1、第二周 掌握五种基本句式 句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子,但英语中最基本的句式只有五种,其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式转换而来。五种基本句式如下: 一、主语+谓语(不及物动词) 该句式常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点为:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思,这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 Immediately, a crowd gathered around us.(2013·浙江高考书面表达) 一群人马上围拢在我们的身旁。 Bathed in the sunshine, we jumped and cheered with joy
2、2013·江西高考书面表达) 沐浴在阳光中,我们高兴得欢呼雀跃。 [即时演练] 完成句子 1.为了身体健康,我们应该定期锻炼。 In order to keep fit, we_should_exercise_regularly. 2.这里高楼林立、绿树成荫。 Here many_high_buildings_have_appeared with green trees growing quickly. 二、主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 该句式特点为:谓语动词均为实义动词,都是主语发出的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语(宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式等
3、来充当),即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。 Then I wiped the dust off all the furniture.(2013·陕西高考书面表达) 然后我扫去所有家具上的灰尘。 On the other hand, a lot of factories can't employ enough workers.(2013·广东高考读写任务) 另一方面,很多工厂却雇佣不到足够的工人。 [名师指津] 该句式的谓语动词要用及物动词。如果是不及物动词,后面一定要跟介词构成及物词组。 In China, these knots stand for friendship, lov
4、e and good luck. (2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ书面表达) 在中国,这些中国结代表友谊、爱和好运。 [即时演练] 完成句子 1.最近几年,我们已经互相培养了良好的友谊。 Over the years, we_have_developed_a_good_friendship with each other. 2.当今,许多大城市的人们在抱怨交通拥堵。 Nowadays, people in many big cities are_complaining_about_the_heavy_traffic. 三、主语+系动词+表语 该句式就是常说的主系表结构。此句型侧重说
5、明主语是什么或怎么样,谓语动词需用系动词(主要是be动词),表语多为形容词,也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式及分词等。 Such a situation is of great concern.(2013·福建高考书面表达) 这样的情况引起了极大的关注。 As a matter of fact, failure isn't so terrible.(2013·湖南高考满分作文) 实际上,失败并非那么可怕。 [即时演练] 完成句子 1.总而言之,乡村生活比城市生活对健康更有利。 In a word, country_life_is_more_beneficial to health
6、than city life. 2.全世界的环境问题正变得越来越严重。 Environmental problems are_becoming_more_and_more_serious all over the world. 四、主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语 该句型中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语;一个是表示物的直接宾语。一般间接宾语在前面,直接宾语在后面。 We should give them enough respect.(2013·广东高考满分作文) 我们应该给予他们足够的尊重。 At the same time,
7、parents are giving their children too much protection.(2013·福建高考满分作文) 同时,父母给孩子的保护太多了。 [即时演练] 完成句子 1.格林先生将就如何学好英语给我们作一场报告。 Mr._Green_will_give_us_a_speech on how to learn English well. 2.幸运的是, 她答应了我一个重新面试的机会。 Fortunately, she_promised_me_another_chance to interview. 五、主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语 该
8、句型中的动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语,才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的,直接跟在宾语之后。 I will keep traffic rules in mind all the way.(2013·安徽高考书面表达) 我会一直牢记交通规则。 Obviously, a good learning habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.(2013·四川高考满分作文) 显而易见,一个好的学习习惯能帮助我们尽快达到我们的目标。 [即时演练]
9、完成句子 1.作为一名中学生,我认为英语是一门非常重要的科目。 As a high school student, I_consider_English_a_very_important_subject. 2.从古代起,人们就把早起视为好习惯。 People_have_regarded_getting_up_early_as_a_good_habit since ancient times. [综合演练提升] Ⅰ.判断下列句子所属的类型 1.In other words, we are the master of our own future.
10、 答案:主语+系动词+表语 2.This morning our teacher told us something about the Hope Project in class. 答案:主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语 3.A blind man was walking slowly and carefully with a
11、 stick in his hand. 答案:主语+谓语(不及物动词) 4.Should we sacrifice our children's future for our own interests? 答案:主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 5.Friends made my life full of excitement, imagination and romance.
12、 答案:主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语 Ⅱ.按要求完成句子 1.这种布料摸起来很软。(主语+系动词+表语) This kind of cloth ____________. 答案:feels soft 2.我们尚未决定什么时候再讨论这个问题。(主语+谓语+宾语) We haven't decided ____________________________. 答案:when to discuss the problem again 3.奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。(主语+谓语+间接宾语
13、+直接宾语) Granny told ________________________ last night. 答案:me a very interesting story 4.每天早上我们都能听到他大声朗读英语。(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语) Every morning we hear him ____________________. 答案:read English aloud 5.早睡早起是个好习惯。(主语+系动词+表语,动名词作主语) ____________________________________ is a good habit. 答案:Going to b
14、ed early and getting up early 6.最近10年我的家乡发生了巨大变化。(主语+谓语) ________________________________ in my hometown in the past ten years. 答案:Great changes have taken place 7.你会发现英语是通往如此丰富知识的桥梁。(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语) You will find ________________ to so much knowledge. 答案:English a bridge 8.我真的很感谢你过来帮我补习数学。(主
15、语+谓语+宾语,动名词复合结构作宾语) I really ________________________ to help me with my math. 答案:appreciate your coming over Ⅲ.(Ⅰ)用简单句翻译下列各句,并标出所属的基本句式 1.这是我的妈妈。 2.她是一个普通的家庭妇女。
16、 3.刚才她坐在这里。 4.她在看电视。 5.我感到意外。 6.她在哭泣(weep)。
17、 7.什么事可使她高兴? 8.我给她讲了一个滑稽可笑的故事。 9.她情不自禁地笑了起来。
18、 (Ⅱ)添加细节和关联词用5个简单句合并短文
19、 答案:(Ⅰ)1.This is my mother.(主语+系动词+表语) 2.She is an ordinar
20、y housewife.(主语+系动词+表语) 3.Just now she was sitting here.(主语+谓语) 4.She is watching TV.(主语+谓语+宾语) 5.I felt surprised.(主语+系动词+表语) 6.She was weeping.(主语+谓语) 7.What could make her happy?(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语) 8.I told her a very funny story.(主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语) 9.She couldn't help laughing.(主语+谓语+宾语) (Ⅱ)This is my mother, an ordinary housewife. Just now she was sitting here, watching TV. Much to my surprise, she was weeping. In order to make her happy, I told her a very funny story. Sure enough, she couldn't help laughing.






