第六周+动词和动词短语（语法要点精析+高频考点领悟+专题过关检测）.doc

第六周动词和动词短语一、动词词义辨析I read about it on a website and the symptoms fitted, so I knew thats what I had.(2013湖北高考阅读D)我在一家网站了解过，症状正好符合，因此我知道我得了什么(病)。The watch was very good, and he paid 20 percent down for it.(2013新课标全国卷)那块表很不错，他以20%的折扣价买下了它。According to scientists, our mental abilities begin to decline from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.(2012浙江高考)根据科学家的研究，我们的智力在22岁达到最高水平后从27岁开始下降。Are you still mad at her?Not really, but I cant deny that her remarks hurt me.(2011江苏高考)你还在生她的气吗？不那么生气了，不过，我不能否认她的话伤害了我。What kind of dentist would be so eager to treat someone at such short notice？(2013重庆高考阅读A)什么样的牙医会这么热切地接受我临时通知的治疗呢？动词词义辨析一直都是高考考查的重点，这类题绝大多数情况下所给的四个选项的含义各不相同，没有关联性，此时考查的是对题干和语境的理解。偶尔也考查近义词的辨析。近三年考查到的还有：sacrifice (牺牲); substitute (代替); simplify (简化); surviveconclude; lead; avoid (避免); holdpersuade(说服); promise; invite; supportopen; narrow; widen; leavemake; turn; take; havesponsor (赞助); launch (发射); organize; plantell; remind (提醒); warn; advise二、易混动词的辨析1词形相近的动词之间辨义。如lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, arise, raise; sit, seat等。(1)rise, arise和raiserise“升起”，是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen; arise“(问题等)出现”，是不及物动词，其过去式与过去分词是arose, arisen; raise“举起”，是及物动词，是规则动词。Those who want to say anything more raise your hand and then rise to speak.(2014江西高三上学期七校联考)想多发言的人举手，然后站起来发言。(2)sit与seatsit表示“坐”这一动作；seat表示“就座”时要用be seated或seat oneself。2意义相近的动词之间辨义。如borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish等。If you are in trouble, Mike is always willing to lend a hand.(2013天津高考)如果你处于困境中，迈克总是乐于帮忙。三、动词短语辨析短语动词是由动词与介词、名词或副词结合在一起而组成的。有些短语动词相当于及物动词，有些则相当于不及物动词。1动词副词break down坏掉；分解；垮下来break up 打碎；分解；分手bring down 使降低，使下降come out 出现，出版，结果是cut down 砍倒；削减get over 克服make out 辨认出put away 收起；储存set aside 拔出；置于一旁set off 出发，引爆take off 起飞，腾飞；脱掉take over 接管turn out 结果是，证明是turn down 拒绝，把音量开小work out 解出，进展顺利，锻炼身体figure out 弄清，搞明白Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their life journey.(2013安徽高考)传统上，大学生在开始他们的人生旅途之前会举行毕业典礼来鼓励自己。 Oldfashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters.(2013福建高考)无线网络在灾难中瘫痪的时候，老式电话起到重要作用。点津“动词副词”搭配构成的短语，其宾语若为代词，应放在动词与副词中间。如put it on, think it over。2动词介词break into 破门而入believe in 信任begin with 以开始come across 偶然碰到depend on 依靠go through 从穿过see to 处理come to 共计look into 调查set about 着手做bring about 引起，导致agree with 同意，适合Im so glad youve come here to see to this matter in person.(2012湖北高考)我很高兴你亲自来这里处理此事。You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must agree with you, I suppose.(2010陕西高考)你气色很好，我想三亚的空气和海鲜肯定适合你。3动词副词介词add up to 加起来；总共break away from 躲开；脱离catch up with 赶上；超过do away with 废除go in for 从事；参加put up with 忍受，容忍get along with 与相处；进展get on with 与相处；进展keep out of 使不进入look forward to 盼望live up to 达到；不辜负get down to 着手做come up with 想出，提出look up to 尊敬get across to 使明白，使清楚He will have to find some other work, for he cant put up with this loud noise any more.(2014陕西宝鸡模拟)他必须找其他工作，因为他再也无法忍受这么大的噪音。A good speaker is supposed to manage to get across to the listeners what he means.(2014天津十二县区联考)一个好的演讲者应该让听众明白他所表达的含义。4动词名词介词catch sight of 突然发现make use of 利用pay attention to 注意make sense of 理解take notice of 注意到take the place of 代替take part in 参加take pride in 为自豪make sense of 理解take advantage of 利用make room for 为腾出空间keep up with 与保持联系James took the magazines off the little table to make room for the television.(2010天津高考)为给电视机腾出空间，吉姆把杂志从这张小桌子上拿走了。考点一 动词词义辨析1(2013新课标全国卷)Try not to cough more than you can _ since it may cause problems to your lungs.Acheck BallowCstop Dhelp解析：选D句意：尽量不要过多咳嗽，因为咳嗽过多可能引发你的肺部问题。not more than one can help意为“能少尽量少”，符合句意。2(2013湖北高考)While intelligent people can often _ the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple.Asacrifice BsubstituteCsimplify Dsurvive解析：选C句意：聪明的人常常能把复杂的事情简单化，而愚蠢的人更可能把简单的问题复杂化。