1、 258 none / nobody / no one . none 既可指人,也可指物,意为“没有人;没有东西”等,表三者或三者以上的人或物的全部否定。与all是反义词。后可接of 短语。作主语时,如果它指代的是可数名词,谓语动词用单数、复数形式都可以,用单数时强调个体,表“没有一个人”;用复数则强调整体,表“所有人都没有”。如果它指代的是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。常常用来回答how many & how much 以及有特定范围的问题。如: How many of the women are teachers? None (of them is / are). 这些女士中有多少是老师
2、? 一个也没有。 How much water is left in the bottle? Nove (of it is left). 瓶子里还剩多少水? 一点儿也没剩。 Which of the boys plays football well? None(of them does). 这些男孩中哪个足球踢得好? 一个也没有。 . nobody & no one 指代人,意为“没有人”。作主语时谓语动词有单数形式,后不能跟of 短语,常常用来回答who 和不确定的问题。如: Luckily, nobody / no one was gurt in this accident. 幸运的是,没
3、有人在这场事故中受伤。 Who went to the net bar this week? Nobody / No one. 这周谁去过网吧? 没有人。259 look/ seem . seem “看来、似乎”既可作连系动词,以可做不及物动词,后接:形容词、名词、介词短语或不定式。 如: Mother seemed to know that. 母亲好像知道那件事。 Bill doesnt seem to a understand. 比尔似乎不太理解。= Bill seems not to understand.(这更正式) . 常用搭配: It seems (that)好像、看来、似乎,如:
4、 1 It seems to me that her accident is all your fault! 在我看来她出事都是你的错。 2 But it seemed that it wasnt the only letter. 但是好像这不是唯一的一封信。 seem as if / though. “看起来像”如: 1 It seems as though Ken will win the rice.看来赛跑Ken好像要赢。 2 It seems (as if ) it is going to rain. 天好像要下雨了。 . look “看来、似乎”着重于由视觉得出的印象,seem 则暗
5、示有一定根据,这种判断往往接近事实。在搭配上两者都可接:形容词、名词(前常有形容词修饰)、动词不定式to be、过去分词 和 介词短语。如: He looks / seems a nice man.他看上去是个好人。 You look / seem tired. Lets have a rest. 看来你累了,我们休息一会儿。 The boy looked / seemed to be very ill. 那男孩看上去病得很重。 , 但在下面情况下,只能用seem, 不能用look: 1. 后面接动词不定式:to do 时。如: The captain seemed to know all h
6、is soldiers. 2. 用于It seems that 结构时。如: It seemed that he had missed the train.看来他没搭上火车。 3. 用于There seemed to (不定式) 结构时:如: There seemed to be hundreds of people on the playground. 运动场上好像有几百人。260 lose/ miss . lose “丢失、失去”语气较强,一般指失去后不易找回;而 miss 指人们觉察到东西已经“丢失”,含有可能找回的意思。miss 还有“想念”之意。而lose 则没有。如: My gra
7、ndfather lost a leg in in the war. 我爷爷在战争中失去了一条腿。 We shall all miss you when you go away. 你不在时,我们都会想念你的。 . 作定语和表语用时,lose 用过去分词 lost, 而mess用现在分词missing.如: Who has found my lost pen?谁找到了我丢失的钢笔? Missing book is found now. 丢失的书现在已经找到了。261meet / meet with . meet “遇见、遇到;接(人)”;“集会”;“满足(要求等)”。 I know his na
8、me, but Ive never met him. 我知道他的名字,但从未见过他。 The staff members will meet tomorrow to discuss the problem.员工们明天开会将讨论这一问题。 I will meet my wife at the airport. 我将去机场接我的妻子 This will meet your needs. 这将满足你的要求。 . meet with. “遇到;碰到”强调偶然性;还常表示“遭遇;经历;遭到”此时不能只用meet.如: I met with a childhood friend on the bus. 我
9、在汽车上遇到一个儿时的朋友。 They met with an accident on their way back. 他们在回去的路上遇到车祸。 I met with some difficulties when I tried to enter the country. 我在入境时遇到一些困难。262 many/ much/ a lot of/ lots of/ a good or great many/ many a / a number of/ a great or large number of/ a great deal of/ plenty of/ the number of .
