1、绪论(prelude) 生物化学biochemistry 无机离子inorganic 生物分子biomolecular 糖carbohydrate 脂lipid 核酸nucleic acid 蛋白质protein 维生素vitamin 酶enzyme 辅酶coenzyme 激素hormone 核苷酸nucleotide 氨基酸amino acid 葡萄糖glucose 单糖monosaccharide 双糖disaccharide 脂肪酸fatty acid 克隆技术cloning 克隆clone 糖 类(carbohydrate) 糖carbo
2、hydrate/saccharide 糖生物学glycobiology 醛糖aldose 酮糖ketose 单糖monosaccharide 寡/低聚糖oligosaccharide 二糖disaccharide 三糖trisaccharide 多糖polysaccharide 复合糖compoud/complex saccharide 链状结构chain structure 构型configuration 构象conformation 异构isomerism 对映体enanthiomer 果糖fructose 半乳糖galactose 甘露糖mannose
3、 环状结构ring structure 异头物anomer 不对称碳原子asymmetric carbon atom 投影式Fischer式 透视式Haworth式 椅式构象chain form 船式构象boat form 旋光性optical activity 比旋光度specific rotation 变旋性mutarotation 甜度sweetness 半缩醛hemiacetal 醛糖酸aldonic acid 还原糖reducing sugar 醛糖二酸aldaric acid 糖醛酸uronic acid 糖苷glycoside 糖脎osazon
4、e/phenylosazone 糠醛furfural 蒽酮anthrone N—乙酰葡糖胺 NAG N—乙酰-胞壁酸 NAM 蔗糖sucrose 麦芽糖maltose 乳糖lactose 淀粉starch 糖原glycogen 纤维素cellulose 壳多糖(几丁质)chitin 琼脂agar 支链淀粉amylopectin 直链淀粉amylose 肽聚糖peptidoglycan 粘肽mucopeptide 氨基糖肽glycoaminopeptide 磷壁酸teichoic acid 软骨素4—或6-硫chondroitin 4—or 6—sulf
5、ate,CS 脂多糖lipopolysaccharide 糖蛋白glycoprotein 透明质酸hyaluronic acid,HA 肝素heparin,HP 蛋白聚糖proteoglycan 硫酸皮肤素dermatan sulfate,DS 硫酸角质素keratan suIfate,KS 核心蛋白core protein 连接蛋白link protein 糖胺聚糖/粘多糖glycosaminoglycan/mucopolysaccharide 胞壁酸muramic acid 神经氨酸neuraminic acid 淀粉酶amylase 糊精odextrin
6、磷酸化酶phosphrylase 糖肽键glycopeptide linkag 脂 质(lipid) 单脂simple lipid 复脂compound lipid 衍生脂质derived lipid 脂肪酸fatty acid,FA 饱和脂肪酸saturated FA 不饱和脂肪unsaturated FA 单不饱和脂肪酸monounsaturated FA 多不饱和脂肪酸polyunsaturated FA 乳化emulsification 微团micelle 离子型去污剂(乳化剂)ionic detergent 三脂triester 甘油glycerol
7、 Sn命名法Stereospecific Numbering 酰基甘油acylglycerol 三酰甘油triacylglycerol,TG 甘油三脂triglyceride 命名法nomenclature 乙酰(化)值/价acetylation value 酸值/酸价acid value 加成反应addition reaction 碘值/碘价iodine number or value 皂化值saponification value 磷脂phospholipid 甘油磷酯glycerophospholipid 微囊vesicle 磷脂酶phospholipase
8、 磷酸甘油脂phosphoglyceride 鞘氨醇sphingosine 鞘(氨醇)磷脂sphingomyelin 神经酰胺ceramide 鞘磷脂sphingomyelin 糖脂glucolipid/glycolipin 鞘糖脂glycosphingolipid 必需脂肪酸essential fatty acid 蜡wax 过氧化作用peroxidation 磷脂酰胆碱/卵磷脂lecithin 磷脂酰乙醇胺/脑磷脂cephalin 双磷脂酰甘油/心磷脂cardiolipin 萜terpene 类固醇/甾醇steroid 胆固醇cholesterol 蛋
9、白质(protein)化学 蛋白质protein,pr 蛋白水解酶proteolytic enzyme 蛋白酶proteinase 胰蛋白酶trypsin 糜蛋白酶chymotrypsin 胃蛋白酶pepsin 嗜热菌蛋白酶themolysin 氨基酸amino acid,AA 等电点isoelectric point,pI 标准氨基酸standard amino acid 甘氨酸glycine,Gly,G 丙氨酸alanine,Ala,A 缬氨酸 valine,Val,V 亮氨酸lucine,Leu,L 异亮氨酸 isoleucine,Ile,I 丝氨酸ser
10、ine,Ser,S 苏氨酸threonine,Thr,T 半胱氨酸cysteine,Cys,C 甲硫/蛋氨酸methionine,Met,M 谷氨酸glutamic acid,Glu,E 谷氨酰胺glutamine,Gln,Q 天冬氨酸aspartic acid,Asp,D 天冬酰胺asparagine,Asn,N 赖氨酸lysine,Lys,K 精氨酸arginine,Arg,R 组氨酸histidine,His,H 脯氨酸proline,Pro,P 苯丙氨酸phenylalanine,Phe,F 色氨酸tryptophan,Trp,W 酪氨酸tyrosine