根据句意可知，这里用simplify与后面的the simple对应，the complex与后面的complicate呼应。sacrifice“牺牲”；substitute“代替”；survive“幸存”。3(2013湖北高考)According to the law, all foreigners have to _ with the local police within two weeks of arrival.Aassociate BdisputeCnegotiate Dregister解析：选D句意：按照该法律，所有的外国人在到来的两周内必须在当地警方登记。这里说的是在警方登记，故用register，表示“登记，注册”。associate“使联合，联想”；dispute“争论”；negotiate“协商，谈判”。4(2013福建高考)Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which _ spending quite a lot of time with students.Aenjoys BinvolvesCpractices Dsuggests解析：选B句意：米歇尔找到了一份高中教师的工作，(这份工作)需要和学生待在一起的时间比较长。involve“包含，需要”，符合句意。enjoy“喜欢”；practice“练习”；suggest“建议”。5(2013浙江高考)A good listener takes part in the conversation, _ ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.Arealizing BcopyingCoffering Dmisunderstanding解析：选C句意：善于倾听的人在谈话的时候，往往会提出想法和问题，从而使得谈话能流畅地进行下去。offer“提供，主动提出”，符合句意。realize“意识到”；copy“复制”；misunderstand“误解”。考点二 动词短语辨析6(2013天津高考)I had hoped to take a holiday this year but I wasnt able to _.Aget away Bdrop inCcheck out Dhold on解析：选A句意：我本希望今年度个假，但是我总是抽不开身。get away“(得以)离开，脱身”；drop in“顺便访问”；check out“经检查得到证实，获得证明”；hold on“坚持住，别挂断”。根据句意可知应选A。7(2013江西高考)Mother always complains that children _ their shoes very quickly.Afind out Bwash outCwear out Dset out解析：选C句意：母亲总是抱怨孩子们的鞋很快就穿破了。wear out“用坏，(使)磨损”，符合语境。find out“查明”；wash out“把洗掉”；set out“启程，动身”。8(2013湖北高考)Butterflies _ a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect.Acarry on Bfeed onCput on Dfocus on解析：选B句意：蝴蝶以花产生的一种甜甜的液体为食，蜜蜂和别的昆虫则采集这种液体。carry on“继续”；feed on“以为食物”；put on“上演，穿上”；focus on“集中(注意力、精力等于上)”。根据句意可知应选B。1(2014南平质检)Does he work hard at his lessons?Yes, he _ no effort, as far as I know.AwastesBsharesCspares Dmakes解析：选C句意：“他学习努力吗？”“是的，据我所知，他不遗余力地学习。”固定短语spare no effort(to do sth.)“不遗余力(做某事)”。2(2014合肥一中模考)Most restaurants and cafes have _ small nosmoking areas but wont enforce the law.Aset aside Bset outCset down Dset off解析：选A句意：大多数餐厅和咖啡馆没有执行法律而是留出了小的无烟区。set aside“留出”，符合句意。set out“动身”；set down“记下，登记”；set off“出发，动身”。3(2014徐州一检)The situation in the country is _， yet we are still concerned about its future.Acoming up Bdrying upCbreaking up Dpicking up解析：选D句意：这个国家的局势有所好转，然而我们仍然担心它的未来。come up“上升”；dry up“干涸”；break up“打碎，分裂”；pick up“好转，恢复”。根据句意可知，D项正确。4(2014东北三省四市联考一)His confident words have _ our doubts about how the plan will be carried out.Abrought in Btaken upCcut in Dcleared up解析：选D句意：他自信的言语消除了我们对如何实施这个计划的疑虑。clear up“清除，解释，澄清，(天气)转晴”，符合句意。bring in“引进，生产，增加”；take up“拿起，开始从事(新工作等)，占据(时间，地方)”；cut in“插话，(突然)强行超车”。5(2014常州高三检测)Look before you leap! Why not _ the advantages against the risks before you start?Aweigh BmatchCdefend Dfight解析：选A句意：三思而后行！为何不在开始之前权衡一下利弊呢？weigh在此处意为“权衡，认真考虑”。6(2014皖南八校联考)Ive visited a lot of different places and stayed in lots of different hotels, but none of them _ this one.Amakes BbeatsCcompares Dmatches解析：选D句意：我参观过许多不同的地方，住过很多旅馆，但没有一个能比得上这家。match“与相媲美”，符合句意。7Our school has _ a very good reputation depending on the affection atmosphere and advanced teaching approaches during the past 60 years.Apicked out Blooked intoCworked out Dbuilt up解析：选D句意：在过去的60年里，我们学校靠浓厚的关爱气氛和先进的教育方法赢得了极高的声誉。pick out“挑选出”；look into“往里看，调查”；work out“计算出来，起作用”；build up“逐步积累，逐步建立”。故答案为D。8Mandela, described by his own people as a great leader with a fine strategic mind_ on December 5, 2013 at the age of 95, leaving the world.Apassed on Bpassed downCpassed by Dpassed away解析：选D由leaving the world可知，D项符合句意，pass away“去世”。pass on“传递，传给”；pass down“(世代)相传，传下来”；pass by“过去，逝去”。9(2014苏州实验中学月考)It is reported that a similar technique can be _ to the treatment of cancer.Aapplied BattachedCadded Dcompared解析：选A句意：据报道一项类似的技术能被应用到癌症的治疗中。apply“应用，适用”，符合句意。attach“附加，使依附”；add“加，增加”；compare“比较，对照”。10(2014陕西五校模拟)When I was chatting with her on the mobile phone, the battery _ dead suddenly.Awent BcameCremained Dchanged解析：选A句意：我正和她用手机聊天的时候，突然电池没电了。系表结构“go形容词”多表示“(从好的状态)变坏”。