10、 many “许多、大量”修饰可数名词复数。如: Many students think so. 很多学生都这样想。 . much 指量而言,与不可数名词连用。如: He mever eats much breakfast.他早餐从来吃得不多。 . the number of “的总数”number 指“数目、人数”是句中真正的主语。故动词须用单三式。如: The number of the students in our class is sixty-five. 其它的见下表: 词汇 后面可跟的词 作主语时 谓语动词的形式 many 复数可数名词 复数 much 不可数名词 单三式 复数可数
11、名词与不可数名词(一般用于肯定句中;否定句和疑问句多用many, much) 复数或 单三式 a many 复数可数名词 复数 many a 单数可数名词 单三式 复数可数名词 复数 a great deal of 复数可数名词 与不可数名词 复数或 单三式 plenty of 复数可数名词或不可数名词(一般用于肯定句中;否定句或疑问句多用enough, many much) 复数或 单三式263 may be/ maybe . may be “也许是”“可能是”may 是情态动词,与be一起作谓语。而maybe是副词,意为“也许”“可能”用作状语。如: Maybe you put it th
12、ere.也许你把它放在那里了。 But Im afraid I may be a little late. 但我担心我可能晚了一点。 Maybe hes wrong. = He may be wrong. 或许他错了。 Maybe the twin brothers are boating now. = The twin brothers may be boating now.现在那对双胞胎兄弟可能在划船。 Maybe /perhaps theyll go on a picnic next week. = They may go on a picnic next week. 他们下周可能要去野
13、餐。264 mend/ repair . mend “修理、修补”。普通用语。指对由于穿戴或使用等原因而破烂或破损的东西加以修补或修理。如: Theres a hole in your shirt. Better mend it right away. 你的衬衫上有一个洞,最好马上补一补。 The broken window requires to be mended. 这扇破窗户需要修理。 . repair “修理、修补”。常与mend换用。但当需要修理之物,由于使用或年代等原因已经损坏,修起来比较复杂时,多用repair. 如: They have repaired the car. 他们
14、已把汽车修好了。 It will take all the summer to repair the house. 需要整个夏天才能把房子修好。265 message/ news .这两个词都有“消息”之意,但词义范围有所不同。Message含义较广,可指书面、口头、无线电等多种渠道传来的信息,因而有“消息、口信、电报”等意思,为可数名词;news含义较窄,主要是通过报纸、电台、电视等新闻媒介向公众报道的最新消息,也可指原来未曾听到过而现在听到的消息,为不可数名词。如: Ill leave a message for her. 我将为她留个口信。 I havent had a message
15、from him for a month. 我一个月没有得到他的音讯了。 联想:和 news搭配的词组: latest news 最新消息。 stale news 过时新闻 current news 时事 highlighted news 重要新闻 inside news 内幕消息 grapevine news 小道消息 invested news 不实消息 distorted news 歪曲的新闻266 middle / center .middle指“中间”,表示时间和空间的“中间”,是相对而言的,也可指笼统的“中部”,如: We have lunch in the middle of t
16、he day. 另外middle还可表程度的“中等”如:the middle school . centre “中心”,通常用于空间方面,强调指正中心。它还可以用于借喻,表某一事物的中心。如: Dray a circle round a given centre. 就指定的中心画一圆圈。 e live in the centre of London. 我们住在伦敦中心。 Beijing is the political, economic and cultural centre of China. 北京是中国的政治、经济和文化中心。267 mist/ fog . mist “雾”指比fog 薄
17、的“薄雾”,形容词为:misty. 它还可指:“(眼睛)朦胧”等。如: The mountain top was covered with mist. 山顶笼罩着雾气。 She tried to see him through the mist of tears. 她试着透过朦胧的泪眼看他。 . fog 指较浓的“浓雾”,其形容词为:foggy.如: The fog was so thick that he had to drive very slowly. 雾太浓了, 他必须慢慢地开车。268 most /a most / the most . most adv. 前无冠词,一般表“很、十分
18、”如: Most likely it will rain. 很可能要下雨了。 he author is most serious in writing the essay. 作者写这篇文章的态度是很严肃的。 . a most 后接形容词,修饰单数可数名词,意思是“很,十分”如: That was a most enjoyable party. 那是一次非常快乐的晚会。 These children lead a most happy life. 这些孩子过着非常幸福的生活。 . the most 是much or many的最高级。意为“最”如: Thats the most beautifu
19、l place Ive ever been. 那是我到过的最美丽的地方。269 mouse / rat . mouse “老鼠、耗子”,比rat 小。如: I have set a trap for mouse. 我装置了一个捕鼠器捕鼠。 When the cats away, the mice will play. 谚:猫儿一跑耗子闹。 . rat “老鼠、耗子”,比mouse 大。如: A rat has fallen into the trap. 一只老鼠落到了捕鼠器里。 A rat crossing the street is chased by all. 老鼠过街,人人喊打。270
