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1、单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。,Word and phrase,1.core;mantle;crust 地核；地幔；地壳,4.continental crust 大陆地壳,5.granite;basalt 花岗岩；玄武岩,6.sial;sima 硅铝层；硅镁层,7.surface waves;body.面波；体波,8.epicentre;focus 震中；震源,9.lithosphe
2、re 岩石圈,10.tectonic plate 结构板块,1/41,11.continetal drift 大陆漂移,12.asthenosphere 软流层,13.ocean ridge 洋脊,14.ocean trench 海沟,15.subduction 俯冲作用,16.volcanism 火山作用,17.fold mountain 褶皱山脉,18.fold;fault 褶皱；断层,19.sedimentary rocks 沉积岩,2/41,20.vent 火山口,21.lava 熔岩,22.volcanic cones 火山锥,23.parasitic cone 寄生火山锥,24.p
3、lug 岩颈,25.volcanic ash 火山灰,26.mechanical weathering 机械风化,27.chemical weathering 化学风化,28.freeze-thaw 冻融,3/41,29.pressure release 卸荷释重,30.limestone 石灰岩,31.hydrolysis 水解作用,32.quartz 石英,33.hydration 水合作用,34.oxidation 氧化作用,35.alluvium 冲击层,36.gravel 砂砾,37.denudation 剥蚀作用,4/41,38.precipitation 降水,39.climat
4、ic zone 气候带,40.mid-latitude 中纬度,41.semi-arid 半干旱,42.tropical wet-dry 热带干湿季气候,43.watershed 分水岭,44.drainage basin 流域,45.regolith 风化层,46.soil creep 土壤蠕动,5/41,47.mass movement 块体运动,48.strata 地层,49.overland runoff 地表径流,50.sheet wash 片状冲刷,51.pediment 山前侵蚀平原（山足面）,52.rockfall 山崩,53.landslide 滑坡,54.intercept
5、ion 截流,55.evapotranspiration 蒸发和蒸腾总量,6/41,56.capillary rise 毛管上升,57.aeration zone 包气带,58.overland flow;interflow;base flow 地表径流；壤中流；地下径流,59.water table 潜水面（水位）,60.basin length;area 流域长度;流域面积,61.tributary 支流；,62.trunk stream 干流,63.drainage density 河网密度,7/41,64.flood plain 泛滥平原,65.coniferous tree 松树,6
6、7.inselberg 岛状山,68.equator 赤道,69.monsoon 季风,70.storm hydrograph 暴雨水文曲线,71.discharge 流量,72.peak flow 洪峰流量,8/41,73.rainfall peak 降水峰值,74.precipitation intensity 降水强度,75.land use 土地利用,76.water-born waste 水成废弃物,77.heavy metal 重金属,78.climatology 气候学,79.urban heat island 城市热岛,80.deciduous trees 落叶树,9/41,8
7、1.upper;middle;lower reach 上中下游,82.vertical erosion 下切侵蚀,83.headward erosion 溯源侵蚀,84.lateral erosion 侧蚀,85.pot-hole 壶穴,86.meander 曲流,87.ox-bow lake 牛轭湖,88.delta 三角洲,89.lake basin 湖盆,10/41,90.levee 天然提,91.rill and gully erosion 细沟、冲沟侵蚀,92.clay;silt;sand;,粘土；粉砂；砂,93.suspended sediment 悬浮沉积物,94.atmosph
8、erical fallout 大气沉降,95.laminar flow 层流,96.turbulent flow 紊流,97.riffle;pool 浅滩；深槽,98.channel roughness 河道粗糙度,11/41,99.sandbar 沙坝,100.thalweg 中泓线,101.estuary,河口,102.lagoon 泻湖,103.salinity 盐度,104.coastline 海岸线,105.dune 沙丘,106.suspension;saltation;creep 悬移；跃移；蠕移,12/41,107.dust storm 尘暴,108.windward;leew
