2023年雅思口语相关观点汇总.doc

Advertising:Positive:Advertising is a key part of modern business.Companies need to tell customers about their productsAdvertisement is a creative industry that employs many peopleWithout advertising we would have less choiceWithout advertising there would be higher unemploymentAdvertising is a form of modern artPeople enjoy advertsNegatives:Advertising manipulates peopleIt aims to persuade people that buying a product will make them happierAdvertiser focus on selling a brand imageThey use glamorous, successful peopleWe now live in a consumer cultureWe are persuaded to follow the latest trendWe are encourage to associate certain brand with higher statesAdvertisers often aim their marketing at childrenChildren can easily be influenced by advertisementsChildren put pressure on parents to buy them thingsOpinions:Advertising should be regulatedAdvertising aimed at children should be controlled or even banned.Unhealthy foods should not be marketed in a way that attracts children Products that can be risk to healthy should display warningsIn some countries it is illegal to advertise cigarettes on television Warning must be displayed on cigarette packetsHowever, advertising is necessary in free market economies It creates demand for productsGovernments should only censor false information or products that are harmfulTourismPositives:Tourism is a popular leisure activityPeople go on holiday to relax and have funTourists can experience different culturesThey can sunbathe on beaches or go sight-seeingTravelling abroad opens our mindsWe can learn to speak other languagesThe tourist trade is vital for some economiesIt creates employment in services like accommodation, transport and entertainmentSome areas rely on tourism for their incomeTourists spend moneyTourism attracts investment form multi-national companiesIt helps to improve the standard of livingLow-cost airlines are making it cheaper to travel abroadNegative:Tourism can have a negative effect on the natural environment The building of facilities and infrastructure can destroy the habitat of wild animalsBeautiful beaches are spoilt by the building of hotels Tourism creates pollution and wasteIt puts pressure on local resources Local traditional and cultures may be endangeredA rise in the cost of living affects local peopleThe price of goods, services and housing may increase significantlyThe future of tourism:Government should introduce laws to protect natural environments and local culturesTourism should have a low impact on wildlife Renewable resources like solar or water power should be used waste should be recycled Local businesses such as farms should be supportedTraditional vs modernLosing traditional skills:Because of industrialization and global trade, many traditions have disappearedGlobal advertising encourages everyone to buy the same productsMost products are now made in factoriesMachinery has replaced skilled human laborFactory work is boring and leaves people feeling unfulfilledGoods are produced very quickly and in large numbersProducts are cheaper, which means that more people can buy themExamples:Clothes are mass produced in standard sizesPeople wear similar clothes, rather than traditional costumes Jeans and t-shirt are now worn throughout the worldHistoric building took skilled craftsmen years to buildModern concrete, steel and glass buildings are built in only weeks or mouthsThere are fewer people who can create hand-made goodsTraditional customs:Traditional customs are still important during weddings and religious festivalsPeople wear traditional costumers and eat special foodsIt is important to maintain our different cultural identities We should celebrate festivals, teach traditional skills and protect historic placesHousing and architectureState/council housing:In some countries the government provides state or council housingThe helps people who cannot afford to buy their own houseIt can be argued that state housing creates dependence on the government People should be rely on the government to look after themPeople have no incentive to earn money and buy their own home.Council properties are often made with cheap, poor-quality materials.Old buildings:Historic buildings are part of a countrys heritageThey should be protectedOld buildings are often considered to be works or artThey give character to cities and attract touristsThey show us how people lived in the pastWe identify countries by architectural symbols like the pyramids in EgyptGovernments should spend money on looking after historic buildingsThey need regular repairs and maintenanceNew buildings should be designed to complement themModern/green buildings:Modern building should be designed to be environmentally friendlyThey should use less energy and produce less wasteModern insulation can make houses more energy-efficientSolar and wind power can be used to generate electricityRainwater and waste water can be recycled used to flush toiletsModern glass buildings take advantage if natural lightGovernment and societyWhat government can do?Governments provide public services like health care and educationThey support people who are living in poverty or unable to workGovernments raise money by taxing working peopleThey can spend money on resources and campaignsThey can introduce new lawsThey can impose taxesThey can raise peoples awareness of issues (eg: climate change/healthy eating)They can influence peoples habits and opinionsThey can create jobs They can provide resources for schoolsThey are also responsible for the security and well-being of their citizensThey control armed forces and police forcesPublic services:Governments pay the salaries of public sector workers like police officers and teachersThe necessary money is raised by taxing peoples incomeFree education and health care may be provided by the state Some governments control public transport systems and even TV channelsIn other countries, these services are provided by private companiesSome people believe that competition between private companies is goodIt helps to improve quality while bringing prices downOther people think that essential services should be freeGovernments should pay for themCensorship: opinionGovernments can censor what public sees or reads in the mediaTo a certain extent censorship is necessaryWe should use censorship to protect children from violent imagesSome computer games involve killing people or committing crimesThe internet also needs to be controlledMany websites show pornography and violence.There should be show pornography and violenceThere should be age limits for websites and computers gamesParents need to take responsibility for checking what their children watchIt is impossible for government to control everything we seeVideo cameras in pubic placesThe use of CCTV is becoming widespreadVideo cameras have been installed in many public placesThey are supposed to protect us and deter criminalsMany people think that this surveillance violates our privacyThe authorities could build databases with our pictures and identities We should not be treated like criminalsSmart cards: positivesGovernments will probably introduce a digital identification