20、much too/ too much . much too 太、非常, 用作副词词组,修饰形容词或其它副词。如: Its much too cold today. 今天天气太冷。 The old man walked much too slowly. 这位老人走得太慢了。 . too much “太多”有三种用法: 1 用作名词词组。如: You gave me too much. 你给我的太多了。 2 用作形容词词组。修饰不可数名词。如: I dont like winter because theres too much snow and ice.我不喜欢冬天,因为雪和冰太多了。 3 用作
21、副词词组,修饰动词,如: Dont speak too much. 别讲得太多。 注:much too 与too much都可用作副词词组,但too much 不可以修饰形容词,much too 不可以修饰动词。271 must/ have to . must “必须”,往往着重于主观上认为有义务,有必要。 We must work hard. 我们必须努力工作。 must go. 我必须走。 . have to “必须”往往着重于客观的需要,含有“不得不”的意味。如: Do you have to see a doctor today? 你今天要去看医生吗 It was late and w
22、e have to stay at home. 时间已晚,我们只得呆在家里。272 neither/ either . neither “(两者)都不”,pron 如: Neither of the books is mine. 这两本书都不是我的。 注作连词用时,neither 与nor连用,表示“既不也不”如: The ground must be just right neither too wet nor too dry.地面务必适合既不太湿,也不太干。 . either “(两者中的)任何一个”pron. 如: There are two bikes in the room. You
23、 can ride eitheri of the two. 房里有两部自行车,你可以任骑一部。 注作连词用时,与or连用,表示“或者或者”、“不是就是”。如: They were either too big or too small. 它们不是太大,就是太小。 作副词用时,二者都有“也不”之意,但所使用的句型及在句中的位置不同。如: He doesnt like swimming, I dont like swimming, either. He doesnt like swimming. Neither do I . (用于倒装结构中)273 neither/ none . neither
24、 “两者都不”与both相对,其后的谓语动词用单三式。如: Neither of my parents is at home. 我父母亲(任何一个)都不在家。 . none “三者或三者以上都有不”,与all相对。如: None of the students are in the classroom. They have all gone to the playground. 所有的学生都不(一个也不)在教室里,他们都到操场上去了。 274 next / the next . next 用于将来时态中 . the next 用于过去时态中。有时也可用于将来时。如: Ill finish sc
25、hool next June. The next month Ill go on trip to my hometwon. 明年六月我要毕业了,第二个月(即七月)我就要回家乡。 She said in her letter that she would visit us the next week. 她在信中说她要在第二个星期拜访我们。275 no / not . no “不”既可作形容词,又可作副词。作形容词时用来否定名词、代词或动名词。作副词时,主要用于否定回答。 The poor boy had no money for books. 那个穷孩子没钱买书。 No smoking. 禁止吸
26、烟。 Isnt he a teacher? No, he isnt. . not “不”只用作副词。用来否定动词、不定式、形容词或副词。通常放在“三类词”(情态动词,助动词,系动词)之后,行为动词之前。否定不定式时,直接放在不定式的小品词to前。如: I have not been to Beijing. He doesnt like reading. no 和not 都可与形容词或副词的比较级连用,但句子的含义不同。如: I am no taller than he. 我不比他高。(两人都矮) I am not taller than he. 我不比他更高。(两人都高) no = not a
27、 或not any 如: She has no books = She doesnt have a book. = She does not have any books. no 表示它所修饰的名词的相反的意思。而not只能表示一般的否定。如: He is no teacher. 他根本(绝)不是老师。(不善于教书) He is not a teacher. 他不是老师。(可能是其它职业) He is no fool = He is clever. 他不笨(他是聪明的) He is not a fool. 他不是个傻子。276 no longer/ notany longer/ no more
28、 / not any more . no longer = not any longer, “不再”强调时间和动作不再持续,常与状态动词和延续性动词连用,如wait, stay, be等。 但no longer与no more 一样通常放在“三类词(情态动词、 助动词、连系动词)”之后。行为动词之前。而not any longer 与not any more 一样,其中的not与谓语动词构成否定式,常放在“三类词”之后。any longer,与any more 放在句末。如: Hes no longer living in this city. 他不住在这个城市了。 You are not a
29、 child any longer. 你已不再是个孩子了。 . no more = not any more “不再”强调数量、次数上不再增加和强调动作终止的结果,因此,常与名词、瞬间动词连用,如hear, see, leave等。如: Theres no more bread. 不再有面包了。 He didnt go there any more. 他再没去过那儿。277 no matter what/ whatever/ what ever .no matter what“不管什么,无论什么”用来引导让步状语从句。类似的词组还有:no matter where “不论哪里”, no mat