11、Tyr,Y 2,4一二硝基氟苯DNFB 苯异硫氰酸酯PITC 苯硫乙内酰脲AA PTH-AA 苯氨基硫甲酰AA PTC—AA 坂口反应Sakaguchi反应 乙醛酸反应Hopking-Cole反应 肽键peptide bond 二硫硝基苯甲酸DTNB (Ellman试剂) 谷胱甘肽(GSH ,Glu—Cys-Gly) 肽(链)peptide chain 酚试剂反应Folin-Cioculteu反应 氨肽酶amino peptidase 羧肽酶carboxypeptidase 真正单键pure single bond 二面角dihedral angle 帽化c
12、apping 部分双键的性质partial double-bond character 一级结构 primary structure 二级结构 secondary structure 三级结构tertiary structure 四级结构quaternary structure 二级结构元件 secondary structrue element 螺旋helix α—螺旋α—Helix 氢键hydrogen bond 疏水作用hydrophobic interaction 范德华力van der Waals force β—折叠β-pleated sheet 亚基
13、/亚单位subunit 自由回转/无规卷曲random coil 结构域structural domain 次级键(非共价键)noncovalent bond 肌红蛋白myoglobin,Mb 对称性symmetry 超二级结构(花式)Super-secondary structure 肽链peptide chain 多肽polypeptide 活性肽active peptide α-角蛋白α—keratin 丝心蛋白fibroin 胶原蛋白collagen 血红蛋白hemoglobin,Hb 别构作用allosteric interaction 别构效应al
14、losteric effect 别构蛋白allosteric protein 协同效应cooperative effect 二磷酸甘油酸BPG核糖核酸酶ribonuclease, RNase β—转角β—turn(β—弯曲β—bend,β-回折或发夹结构hairpin structure) 纸层析filter-paper chromatography 离子交换层析ion-exchange column chromatography 简单/纯蛋白质simple protein 缀合蛋白质conjugated protein 纤维状蛋白质fibrous protein 球状蛋白
15、质globular protein 二硫键disulfide bond 对角线电泳diagonal electrophoresis 氨基酸残基amino acid residues 同源蛋白质homology protein 二面角dihedral angle 螺旋帽化helix capping 肌球蛋白myosin 膜周边蛋白peripheral protein 膜内在蛋白antegral protein 脂锚定蛋白Lipid-anchored protein 变性denaturation 变性剂denaturation agent 十二烷基硫酸钠SDS 复性re
16、naturation 珠蛋白globin 血红素heme 紧张态tense state 弛态relaxed state 镰刀状细胞贫血病sickle-cell anemia 免疫球蛋白IgG 渗透压osmotic pressure 沉降系数sedimentation coefficient 沉降系数单位Svedberg unit,S 凝胶过滤gel filtration 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶ployacrylamide gel 水化层hydration mantle 亲水胶体hydrophilic colloid 双电层electric double layer 纯化p
17、urification 分离isolation 透析dialysis 密度梯度density gradient 盐溶salting in 盐析salting out 电泳electrophoresis 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳ployacrylamide gel electrophoresis 毛细管电泳capillary electrophoresis 等电聚焦isoelectric focusing 亲和层析affinity chromatography 酶(enzyme)化学 生物催化剂biocatalyst 底物substrate 单纯酶simple enzyme
18、 结合酶conjugated enzyme 全酶holienzyme 辅因子cofactor 辅酶coenzyme 辅基prosthetic group 金属离子metal ion 多酶复合体multienzyme system 寡聚酶oligomeric enzyme 单体酶monomeric enzyme 习惯命名法recommended name 国际系统命名法systematic name 酶的专一性/特异性enzyme specificity 诱导契合学说induced-fit hypothesis 氧化还原酶oxidoreductases 转移酶t
19、ransferases 水解酶hydrolases 裂合酶lyase 异构酶isomerases 合成/连接酶ligases 酶促反应enzymatic reaction 酶活力enzyme activity 比活力specific activity 核酶ribozyme 抗体酶abzyme 酶工程enzyme engineering 固体化酶immobilized enzyme 酶促反应动力学kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed reactions 双倒数作图法Lineweaver-Burk作图法 最适温度optimum temperature
