第六周+动词和动词短语（语法要点精析+高频考点领悟+专题过关检测）.doc

第六周　动词和动词短语

一、动词词义辨析
①I read about it on a website and the symptoms fitted, so I knew that's what I had.(2013·湖北高考阅读D)
我在一家网站了解过，症状正好符合，因此我知道我得了什么(病)。
②The watch was very good, and he paid 20 percent down for it.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)
那块表很不错，他以20%的折扣价买下了它。
③According to scientists, our mental abilities begin to decline from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.(2012·浙江高考)
根据科学家的研究，我们的智力在22岁达到最高水平后从27岁开始下降。
④—Are you still mad at her?
—Not really, but I can't deny that her remarks hurt me.(2011·江苏高考)
——你还在生她的气吗？
——不那么生气了，不过，我不能否认她的话伤害了我。
⑤What kind of dentist would be so eager to treat someone at such short notice？(2013·重庆高考阅读A)
什么样的牙医会这么热切地接受我临时通知的治疗呢？

动词词义辨析一直都是高考考查的重点，这类题绝大多数情况下所给的四个选项的含义各不相同，没有关联性，此时考查的是对题干和语境的理解。偶尔也考查近义词的辨析。近三年考查到的还有：
①sacrifice (牺牲); substitute (代替); simplify (简化); survive
②conclude; lead; avoid (避免); hold
③persuade(说服); promise; invite; support
④open; narrow; widen; leave
⑤make; turn; take; have
⑥sponsor (赞助); launch (发射); organize; plan
⑦tell; remind (提醒); warn; advise
二、易混动词的辨析
1．词形相近的动词之间辨义。如lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, arise, raise; sit, seat等。
(1)rise, arise和raise
rise“升起”，是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen; arise“(问题等)出现是不及物动词，其过去式与过去分词是arose, arisen; raise“举起”，是及物动词，是规则动词。
Those who want to say anything more raise your hand and then rise to speak.(2014·江西高三上学期七校联考)
想多发言的人举手，然后站起来发言。
(2)sit与seat
sit表示“坐”这一动作；seat表示“就座”时要用be seated或seat oneself。
2．意义相近的动词之间辨义。如borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish等。
If you are in trouble, Mike is always willing to lend a hand.(2013·天津高考)
如果你处于困境中，迈克总是乐于帮忙。
三、动词短语辨析
短语动词是由动词与介词、名词或副词结合在一起而组成的。有些短语动词相当于及物动词，有些则相当于不及物动词。
1．动词＋副词
break down　　　　　　　　 坏掉；分解；垮下来
break up 打碎；分解；分手
bring down 使降低，使下降
come out 出现，出版，结果是
cut down 砍倒；削减
get over 克服
make out 辨认出
put away 收起；储存
set aside 拔出；置于一旁
set off 出发，引爆
take off 起飞，腾飞；脱掉
take over 接管
turn out 结果是，证明是
turn down 拒绝，把音量开小
work out 解出，进展顺利，锻炼身体
figure out 弄清，搞明白
Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their life journey.(2013·安徽高考)
传统上，大学生在开始他们的人生旅途之前会举行毕业典礼来鼓励自己。
Old­fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters.(2013·福建高考)
无线网络在灾难中瘫痪的时候，老式电话起到重要作用。
[点津]　“动词＋副词”搭配构成的短语，其宾语若为代词，应放在动词与副词中间。如put it on, think it over。
2．动词＋介词
break into 破门而入
believe in 信任
begin with 以……开始
come across 偶然碰到
depend on 依靠
go through 从……穿过
see to 处理
come to 共计
look into 调查
set about 着手做
bring about 引起，导致
agree with 同意，适合
I'm so glad you've come here to see to this matter in person.(2012·湖北高考)
我很高兴你亲自来这里处理此事。
You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must agree with you, I suppose.(2010·陕西高考)
你气色很好，我想三亚的空气和海鲜肯定适合你。
3．动词＋副词＋介词
add up to 加起来；总共
break away from 躲开；脱离
catch up with 赶上；超过
do away with 废除
go in for 从事；参加
put up with 忍受，容忍
get along with 与……相处；进展
get on with 与……相处；进展
keep out of 使……不进入
look forward to 盼望
live up to 达到；不辜负
get down to 着手做
come up with 想出，提出
look up to 尊敬
get across to 使明白，使清楚
He will have to find some other work, for he can't put up with this loud noise any more.(2014·陕西宝鸡模拟)
他必须找其他工作，因为他再也无法忍受这么大的噪音。
A good speaker is supposed to manage to get across to the listeners what he means.(2014·天津十二县区联考)
一个好的演讲者应该让听众明白他所表达的含义。
4．动词＋名词＋介词
catch sight of 突然发现
make use of 利用
pay attention to 注意
make sense of 理解
take notice of 注意到
take the place of 代替
take part in 参加
take pride in 为……自豪
make sense of 理解
take advantage of 利用
make room for 为……腾出空间
keep up with 与……保持联系
James took the magazines off the little table to make room for the television.(2010·天津高考)
为给电视机腾出空间，吉姆把杂志从这张小桌子上拿走了。