30、ter which “不论哪一个”,no matter how“不论怎样”如: They are going to win the football match, no matter how bad the weather is. 不管天气多么糟糕,他们会赢得这场足球比赛。 No matter who knocks, dont open the door. 不管谁敲门,都不要开门。 Give me a call first no matter when you come. 不管什么时候来,都请你先给我打个电话。 .whatever 是连接代词,可以作“无论什么”解,引导让步状语从句,可以这样用
31、的连接代词或连接副词有whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however等。如: Whatever you do, do your best. =No matter what you do, do your best. 无论你干什么,都要尽最大努力去干。 Whoever telephones, tell him I am out. = No matter who telephones, tell him I am out. 无论谁给我打电话,就说我出去了。 Wherever he may be, he will be happy. = No matt
32、er where he may be, he will be happy. 无论在什么地方,他都是乐呵呵的。 .whatever 还可以解作 “凡是的;所的东西”(anything that),用来引导一个名词性从句,这时不能用no matter what 替换。如: Take whatever you want. 你要什么就拿什么吧。 Whatever I have is yours. 我所有的东西全都是你的。 . what ever 中的ever意为“究竟;到底”,用在疑问词what后面,以加强语气,着重表示说话者的情绪,如惊讶、愤怒、兴奋等,what ever 在意义上等于what on
33、 earth 或what in the world, 其他疑问词也可以这样用。如: What ever do you think youre doing?你想想,你到底在干什么? Who ever left the door open?究竟是谁把门敞着不关? Where ever did you pick up the pen? 你到底在哪儿捡到的这支钢笔?278 not at all/ not at all . not at all 是客套话,意为“别客气”相当于 Thats all right; You are welcome. 如: -Thank you very much. CNot
34、at all. . notat all “根本不”;“一点也不”。at all 用以加强语气。如: She doesnt like it at all. 她根本不喜欢它。 He didnt come at all. 他根本没来。279 officer/ official . officer “官员”常指武官,有时也指文官。如: The officer put down his arms and jumped into the pond for the fish. 那军官放下武器,跳到池塘里捉鱼去了。 His father is a police officer. 他父亲是警官。 He is a
35、n administrative officer.他是行政官。 . official “官员”通常指政府的文职官员。如: An official is suspended from office. 有一位官员被停职。 They are government officials. 他们是政府官员。280 on time/ in time .in time “及时”,指的是不迟到或在提前的时间之前做某事,后面可接不定式或for短语。 .on time“准时”,指按规定的时间或指定的时间做某事,后面不可以跟不定式或for短语。如: Joe was just in time for the bus.
36、Joe正好赶上那班汽车。 They got there on time to see the exhibition. 他们准时到那儿,去看了那个展览。 281 one/ it . it 所指代的,与前面的名词是同一事物;它常替代限定词the, this, that 所修饰的单数名词,此外还可用来表示称赞或责备某人做了某事。如: Whose is the pen? Oh its mine. 这支笔是谁的?哦,是我的。 Its very kind of you to invite me to the party. 承蒙邀请,不胜感激。(代to invite) . one 所指代的是前面名词提到的同
37、类事物,但不是同一件,它具有泛指的性质;它只能代替可数名词,复数形式是ones 如: Have you got a pen? No, I havent. Please ask Tom, I think he has got one. 你有钢笔吗?不,我没有。你去找一下汤姆吧,我想他有一只。282 pardon/ sorry/ excuse/ .pardon主要用于没有听清别人的说的话,请别人重复。或宽恕严重的过失或冒犯。可作名词和动词。 sorry 用于因做错了事或伤害了他人而向某人道歉。是形容词 Excuse则用于打扰别人或防碍别人的场合。 Please pardon me for not
38、arriving sooner. 请原谅我没有及时赶到。 I did wrong and Im going to beg their pardon. 我做错了,我打算去请求他们原谅我。 Im sorry to hear that your mother is ill. 听说你的母亲病了,我很难过。 Youll be sorry about that. 你会为此事后悔的。 Excuse me, may use your pen?283 past/ passed/ pass/ passor . past 是动词pass的过去时和过去分词。在句中作谓语。意为“通过、传递”,时间的“消逝”等。如: H
