1、 形容词和副词比较级、最高级的用法 1.原级的构成和用法 l)构成:形容词,副词的原级形式是形容词,副词的原形. 2)用法:表示双方在程度,性质,特征等某方面相等时,用“ as 十原级形容词或副词十 as”的结构;表示双方不相等时,用“ not so (as)十原级形容词或副词十 as”的结构;表示一方是另一方的若干倍时,用“倍数十 as十原级形容词或副词十 as”的结构. 例如: This building looks
2、 not so (as) high as that one. Ms.Sun speaks English as fluently as you. This room is three times as large as that one. 2.比较级和最高级的构成和用法 1)比较级和最高级的构成: ①单音节形容词以及少数以- er,- ow结尾的形容词和副词加“ er”,“ est”.例如: gr
3、eat greater greatest narrow narrower narrowest fast faster fastest clever cleverer cleverest ②以 e结尾的单音节形容词和副词后以及少数以- ble,- ple结尾的双音节形容词和副词后,加“ r”,“ st”.例如: large larger largest able abler ablest
4、 simple simpler simplest ③以一个辅音结尾的单音节形容词,其前的元音字母发短元音时,该辅音字母要双写,然后加“ er”,“ est”.例如: hot hotter hottest ④以辅音加 y结尾的形容词和少数不是形容词加 ly构成的副词要将 y改为 i,再加“ er”,“est”,例如: easy easier easiest early earlier earliest
5、happy happier happiest ⑤一般双音节词、多音节形容词和副词在原级前加 more或most.例如: beautiful more beautiful most beautiful carefully more carefully most carefully ⑥少数单音节形容词也加 more和 most构成比较级和最高级。例如: tired more tired most tired
6、 pleased more pleased most pleased ⑦下列形容词、副词的比较级和最高级可有两种构成方法. cruel crueler cruelest more cruel most cruel often oftener oftenest more often most often stric
7、t stricter strictest more strict most strict friendly friendlier friendliest more friendly most friendly ⑧下列形容词,副词的比较级和最高级的构成不规则 good,well better best bad, ill wors
8、e worst mant,much more most little less least far farther farthest further furthest old elder/older eldest/ oldest 2)比较级的用法 ①双
9、方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级十 than”的结构表示.例如: This pen is better than that one. ②表示一方不及另一方时,用“ less十原级十 than”的结构表示.例如: This room is less beautiful than that one. ③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比较前加表示程度的状语,如:even,a lot,a bit,a little,still,much,far,yet,by far等修
10、饰.例如: He works even harder than before. 注意:英语的比较级前如无 even,still,或 yet等时,译成汉语时可用“较”或“„„一些”或不译出,一般不可用“更”,如: She is better than she was yesterday.她比昨天好些了. Please come earlier tomorrow. 请明天早点来.注意:by far通常用于强调最高级.用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,如在前面,
11、应在二者中间加“ the”.如 He is taller by far than his brother. He is by far the taller of the two brothers. ④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时,用“ the 十比较级(主语十谓语),the 十比 较级(主 语十谓语)”的结构.例如: The harder he works,the happier he feels. ⑤不与其它事物相比,表示本身程度的改变时,用“比较级十 and十比较级”的
12、结构.例如: The weather is getting colder and colder. The girl becomes more and more beautiful. ⑥某些以一 or结尾的形容词进行比较时,用 to代替 than.(这些词有inferior,superior,junior,senior,prior等.例如: He is superior to Mr Wang in mathematics.
13、 ⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复,我们通常用 that(those),one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。 that指物,one既可指人,也可指物.that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,而one只能代替可数名词.例如: The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk. A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood.
14、 ⑧表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型: A) A is three(four,ete) times the size(height,length,width,ete) of B.例如; The new building is four times the size( the height) of the old one. 这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。(这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍[高三倍]). B) A is three(four,etc) times as big(high,l
15、ong,wide,etc.) as B.例如: Asia is four times as lareg as Europe,亚洲是欧洲的四倍大.(亚洲比欧洲大 三倍.) C) A is three(four,etc.) times bigger ( higher,longer,wider,etc.) than B. 例如:Your school is three times bigger than ours, 你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍.(你们的学校是我们学校的四倍大.)
16、 用 times表示倍数,一般只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数.表示两倍可以用 twice或 double 3)最高级的用法 ①三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度时,用“ the十最高级”的结构表示.这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语.例如: Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three. He works (the) hardest in his class. ②
17、最高级可被序数词以及 much,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not quite,not really,nothing like等词语所修饰. 例如: This hat is by far/much/nearly/almost/not nearly/by no means/not quite/ nothing like the biggest. How much did the second most expensive hat coat? ③表示“最高程度”的形容词,如 excellent,extreme,perfect等,没有最高级,也不能用比较级. ④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时,被修饰的词往往省略. He is the tallest(boy) in his class. ⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词.例如 0f all the boys he came(the) earliest