考点一 动词词义辨析
1．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Try not to cough more than you can ________ since it may cause problems to your lungs.
A．check B．allow
C．stop D．help
解析：选D　句意：尽量不要过多咳嗽，因为咳嗽过多可能引发你的肺部问题。not more than one can help意为“能少尽量少”，符合句意。
2．(2013·湖北高考)While intelligent people can often ______ the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple.
A．sacrifice B．substitute
C．simplify D．survive
解析：选C　句意：聪明的人常常能把复杂的事情简单化，而愚蠢的人更可能把简单的问题复杂化。根据句意可知，这里用simplify与后面的the simple对应，the complex与后面的complicate呼应。sacrifice“牺牲”；substitute“代替”；survive“幸存”。
3．(2013·湖北高考)According to the law, all foreigners have to ________ with the local police within two weeks of arrival.
A．associate B．dispute
C．negotiate D．register
解析：选D　句意：按照该法律，所有的外国人在到来的两周内必须在当地警方登记。这里说的是在警方登记，故用register，表示“登记，注册”。associate“使联合，联想”；dispute“争论”；negotiate“协商，谈判”。
4．(2013·福建高考)Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which ________ spending quite a lot of time with students.
A．enjoys B．involves
C．practices D．suggests
解析：选B　句意：米歇尔找到了一份高中教师的工作，这份工作)需要和学生待在一起的时间比较长。involve“包含，需要”，符合句意。enjoy“喜欢”；practice“练习”；suggest“建议”。
5．(2013·浙江高考)A good listener takes part in the conversation, ________ ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.
A．realizing B．copying
C．offering D．misunderstanding
解析：选C　句意：善于倾听的人在谈话的时候，往往会提出想法和问题，从而使得谈话能流畅地进行下去。offer“提供，主动提出”，符合句意。realize“意识到”；copy“复制”；misunderstand“误解”。

考点二 动词短语辨析
6．(2013·天津高考)I had hoped to take a holiday this year but I wasn't able to ________.
A．get away B．drop in
C．check out D．hold on
解析：选A　句意：我本希望今年度个假，但是我总是抽不开身。get away“(得以)离开，脱身”；drop in“顺便访问”；check out“经检查得到证实，获得证明”；hold on“坚持住，别挂断”。根据句意可知应选A。
7．(2013·江西高考)Mother always complains that children ________ their shoes very quickly.
A．find out B．wash out
C．wear out D．set out
解析：选C　句意：母亲总是抱怨孩子们的鞋很快就穿破了。wear out“用坏，(使)磨损”，符合语境。find out“查明”；wash out“把……洗掉”；set out“启程，动身”。
8．(2013·湖北高考)Butterflies ____ a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect.
A．carry on B．feed on
C．put on D．focus on
解析：选B　句意：蝴蝶以花产生的一种甜甜的液体为食，蜜蜂和别的昆虫则采集这种液体。carry on“继续”；feed on“以……为食物”；put on“上演，穿上”；focus on“集中(注意力、精力等于……上)”。根据句意可知应选B。