39、e passed (by) the bank. 他路经银行。 She passed him the cake. 她把蛋糕递给他。 Two months passed before we had any news of them. 两个月过去了,我们才得到一点他们的消息。 . passer “过路人”;“过客”。 . past 不是动词形式,它除作为pass的过去分词形容词,作表语与定语外,还可作介词、副词及名词。如: He has been working hard in the past few weeks. 他在过去的几周里工作得很努力。(形) The past is past. 过去的事
40、就让它过去了。(形,名) She walked pasti him hurriedly. 她从他身边匆匆而过。(介 The years went past without notice. 岁月不觉流逝。(副词)284 path/ road/ way . path “道路”侧重于指“小道;小径”通常指走出来的路或指人行道等。如: a) There is a path to the top of the hill. 有一条小路通向山顶。 b) Keep to the pathor you maybe lose your way. 沿着这条路走,否则你可能会迷路。 . road 通常人和交通工具通行
41、的一条条的路,它可以用作借喻,表示导致途径。如: Where does this road lead to?这条路通什么地方? It was very hot day, and the road was terrible dusty. 那是非常炎热的一天,路上的尘土多得惊人。 It is the road to success. 这是成功之路。 . way 不是指人和交通工具通行的一条条的路,而是指要达到特定的地点必须通过的地方。如: It is a long way from here to the station. 从这儿到车站有一大段路。 Which is the shortest wa
42、y there? 到那儿去哪条路最近? They are still on the way. 他们还在路上。285 personal/ personnel . personal p:snl与 personnelp:snel两个词音形相近,但词性和词义不同。如: personal 是形容词,“个人的;私人的;亲身的”。 That is my personal opinion. 那是我个人的意见。 She made a personal appearance. 她亲自到场。 . personnel 是个集体名词,没有复数形式。“全体人员;工作人员”如: Our personnel are very
43、 highly trained. 我们的工作人员训练有素。 The personnel are unhappy about these changes. 全体工作人员都不满意这些变动。286 point / score . point 指在考试、比赛中的“分”。如: 90 points . 90 分 We won / lost the game by 3 points. 我们以三分之差得胜/ 失败。 . score 指“成绩”。如: a score of 90 points . 90分的成绩。 She scored 20points in the competition. = Her scor
44、e of the competition is 20. 她在竞赛中得了20分。287 point to/ point at point to 与point at 都有用手指着某人或某物的意思。但后者还可表“对准;瞄准”之意。如: She pointed to a boy and said that he was her brother. He pointed his gun at the enemy and shouted “Hands up”他把口对准敌人,大声喊:“举起手来”。 288 police/ policeman . police 常用作复数,其后不加-s. 如: The poli
45、ce are on duty. 那些警察在值班。 . policeman “警察”与police 同意。其复数形式为policemen. (policewomanpolicewomen) .但表一个警察时,应说:one / a policeman. 而不说:one / a police. 289 problem/ question . problem 通常指须急于解决或决定的重大问题或难题。如 This is a difficult social problem to solve. 这是很难解决的社会问题。 He is clever enough to work out the maths p
46、roblem. . question 着重指由于对某事感到疑惑不解或不能断定而提出,并等待解答的问题。一般是不难的,在较短时间内能解决的问题。因此,我们可说:answer the question. 如: Please answer the question.290 propose/ suggest . propose “建议、提议”,是书面语,带有正式和庄严的色彩。如: I propose an early start. 我建议及早开始(或动身)。 We propose that the house (should) be repaired. 我们建议对房屋进行修理。 . suggest “
47、建议、提议”,但没有propose正式。如: I suggest a visit to the theatre. 我建议去看戏。 I suggest that we (should) begin at once. 我建议我们立即开始。 He suggest going to the Summer Palace. 他建议去颐和园。 291pupil/student .pupil 特指“小学生;初等学校的学生”。也可指在教师指导下从事研究的“学生;门徒”如: The peanist often gives pisno lessons to her pupils. 这位钢琴家经常给她的学生上钢琴课。 .student 指“大专院校的学生;中学生”。 有时,也可指研究或攻读某一学科的人。如:a college student. a middle school student. He is a student of science. 他是一个理科学生。 292 quick/ fast / rapid /soon . quick “快”一般指动作敏捷迅速,毫不延迟,在较短的时间内发生或完成某项动作。如: She ran with quick steps to the house. 她快步跑进屋子。 . fast“快”主要用作副
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