物流外文文献及翻译.docx

文献出处: Mahpula A. The Research of Regional Logistics Competitiveness ［J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 2015， 15(2): 30—34.
原文
The Research of Regional Logistics Competitiveness
Mahpula A
Abstract
At present, the development of logistics is the logistics demand rapid increase， the expanding market capacity， accelerates the construction of logistics infrastructure, third—party logistics fast growth the tendency， the whole logistics industry is developing in the direction of the information, globalization and specialization。 At the same time, with the rapid increase of logistics demand, the development of the regional logistics more rapidly. Regional logistics is an important part of regional economy， the existence and development of regional logistics is the premise of existence and development of regional economy， no regional economy there would be no regional logistics. Regional logistics and regional economic development level， is closely related to the scale and the level of the different regional economic shape， size and industry, determines the level of regional logistics， the scale and structure form. Regional economic integration can make the area and regional logistics incline to reasonable, adapt to reasonable layout of industrial structure, to reduce logistics cost, promote the development of regional logistics. On the other hand， the regional economic development is inseparable from the development of regional logistics and regional logistics to provide support and guarantee for the development of regional economy, the development of the regional logistics will drive and promote the further development of regional economy。 Therefore， the development of the regional logistics has become to improve the regional investment environment and industry development environment, expanding the scope of the regional influence, the key to enhancing regional competitiveness。
Keywords: Regional logistics; Regional logistics competitiveness; Evaluation index
1 Introduction
The rapid development of world economy and the progress of modern science and technology the logistics industry as an emerging service industry， is developing rapidly in the global scope。 Internationally， logistics industry is considered to be the economic development of the artery and basic industry， its development degree become to measure a country's modernization degree and comprehensive national strength, one of the important marks is known as the ”third profit source" of the enterprise, its role is more and more big， became the current after the IT industry， financial industry's hottest emerging industry a new growth point of national economy， and caused widespread social attention. Regional logistics is an important component of regional economy， is the important force in the formation and development of regional economy, it is to improve the efficiency and economic benefit in the field of regional circulation, improve the competitive ability of regional market， etc plays a positive role in active。 Behind the rapid development of modern logistics, however, there are still many problems; including logistics competitiveness level is lower than the level of logistics development is particularly prominent. Choosing logistics competitiveness development level evaluation index， since there is no uniform standard， can only use freight or freight turnover scale to measure logistics。 Implementation of goods transport is the process of logistics spatial displacement at the center of the link, with the two indicators to measure logistics scale has certain scientific, but it can't reflect the outline of the regional logistics。 Estimates of logistics demand， typically based on GDP and total retail sales of social consumer goods such as index of national economic accounting。 This is just a simple measure of the macro level， the proportion of different researchers use different, ranging from teens to twenty percent， there are large difference between the results and gives theoretical analysis greater difficulties。 At the same time, the logistics industry’s economic statistical data shortage， there is no comprehensive logistics demand statistics， which made us qualitative understanding of the level of understanding of logistics.
2 Literature review
About the Core Competence theory， Core Competence (Core Competence） of the original intention is the Core skills or Core skills， this concept is in 1990 by the American strategic management experts made C。K。P rahalad) and Britain’s strategic management experts hamer (c。 amel）, refers to the enterprise organization of accumulating knowledge， especially about how to coordinate different production skills and integrate a variety of technical knowledge, and on the basis of advantage over other competitors unique ability, namely Core Competence is built on the basis of enterprise Core resources, is the enterprise intelligence, technology， products， management， culture and other elements in the reflection of comprehensive advantage in the market. At present there are three typical academic argument: the ability theory represented by Rossby and Christie’s school; School represented by porter's theory of market structure； Represented by Werner Phil and Penrose’s theory of resource school. Core competitiveness is value, the ability to integrated, uniqueness， extensibility and inherent characteristics.
Related theory, the study of regional logistics， the logistics research of Europe and the United States， Japan and other developed countries, focus on the enterprise level, is committed to providing enterprise optimization strategy。 And regional logistics system and competitiveness research involved. According to literature review， the regional international logistics field of research mainly includes the following aspects: （1) from the perspective of multinational company research the global logistics resources configuration and coordination problems. Specific include logistics infrastructure, market competition mechanism and the problem of logistics supply chain operation。 Such research quantification technology such as using the operational research tools, more for the global network of supply chain facility location positioning， and coordinate the factory more support, strategic distribution system design problem. This is an extension of the logistics enterprise level optimization study, the commonly used methods include mathematical analytical method, system simulation method and heuristic methods， etc. If only one method and graphical method solving the problem of the layout of the site; Mixed integer programming solve the problem of site selection of logistics center and logistics planning, etc.（2) from the perspective of urban economy and the environment， the research of urban traffic network Settings。 For example Tanjguchietal from the city level, using a dynamic traffic simulation model， quantitative research economic growth, the transport demand, as well as the related road congestion and environmental pollution.(3) from the point of view of the city government, study its role in macro logistics development and utility。 For example MeirJ。 R and Senblatt， studied the global supply chain management in infrastructure financing， transportation and regional trading rules, corporate tax law of the government subsidies, and other effects of the main factors of global production and distribution network， etc.
