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1、 构词法 前缀：通常改变词义 后缀：通常改变词性 a- : amoral 不道德的 apathy 无情 dis: dishonest, disappear, disloyal, disorder in/ir/ il/im: incorrect injustice impossible illegal irregular non: non-scientist non-smoker non-stop un: unhappy, unreal, unofficial, unfair 3）贬义前缀 mal-, mis-, pseudo-(伪…,假…)
2、 maltreat，malfunction 机能失常，malnutrition mislead, misinform, misfortune pseudoscientific, pseudo-realism well: well-known, well-informed 5) 表示态度或倾向的前缀 anti-(反对，防止)：antiwar, antiaircraft防空袭的 contra-(反对，相反)：contradict, contra-dance counter-(反对，相反)：counteraction反作用 pro-(亲，赞成)：pro-American, pro-s
3、lavery 6) 表示时间或顺序 ex-表示前任的，从前的：ex-wife, ex-president fore-前，先：forefather, forethought深谋远虑 post-后的：post-war, postgraduate pre-前的：pre-war, premature re-再：remarriage, reconsider 7) 表示地点的前缀 extra-以外的：extra-official, extralegal fore-在前边: forehead, forefather, foretell inter-在…之间: international,
4、 interschool tele-远距离的: telecommunication, telescope trans-穿越:transplant in-内,里: inside, inland, invade super-在…之上: superstructure上层建筑 8) 表数字的前缀 uni-（统一的）：uniform, unisex(男女皆宜的) mono-(单一): monologue, monoxide一氧化碳 bi-(二个): bicycle, bi-lingual di-(双倍的，两重的): dialogue, dioxide二氧化碳 multi-(多的)：m
5、ultimedia semi-（半的） semiautomatic半自动的 hemi-(半的):hemisphere半球 tri-(三个)：triangle, tricolor三色旗 centi-(百分之一)：centimeter厘米，centigram厘克 有些前缀可改变词性 a-, be-, en/em- asleep, awake befriend, beloved enforce, enable, endanger, encourage, enrich, enlarge 常用后缀 1. 1.指人的后缀 - eer: engineer, pioneer, vo
6、lunteer -er/or: singer, teacher, visitor, actor -ess: actress, hostess -ster: youngster, gangster -an, ian, ese国家的人：Australian, American -ant, ent: assistant, applicant, dependant -ician: electrician, technician -ist: scientist, communist, typist, chemist -ism: socialism, realism 2. 名词的后缀
7、 -age, -al, -ion/-sion/-ation/-tion, -dom, -hood, -ity, -ment, -ness, -ship, -th, -ty, -ure, -ics, -logy 3. 形容词的后缀 名词变形容词：-ed, -ful, -ish, -less, -like, -ly, -y, -c, -ous 动词变形容词： -able/ible: arguable, permissible -tive/sive: talkative, decisive 4. 副词的后缀 －ly, -ward/wards 5.
8、动词的后缀 -ate: attribute, calculate -en: blacken, redden, broaden, deepen -ify: beautify, certify, modify -ize/ise: analyze, modernize 名词 可数名词的复数形式： 1. 1.－s 2. 2.以s, x, ch, sh, +es 3. 3.以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i+es. 4. 4.o+es: heroes, potatoes, tomatoes, echoes a. 以两个元音结尾的，+s 例如：bamboo, zoo, radi
9、o, studio, shampoo b. 外来词+s：photo, piano, kilo, tobacco, memo, auto 5. 以f/fe结尾的，变f/fe为ve, +s leaf, wife, knife, half, thief, wolf, shelf, life 有的直接+s roof, cliff, proof, chief, gulf, belief 6. 不规则 man-men woman-women tooth-teeth foot-feet chi
10、ld-children goose-geese mouse-mice ox-oxen a. 外来词 （仍保持原有复数形式） phenomenon- phenomena criterion- criteria formula- formulae thesis- theses basis- bases analysis-analyses crisis- crises medium-media curriculum-curricula b. 单复同形
11、 Chinese, Japanese, aircraft, sheep, deer, swine猪，means, series, shark 7. 合成的名词，只将里面所含的主体名词变成复数 lookers-on, runners-up亚军，sons-in-law, grandchildren 如没有主体名词，在最后一词后+复数词尾 drawbacks缺陷 由man, woman构成的合成名词，里面所有的成份+复数 men-servants women doctors 8. 有些名词常以复数出现 a. scissors, trousers, pant
12、s, shorts, shoes, spectacles, glasses b. 以ing结尾的：belongings, surroundings, doings, savings, findings, earnings, stockings c. contents目录，arms武器, statistics统计资料， fireworks, thanks, clothes, valuables, headquarters d. 有些名词在词组 take pains to do, make preparations, make arrangements, give
13、regards to, be at odds with与…不和， give respects to , be in high spirits 9. 有些不可数名词，有时也可用复数。 experiences, failures, hopes and fears 10. 与数词连用的名词，复数仍保持单数形式。 two dozen eggs, two hundred people 11. 以-s结尾的学科、疾病，谓语动词用单数。 economics, electronics, mathematics, physics, politics, measles麻疹 12. 集体名词既可被视为单数，也可视为复数 My family is a big one. My family are interested in traveling. 部分内容来源于网络，有侵权请联系删除！
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