may or may not be used long enough to warrant being included. (86) It would be conservative to say that there are over a million English words that any of us might meet in our listening and reading and that we many draw on in our speaking and wirting.
Professor Seashore concluded that first—graders enter school with at least 24,000 words and add 5,000 each year so that they leave high school with at least 80,000. These figures are for recognition vocabulary，the words we understand when we read or hear them. our active vocabulary，the words we use in speaking and writing，is considerably smaller.
You cannot always produce a word exactly when you want it. But consciously using the words you recognize in reading will help get them into your active vocabulary. (87) occasionally in your reading pay particular attention to these words, especially when the subject is one that you might well write or talk about. Underline or make a list of words that you feel a need for and look up the less less familiar ones in a dictionary. And then be fore very long find a way to use some of them. Once you know how they are pronounced and what they stand for，you can safely use them.
16. According to the author’s estimation，there are words in English
A. more than half a million B. at least 24,000
C. at least 80,000 D. more than a million
17. The italicized word“obsolete”in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to .
A. no longer in use B. profound C. colorful D. common
18. One’s recognition vocabulary is .
A. 1ess often used than his active vocabulary
B. smaller than his active vocabulary
C. as large as his active vocabulary
D. much larger than his active vocabulary
19. The author does not suggest getting recognition vocabulary into active vocabulary By .
A. making a list of words you need and looking up the new ones in a dictionary
B. spending half an hour studying the dictionary
C. consciously using the words you recognize in reading
D. trying to use the words you recognize
20. From the passage we learn that .
A. dictionaries completely cover the words we can make use of
B. “schoolroom”is used in the passage as an example of a specialized term
C. once you know how a word is pronounced and what it represents，you have turned it into your active word
D. active vocabulary refers to words we understand when we read and hear them

Questions 21-25 are based on the following passage.
A third of Britons are overweight, states a report published in January by the Royal Collgeg of Physicians，the result of an 18-month-long study. About five percent of children weigh too much，and are likely to stay that way for life；in the mid-twenties age group the proportion of fat people rises to a third，and of the middle-aged population half are overweight.
Fat people risk severe health problems，says the report，including high blood pressure，breathlessness, and various forms of heart disease. Smoking is particularly risky for overweight people.
The safest way to lose weight is to eat cereals，bread，fruit and vegetables, and cut down on fatty meats，butter and sweet foods，Fad diets do far more harm than good；slimming machines that vibrate muscles have not been proved useful；saunas (桑拿浴) merely remove a little body water，and health farms，says the report，serve as expensive holidays.
(88) Exercise is most important to health, the report emphasizes; though it doesn’t necessarily reduce weight, it maintains the correct proportion of body fat to body muscle. And it isn’t only for the young; from middle age a minimum of 20 minutes of general physical jirks should be practiced three times a week.
The report advocates several public health measures to combat the high prevalence of overweight in this country. They include an increase of tax on alcohol to reduce its increasing，and dangerously fattening，consumption；and the provision of more sports facilities by local authorities. Britain’s doctors，the report concludes，must learn to be more sympathetic and specific in their advice to the overweight，encouraging a change in eating habits on a long—term basis，and taking into account the many—often complex—reasons why fat people are fat.
21. The passage mainly talks about .
A. the cause of Britons’ overweight
B. how to avoid getting overweight
C. Britons’ overweight problem
D. the relations between overweight and health problems
22. According to the report, a person is most likely to stay fat for the whole of his life if he .
A. gets fat in the twenties B. gets fat in his middle age
C. is born fat D. gets fat when he is child
23. The report suggests that exercise .
A. is a way to reduce weight B. sometimes increase weight
C. is a sure way to keep one healthy D. can convert fat to muscle
24. The report points out that drinking too much alcohol .
A. will also cause one to get fat
B. will cause one to do less sports
C. will make one forget the fact that he is fat
D. will lead one to bad eating habits
25. Britain’s doctors，when treating the overweight，should
A. encourage a long-term diet for everyone
B. be more considerate and give detailed advice
C. first consider why so many people are fat
D. do all of the above

Questions 26-30 are based on the following passage.
One of the most important ways an individual can reduce pollution is by conserving energy. Conserving energy reduces the air pollution created by power plants. Driving less is one of the best ways to save energy and avoid polluting the air.
People can save electricity by buying more efficient light bulbs and home appliances. People can also conserve by using appliances less often.
People can also buy products that are safe for the environment. For example, households can help reduce water pollution by using fewer toxic cleaning products. If consumers refuse to purchase harmful products, manufacturers will stop making them.
People can also help reduce pollution by eating less meat. Farmers use large quantities of fertilizer and pesticides to raise the production of grain on which cattle, hogs, and poultry feed . Farmers would use much less fertilizers and pesticides if people chose to eat less meat and more grains, beans and vegetables. If consumers would accept produce with slight blemishes or imperfections, farmers could reduce their use of chemicals.
One of the simplest ways individuals can prevent pollution is by reusing products. For example, some milk suppliers use glass bottles instead of paper bags to carry groceries or to hold garbage. When people reuse products, they avoid both the pollution associated with the creation of a new product and the pollution caused when the product is thrown out.
(89) The most important way people can fight pollution is to learn as much as possible about how their actions affect the environment. Then they can make intelligent choices that will reduce damage to the planet.
26. There are several ways, listed in the passage, for individuals to conserve energy except .
A. driving less
B. using more efficient light bulbs and home appliances
C. using appliances less often
D. using less fertilizer and pesticides
27. The most important way for individuals to reduce pollution is .
A. saving energy B. eating less meat
C. using paper bags D. closing all the power plants
28. Learning much about how their actions affect the environment can help people fight pollution because they .
A. can make intelligent choices to reduce damage to the environment
B. can choose to buy products that are safe for the environment
C. can choose to eat less meat and more grains, beans, and vegetables
D. would accept produce with slight blemishes or imperfections
29. One of the simplest ways to prevent pollution is .
A. driving less B. reusing products
C. conserving energy D. buying more efficient bulbs
30. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. The Most Important Ways to Reduce Pollution
B. The Best Ways to Conserve Energy
C. The Simplest Ways to Control Pollution
D. Individual Efforts on Controlling Pollution