3 Introduction to the theory of regional logistics related
3。1 The definition of regional logistics
Academic definition of regional logistics has not yet unified， a more accepted view is that regional logistics is the geographical environment in a certain area, with large and medium-sized cities as the center， based on the regional scale and scope economy, combined with effective logistics service scope, area inside and outside of all kinds of goods from the supplier to accept to effective entity flow； Is the transport, storage， loading and unloading, handling, distribution， packaging， circulation processing, information processing， such as integrated logistics activities， to service in the composite system of regional economic development. It requires the integration, the integration of logistics management, namely to meet user needs for the purpose， to the goods, services and related information from the supplier to accept to the efficient flow of planning, execution, and control activities, is the organic unity of cash-flow， information flow and cash flow.
3.2 Relationship of regional logistics subject, object and carrier
Regional logistics has the characteristics of multi—level and multi—dimensional structure， its basic elements include logistics main body， object and logistics carrier, and the structure of the basic elements and their complete system， each element show different features， thus forming the function of the regional logistics. Regional logistics main body is directly involved in or specialized is engaged in the economic organization of regional logistics activity， including the owner of the goods
Flow, the third party logistics enterprise, storage and transportation enterprise, etc。 Logistics is the supply chain logistics channels, the starting point and end point of connection in the whole course of the regional logistics activity plays a dominant and decisive role. Elements of the integrated logistics subject is the essential characteristic of modern logistics。 Therefore， the elements of logistics as one of the main body， logistics has a decisive role in the development of logistics industry。 Similar accumulation and regional economy industry, regional logistics also emphasizes the logistics main body accumulation, logistics main body in space is beneficial to promote the logistics activities of large—scale， intensive, body development， it is also a regional logistics park， logistics center, the objective basis of the formation of distribution centers, and regional logistics park， logistics center and distribution center determines the spatial structure of the regional logistics system.
3.3 Regional logistics and regional economic relations
Regional logistics is an important part of regional economy， the existence and development of regional logistics is the premise of existence and development of regional economy， no regional economy there would be no regional logistics。 Regional logistics and regional economic development level, is closely related to the scale and the level of the different regional economic shape, size and industry, determines the level of regional logistics， the scale and structure form. Logistics is always accompanied by business flow, the more advanced the regional economy, manufacturing and trading more active, the logistics industry as a service industry will have a good customer base and market infrastructure, the greater the chance of large-scale development。 On the other hand， the regional economic development is inseparable from the development of regional logistics and regional logistics to provide support and guarantee for the development of regional economy， the development of the regional logistics will drive and promote the further development of regional economy. Thus， regional logistics and regional economy is the unity of interdependence. Regional economy is the premise and foundation of regional logistics development, is the dominant force in the regional logistics development; Regional logistics is an important part of regional economy， is the regional economic support system, and serve the regional economy。 Regional logistics development goal and strategy must obey and serve the regional economic development goals and strategies.
4 Regional logistics competitiveness
Regional logistics competitiveness refers to a certain space range （general administrative area as the border, across regions）, the logistics industry are different from other areas of the assignment of resources was made in the advantage, the logistics enterprises, government policy support and industrial innovation ability， eventually embodied through regional internal benign competition will be more than all kinds of resources, the ability to effectively integrate to form a complementary and integrated ability system reflect the regional comparison of competitive power in the logistics activity， reflect the size of the regional logistics service ability and the logistics industry development level of high and low. The competitiveness of the regional logistics is mainly composed of six basic elements constitute social and economic development level, scale of logistics demand and supply condition of logistics, the logistics development of logistics industry in the enterprise information development level, development level， the macro environment。
4。1 The social and economic development level
Comprehensive social and economic development level reflects the regional logistics competitiveness level of social economic basis, is the guarantee of development of regional logistics competitiveness, to provide support for the sustainable development of regional logistics, from the other side also reflects the competitiveness of regional logistics development potential and power.
4。2 The logistics demand scale
Logistics demand scale is mainly refers to the logistics services in the field such as production, consumption and circulation quantity and scale, to some extent, restricted by local resource conditions, it reflects a region， the demand for logistics service level and size: the size of the logistics demand, determines the size of the logistics market capacity， is the premise of existence and development of regional logistics industry and the foundation。
4.3 Logistics supply condition
The supply condition of logistics refers to the logistics infrastructure provided for the development of the logistics industry, all kinds of logistics technology and equipment， is engaged in the logistics services enterprises and the corresponding professionals such as the number and size of traffic capacity and regional situation, the comprehensive reflection of regional logistics supply capacity and service level， reflects the effect on the development of the logistics industry to promote and satisfaction， is the main factor of the formation and development of regional logistics competition.
4.4 Logistics enterprise development level
Logistics enterprise comprehensive development level reflects the regional logistics main body’s ability to provide logistics services and meet customer demand， embodies the subject of logistics operation level, mainly including the enterprise competition ability， profit ability and performance level, reflect a certain period of logistics enterprises in the area of the overall level of development, is the key factor for the formation of regional logistics competitiveness.
4。5 Information development level
Mainly refers to the regional information