9、ard 迎风；背风,109.prevailing wind 盛行风,110.deflation hollow 风蚀凹地,111.aridity 干燥度,112.tropic of cancer 北回归线,113.tropic of capricorn 南回归线,114.gobi 戈壁,115.continentality 大陆度,13/41,116.cold ocean current 寒流,117.plateau 高原,118.alluvial fan 冲积扇,119.pediplanation 山麓夷平作用,120.deflation 风蚀,121.moraine 冰碛,122.glaci
10、al；interglacial 冰期；间冰期,123.Recent 全新世,124.Quaternary Era 第四纪,14/41,125.periglacial period 冰缘期,126.nivation 冰蚀,127.earth orbit 地球轨道,128.plucking 挖蚀,129.abrasion 磨蚀,130.pyramidal peak 角峰,131.arete 刃脊,132.cirque 冰斗,133.horn 角峰,15/41,134.U-shaped valley(trough)U型谷,135.fluvioglacial deposit 冰水沉积,136.drum
11、lin 鼓丘,137.terminal moraine 终碛,138.outwash plain 冰水沉积平原,139.kettle hole 锅穴,140.wavelength 波长,141.crest；trough 波峰；波谷,142.wave period 周期,16/41,143.wave frequency 波频,144.wave height 波高,145.wave refraction 波浪折射,146.tidal range 潮差,147.stack 海蚀柱,148.arch 海蚀拱桥,149.headland 海岬,150.troposphere(pause);strato-
12、meso-;thermo-对流层（顶）、平流、中间、热成,17/41,151.pressure-gradient force 气压梯度力,152.isobar 等压线,153.sub-tropical anticyclone 副热带高压,154.cirrus 卷云,155.cumulus 积云,156.stratus 层云,157.cumulonimbus 积雨云,158.convection rain 对流雨,159.thunderstorm 雷雨,18/41,160.depression 低气压,161.frontal rain 锋面雨,162.orographic rain 地形雨,1
13、63.equatorial trough 赤道低压槽,164.front 锋,165.temperature inversion 逆温,166.soil texture 土壤质地,167.loam 壤土,168.soil structure 土壤结构,19/41,169.soil moisture 土壤水分,170.field capacity 田间持水量,171.cation exchange capacity 阳离子交换量,172.podzol 灰化土,173.brown earth 褐土,174.sandstone 砂岩,175.gley 潜育土,176.azonal soil 非地带性
14、土壤,177.soil horizon 土层,20/41,178.humification 腐殖化作用,179.mineralisation 矿化作用,180.eluviation 淋溶作用,181.calcification 钙化作用,182.salinisation 盐化作用,183.gleying 潜育化作用,184.illuviation 淀积作用,185.savanna 热带稀树草原（萨王纳）,186.saline soil 盐土,21/41,187.biogeography 生物地理学,188.biotic;abiotic element 生物;非生物成份,189.autotrop
15、h;heterotroph 自养生物；异养生物,190.producer;consumer 生产者；消费者,191.photosynthesis 光合作用,192.herbivore 食草动物,193.carnivore 食肉动物,194.decomposer 分解者,22/41,195.trophic pyramid 营养金字塔,196.food web 食物网,197.primary productivity 初级生产力,198.gross productivity 总生产力, productivity 净生产力,200.continental shelf 大陆架,201.successi
16、on（prisere）演替,202.climax community 顶级群落,203.primary(secondary)succession 初级和次级演替,23/41,24/41,25/41,26/41,27/41,1.Magma chamber2.Bedrock3.Conduit(pipe)4.Base5.Sill6.Branch pipe7.Layers of ash emitted by the volcano8.Flank9.Layers of lava emitted by the volcano10.Throat11.Parasitic cone12.Lava flow13.Vent14.Crater,28/41,Perimeter/drive line,流域周长/分水线,mouth,出口,Basin length,流域长度,Basin area,流域面积,29/41,30/41,31/41,32/41,sandbar,thalweg,riffle,pool,sandbar,thalweg,riffle,pool,33/41,34/41,35/41,36/41,37/41,38/41,39/41,40/41,41/41,
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