1．(2014·南平质检)—Does he work hard at his lessons?
—Yes, he ________ no effort, as far as I know.
A．wastes　　　　　　　　　　 B．shares
C．spares D．makes
解析：选C　句意：“他学习努力吗？”“是的，据我所知，他不遗余力地学习。”固定短语spare no effort(to do sth.)“不遗余力(做某事)”。
2．(2014·合肥一中模考)Most restaurants and cafes have ________ small no­smoking areas but won't enforce the law.
A．set aside B．set out
C．set down D．set off
解析：选A　句意：大多数餐厅和咖啡馆没有执行法律而是留出了小的无烟区。set aside“留出”，符合句意。set out“动身”；set down“记下，登记”；set off“出发，动身”。
3．(2014·徐州一检)The situation in the country is ________， yet we are still concerned about its future.
A．coming up B．drying up
C．breaking up D．picking up
解析：选D　句意这个国家的局势有所好转，然而我们仍然担心它的未来。come up“上升”；dry up“干涸”；break up“打碎，分裂”；pick up“好转，恢复”。根据句意可知，D项正确。
4．(2014·东北三省四市联考一)His confident words have ________ our doubts about how the plan will be carried out.
A．brought in B．taken up
C．cut in D．cleared up
解析：选D　句意：他自信的言语消除了我们对如何实施这个计划的疑虑。clear up“清除，解释，澄清天气)转晴”，符合句意。bring in“引进，生产，增加”；take up“拿起，开始从事(新工作等)，占据(时间，地方)”；cut in“插话，(突然)强行超车”。
5．(2014·常州高三检测)Look before you leap! Why not ________ the advantages against the risks before you start?
A．weigh B．match
C．defend D．fight
解析：选A　句意：三思而后行！为何不在开始之前权衡一下利弊呢？weigh在此处意为“权衡，认真考虑”。
6．(2014·皖南八校联考)I've visited a lot of different places and stayed in lots of different hotels, but none of them ________ this one.
A．makes B．beats
C．compares D．matches
解析：选D　句意：我参观过许多不同的地方，住过很多旅馆，但没有一个能比得上这家。match“与……相媲美”，符合句意。
7．Our school has ________ a very good reputation depending on the affection atmosphere and advanced teaching approaches during the past 60 years.
A．picked out B．looked into
C．worked out D．built up
解析：选D　句意：在过去的60年里，我们学校靠浓厚的关爱气氛和先进的教育方法赢得了极高的声誉。pick out“挑选出”；look into“往里看，调查”；work out“计算出来，起作用”；build up“逐步积累，逐步建立”。故答案为D。
8．Mandela, described by his own people as a great leader with a fine strategic mind________ on December 5, 2013 at the age of 95, leaving the world.
A．passed on B．passed down
C．passed by D．passed away
解析：选D　由leaving the world可知，D项符合句意，pass away“去世”。pass on“传递，传给”；pass down“(世代)相传，传下来”；pass by“过去，逝去”。
9．(2014·苏州实验中学月考)It is reported that a similar technique can be ________ to the treatment of cancer.
A．applied B．attached
C．added D．compared
解析：选A　句意：据报道一项类似的技术能被应用到癌症的治疗中。apply“应用，适用”，符合句意。attach“附加，使依附”；add“加，增加”；compare“比较，对照”。
10．(2014·陕西五校模拟)When I was chatting with her on the mobile phone, the battery ________ dead suddenly.
A．went B．came
C．remained D．changed
解析：选A　句意：我正和她用手机聊天的时候，突然电池没电了。系表结构“go＋形容词”多表示“(从好的状态)变坏”。