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第二周 掌握五种基本句式
句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子,但英语中最基本的句式只有五种,其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式转换而来。五种基本句式如下:
一、主语+谓语(不及物动词)
该句式常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点为:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思,这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
Immediately, a crowd gathered around us.(2013·浙江高考书面表达)
一群人马上围拢在我们的身旁。
Bathed in the sunshine, we jumped and cheered with joy.(2013·江西高考书面表达)
沐浴在阳光中,我们高兴得欢呼雀跃。
[即时演练] 完成句子
1.为了身体健康,我们应该定期锻炼。
In order to keep fit, we_should_exercise_regularly.
2.这里高楼林立、绿树成荫。
Here many_high_buildings_have_appeared with green trees growing quickly.
二、主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
该句式特点为:谓语动词均为实义动词,都是主语发出的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语(宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式等来充当),即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。
Then I wiped the dust off all the furniture.(2013·陕西高考书面表达)
然后我扫去所有家具上的灰尘。
On the other hand, a lot of factories can't employ enough workers.(2013·广东高考读写任务)
另一方面,很多工厂却雇佣不到足够的工人。
[名师指津] 该句式的谓语动词要用及物动词。如果是不及物动词,后面一定要跟介词构成及物词组。
In China, these knots stand for friendship, love and good luck. (2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
在中国,这些中国结代表友谊、爱和好运。
[即时演练] 完成句子
1.最近几年,我们已经互相培养了良好的友谊。
Over the years, we_have_developed_a_good_friendship with each other.
2.当今,许多大城市的人们在抱怨交通拥堵。
Nowadays, people in many big cities are_complaining_about_the_heavy_traffic.
三、主语+系动词+表语
该句式就是常说的主系表结构。此句型侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样,谓语动词需用系动词(主要是be动词),表语多为形容词,也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式及分词等。
Such a situation is of great concern.(2013·福建高考书面表达)
这样的情况引起了极大的关注。
As a matter of fact, failure isn't so terrible.(2013·湖南高考满分作文)
实际上,失败并非那么可怕。
[即时演练] 完成句子
1.总而言之,乡村生活比城市生活对健康更有利。
In a word, country_life_is_more_beneficial to health than city life.
2.全世界的环境问题正变得越来越严重。
Environmental problems are_becoming_more_and_more_serious all over the world.
四、主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语
该句型中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语;一个是表示物的直接宾语。一般间接宾语在前面,直接宾语在后面。
We should give them enough respect.(2013·广东高考满分作文)
我们应该给予他们足够的尊重。
At the same time, parents are giving their children too much protection.(2013·福建高考满分作文)
同时,父母给孩子的保护太多了。
[即时演练] 完成句子
1.格林先生将就如何学好英语给我们作一场报告。
Mr._Green_will_give_us_a_speech on how to learn English well.
2.幸运的是, 她答应了我一个重新面试的机会。
Fortunately, she_promised_me_another_chance to interview.
五、主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语
该句型中的动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语,才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的,直接跟在宾语之后。
I will keep traffic rules in mind all the way.(2013·安徽高考书面表达)
我会一直牢记交通规则。
Obviously, a good learning habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.(2013·四川高考满分作文)
显而易见,一个好的学习习惯能帮助我们尽快达到我们的目标。
[即时演练] 完成句子
1.作为一名中学生,我认为英语是一门非常重要的科目。
As a high school student, I_consider_English_a_very_important_subject.
2.从古代起,人们就把早起视为好习惯。
People_have_regarded_getting_up_early_as_a_good_habit since ancient times.
[综合演练提升]
Ⅰ.判断下列句子所属的类型
1.In other words, we are the master of our own future.
答案:主语+系动词+表语
2.This morning our teacher told us something about the Hope Project in class.
答案:主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语
3.A blind man was walking slowly and carefully with a stick in his hand.
答案:主语+谓语(不及物动词)
4.Should we sacrifice our children's future for our own interests?
答案:主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
5.Friends made my life full of excitement, imagination and romance.
答案:主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语
Ⅱ.按要求完成句子
1.这种布料摸起来很软。(主语+系动词+表语)
This kind of cloth ____________.
答案:feels soft
2.我们尚未决定什么时候再讨论这个问题。(主语+谓语+宾语)
We haven't decided ____________________________.
答案:when to discuss the problem again
3.奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。(主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语)
Granny told ________________________ last night.
答案:me a very interesting story
4.每天早上我们都能听到他大声朗读英语。(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语)
Every morning we hear him ____________________.
答案:read English aloud
5.早睡早起是个好习惯。(主语+系动词+表语,动名词作主语)
____________________________________ is a good habit.
答案:Going to bed early and getting up early
6.最近10年我的家乡发生了巨大变化。(主语+谓语)
________________________________ in my hometown in the past ten years.
答案:Great changes have taken place
7.你会发现英语是通往如此丰富知识的桥梁。(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语)
You will find ________________ to so much knowledge.
答案:English a bridge
8.我真的很感谢你过来帮我补习数学。(主语+谓语+宾语,动名词复合结构作宾语)
I really ________________________ to help me with my math.
答案:appreciate your coming over
Ⅲ.(Ⅰ)用简单句翻译下列各句,并标出所属的基本句式
1.这是我的妈妈。
2.她是一个普通的家庭妇女。
3.刚才她坐在这里。
4.她在看电视。
5.我感到意外。
6.她在哭泣(weep)。
7.什么事可使她高兴?
8.我给她讲了一个滑稽可笑的故事。
9.她情不自禁地笑了起来。
(Ⅱ)添加细节和关联词用5个简单句合并短文
答案:(Ⅰ)1.This is my mother.(主语+系动词+表语)
2.She is an ordinary housewife.(主语+系动词+表语)
3.Just now she was sitting here.(主语+谓语)
4.She is watching TV.(主语+谓语+宾语)
5.I felt surprised.(主语+系动词+表语)
6.She was weeping.(主语+谓语)
7.What could make her happy?(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语)
8.I told her a very funny story.(主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语)
9.She couldn't help laughing.(主语+谓语+宾语)
(Ⅱ)This is my mother, an ordinary housewife. Just now she was sitting here, watching TV. Much to my surprise, she was weeping. In order to make her happy, I told her a very funny story. Sure enough, she couldn't help laughing.
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