card systemThey could help benefits and drawbacksThey could help to reduce crimeThey could hold personal information, such as DNADigital bank cards could contain fingerprint informationIt would be very difficult for criminals to use a stolen cardIt would be easier for police to identify people and catch criminalsSmart cards: negatives:Many people are worried about losing their privacyGovernments could store all our personal and medical informationThis information could be used by insurance companiesEmployers could check our health recordsPeople with disabilitiesPeople with disabilities should be treated the same as everyone else.They should have the same rights as other peopleThey should have assess to the same jobs as other citizensDiscrimination against disabled people is illegal in many countriesRamps and lifts for wheel chairs should be installed in public buildingsTelevisionPositives:Watching television is a good way to relaxIt is many peoples favorite way to wind down after a hard day at workTelevision programs can be entertaining and enjoyableViewers have assess to a huge variety of entertainment channelsTelevision brings the best comedians, musicians and actors into our homes.Programmers can also be informative and educational.News coverage makes the public aware of events around the world.Documentaries can make learning more interestingNegatives:Television is having a negative impact on societySome people link violence on television with crime rates in the real worldChildren copy the behavior they see on the screenChildren are less healthy because they spend less time playingAdvertisers direct their marketing at childrenMost programs do not require much thoughtWatching TV is a waste of timeOpinions about television:Television has many benefitsHowever, it can be addictiveChildren should play outside rather than sit in front of a screen all dayBehavior shown on TV can influence peopleParents should choose carefully what their children watchChildren should not be exposed to violence, swearing or sexual imagesAdvertising during childrens programs should be strictly controlledTV companies should make more positive, educational programsPositives of the internet:There are many advantages to using the internetIt gives us instant access to information on almost any subjectShops and other services are now available onlinePeople can buy goods and services from the comfort of their homesThe internet is starting to replace other forms of entertainment It has revolutionized communicationWe can keep in touch by email or instant messenger servicesVideo messaging is becoming common for business meetingsNegatives of the internet:Many websites contain offensive contentSome sites show violent or sexual imagesParents find it difficult to control what their children see onlineThey do not always know who their children are chatting toWith so many websites it is difficult to search for good informationCriminals increasingly use the internet to steal peoples money.Internet compared to newspaper and books:Newspapers and books are now published online as well as in printWe can read the news in any language form any country in the worldIt costs nothing to publish or access information on the internetThe internet allows anybody to publish their own writhingNewspaper articles and books are written by professionalsProfessionals produce better quality writing than amateurPeople still buy newspaper and books because they are portablePeople do not like reading from a screenPositives of mobile phones The mobile phone is the most popular gadget in todays worldMobile phones have revolutionized the way we communicateWe can stay in touch with family, friends and colleagues wherever we areUsers can send text messages, surf the internet, take photos and listen to musicMobiles have also become fashion accessoriesNegatives of mobile phones:Mobiles phones can be a problem in some public placesRinging phones cause disturbance in cinemas and school lessons Some people are not aware that others can hear their conversationsMobile phones may also be damage to our brainsMobile phones can also be a dangerous distractionUsing a phone while driving reduces the drivers concentrationMobile phones are a popular target for thievesOpinion about mobile phones:The benefits of mobile phones outweigh the drawbacks We need to use this phone with careDietThe human body requires a balance dietAn unhealthy diet can cause various health problemsObesity, diabetes and heart disease are on the increaseMany people nowadays rely on fast food or pre-prepared mealsThese foods often contain too much fat, salt and sugarThey are cheap to buy and very easy to prepareMany young people have grown up on a diet of convenience foodsPopulations in developed countries are increasingly overweight exercise.Regular exercise is essential in maintaining a healthy bodyExercise burns calories and helps to build healthy hones and musclesDoctors advise exercising at least three times a week for 20 minutesMost people nowadays lead a sedentary lifestyleWe tend to walk less and do desk jobsMost adults relax by watching televisionChildren play video games rather than doing outdoor sportsIn the past, people were more active in their jobs and at homeGovernments roleGovernments have a significant role to play in reducing obesityMore and more people, including young children are seriously overweightThey are at risk of heart disease and diabetesThis situation will increase the burden on hospitals and taxpayers.Hospitals rely on the government for money and resourcesGovernments should promote a healthy diet and regular exerciseThere should be more time for sports on school timetablesUnhealthy junk food should be banned form school menusPeople need information about what foods containFood packaging must show the foods nutritional contentThe British government recommends eating five portions of fruit and vegetables per day.State health system: advantagesGood health care should be available to everyone for freeState healthcare is paid by the government using money from taxesEveryone has access to the same quality of care and treatmentPrivate healthcare is unfair because only wealthy people can afford it.The National Health Service in the UK provides free healthcare for every resident.Private healthcare: advantagesState hospitals are often very large and difficult to run.Private hospitals have shorter waiting lists for operations and appointmentsPatients can benefit from faster treatmentMany people prefer to pay for more a personal service Patients have their own room and more comfortable facilities.Alternative medicine: positivesPeople are increasingly using alternative medicines to treat illnesses.For example, acupuncture can be used to treat backacheHerbal medicines can be used to treat allergies or virusesMany parents report positive experiences with these treatments Some traditional cures have been used for hundreds of yearsAlternative medicine: negatives:Many alternative medicines have not been tested scientificallyThey may have no beneficial effect at allPeople should trust the opinions of qualified doctorsThey may cause unknown side effectsAn illness could get worse