Questions 31-35 are based on the following passage.
The scope of mankind’s activities has experienced expansion from land to ocean, from ocean to atmosphere, and from atmosphere to outer space. Space technology, which emerged in the 1950s, opened up a new era of man’s exploration of outer space.
(90) Having developed rapidly for about half a century, mankind’s space activities have scored remarkable achievements, greatly promoted the development of social productivity and progress, and produced profound and far-reaching effects. Space technology has turned out to be one field of high technology that exerts the most profound influence on modern society. The continuous development and application of space technology has become an important endeavor in the modernization drive of countries all over the world.
The Chinese nation created a glorious civilization in the early stage of mankind’s history. The gunpowder“rocket”invented by ancient China was the embryo of modern space rockets. After the People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949, China carried out space activities on its own, and succeeded in developing and launching its first man-made satellite in 1970. China has made eye-catching achievements, and now ranks among the world’s most advanced countries in some important fields of space technology. In the 21st century, China will continue to promote the development of its space industry in the light of its national situation, and make due contribution to the peaceful use of outer space, and to the civilization and progress of mankind.
31. Space technology emerged .
A. with the invention of airplanes B. in the middle of the 20th century
C. with the invention of spaceships D. with the invention of gunpowder
32. In the author’s opinion，space technology is .
A. a waste of money
B. valueless to our daily life
C. the most profound development of modern society
D. greatly improving our daily life
33. China’s space activities .
A. are carried out on its own
B. depend on the important technology
C. rely on international cooperation
D. aim at the occupation of outer space
34. China 1aunched its first man—made satellite
A. in the first half of the 20th century
B. at the beginning of the 19th century
C. in the second half of the 20th century
D. at the beginning of the 21th century
35.China developed its space technology in order to .
A. create a glorious civilization
B. rank among the world’S most advanced countries
C. expand from atmosphere to outer space
D. make peaceful use of outer space

PartⅢ Vocabulary and Structure(20 minutes 15％)
Directions：In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each. sentence there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. You are required to choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
36. She gave her son .
A. a good advice B. a good piece advice
C. some good advices D. a good piece of advice
37. I am responsible for this.
A. is B. are C. D. have been
38. The Smiths are said to have bought furniture recently.
A. a great deal of B. many
C. quite a few D. a large number of
39. Please go to to pick up your ID card.
A. third window B. the window three
C. window third D. the third window
40. No sooner had he gone to bed than he fell asleep .
A. sleepy B. slept C. D. sleeping
41. The coal output last year was five years before.
A. as much as twice B. twice as much as
C. twice so much as D. as twice much as
42. Send for a doctor quickly. The old man is dying .
A. will die B. C. dies D. died
43. Come and lend me a hand, ?
A. do you B. can you C. will you D. shall you
44. Some of the experiments described in the book are easy to perform.
A. being described B.
C. to be described D. having been described
45. The teacher often has his students to repeat what he tells them.
A. B. repeating C. to repeat D. repeated
46. I really appreciate your offering to help me, but I am sure that I can manage by myself.
A. you to offer B. that you offer
C. D. that you’re offering
47. I have made that I will never go back on my word. it clear
A. that it clear B. C. it that clear D. clear that it
48. John has great acting potential , but he needs training to be a real actor.
A. B. possibility C. probability D. productivity
49. Proper can ease people’s relationship and make their conversation more pleasant.
A. insults B. speeches C. compliments D. noises
50. Then the speaker went on the various factors leading to the present economic crisis.
A. dwelt B. looked on C. turned on D.
51. Nobody but a young woman survived the airplane crash.
A. endured B. withdrew C. D. lived
52. Nowadays advertising costs are no longer in reasonable proportion to the total cost of products.
A. connection B. C. relation D. correspondence
53. It is not easy to acquire the ability to speak fluent English or write idiomatic English.
A. require B. C. enquire D. equalize
54. It’s usually the case that people seldom behave in a rational way when angry.
A. stable B. legal C. D. credible
55. The news that the firm was closing down on account of bad management.
A. got about B. came down C. took around D. went over
56. Although he was careful in connecting the plug, he still got an electric shock .
A. alarm B.