20、Tm 最适pHoptimum pH 活性部位active site 必需基团essential group 抑制剂inhibitor 激活剂activator 效应物effector 别构酶allosteric enzyme 别构调节allosteric regulation 同促效应homotropic effect 异促效应heterotropic effect 天冬氨酸转氨甲酰酶ATCase 酶原zymogen 酶单位enzyme unit 同工酶isoenzyme 共价调节(修饰)酶covalent regulatory enzyme 乳酸脱
21、氢酶LDH 可逆的共价修饰reversible covalent modification 维生素(vitamin)与辅酶(coenzyme) 视紫红质visual purple 视黄醇retinol β-胡萝卜素β—carotine 夜盲症nyctalopia 视黄醛retinene 胆钙化醇(Vitamin D3)cholecalciferol VE(生育酚/抗不育维生素)tocopherol 麦角钙化醇(Vitamin D2)ergotcalciferol 凝血维生素Vitamin K 抗神经炎/脚气病维生素,硫胺(素)Vitamin B1 抗癞皮病维生素Vit
22、amin PP 硫胺素焦磷酸thiamine pyrophosphate,TPP 尼克酸(烟酸)nicotinic acid 尼克酰胺(烟酰胺) nicotinamide 转钙化蛋白DBP 维生素B2( VB2)/核黄素riboflavin 黄素单核苷酸FMN ,flavin mononucleotide 黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸FAD,flavin adenine dinucleotid 泛酸,VB3(遍多酸)pantothenic acid 辅酶A CoA-SH,coenzyme A 酰基载体蛋白ACP, acyl carrier protein 维生素B6 (吡哆素)
23、Vitamin B6 吡哆醇pyridoxine 吡哆醛pyridoxal 吡哆胺pyridoxamine 磷酸吡哆醛PLP, pyridoxal-5—phosphate 醛亚胺 Schiff碱 维生素B12 (钴胺素) cobalamine 维生素B7/H(生物素)biotin 叶酸folic acid 四氢叶酸(辅酶F)FH4/CoF/THF, tetrahydrofolate 硫辛酸lipoic acid 维生素C (抗坏血酸) ascorbic acid 尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(辅酶Ⅰ)nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide,NAD+
24、 尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸 (辅酶Ⅱ)nicotinamide adeninedinucleotide phosphate,NADP+ 核酸(nucleic acid)化学 DNA序列分析 DNA Sequencing 脱氧核糖核酸Deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA 核糖核酸Ribonucleic acid, RNA 信使RNA (mRNA) messenger RNA 转运RNA( tRNA) transfer RNA 核糖体RNA (rRNA) ribosome RNA 小RNA sRNA 反义RNA asRNA 胞质小RNA sc RNA
25、核不均一RNA hnRNA 核内小RNA snRNA 原核生物prokaryote 真核生物eukaryote 人类基因组计划 Human Gene Project 质粒plasmid 染色体chromosome 染色质chromatin 一磷酸腺苷(腺一磷)AMP,adenosine monophosphate 二磷酸腺苷(腺二磷)ADP, adenosine diphosphate 三磷酸腺苷(腺三磷)ATP,adenosine triphosphate 复制replication 转录transcription 翻译translation 逆转录reser
26、ve transcription 核苷酸nucleotide 核苷nucleoside 磷酸phosphate 碱基base 嘌呤碱purine base 嘧啶碱pyrimidine base 戊糖amyl sugar 核糖ribose 脱氧核糖deoxyribose 腺嘌呤adenine,A 鸟嘌呤guanine,G 胞嘧cytosine,C 胸腺嘧啶thymine,T 尿嘧啶uracil,U 二氢尿嘧啶DHU 3',5’—环化鸟苷酸 cGMP 3’,5’—环化腺苷酸cAMP 顺反子cistron 假尿嘧啶核苷pseudouridine DNA双
27、螺旋结构 DNA double—helical structure 碱基对base pair, bp 氢键hydrogen bond 碱基堆积base stacking 组蛋白histone 核小体nucleosome 纤维fiber 突环loop 玫瑰花结rosette 染色单体chromatid 螺管/螺线圈coil 氨基酸臂amino acid arm D环(二氢尿嘧啶环) diphydrouracil loop 反密码子环anticodon loop 可变环(额外环) extra loop 核糖核酸酶ribonuclease, RNase 牛胰核糖
28、核酸酶RNaseI 脱氧核糖核酸酶deoxyribonuclease, DNase 牛胰脱氧核糖核酸酶DNaseI 牛脾脱氧核糖核酸酶DNaseⅡ 熔解温度melting temperature, Tm 变性denaturation 复性reassociation 杂交hybridization 原位杂交hybridization in situ 激 素(hormone) 激素hormone 生长激素growth hormone 促甲状腺激素thyrotropic hormone 催乳激素luteotropic 促黄体生长激素luteinizing hormon
29、e 促卵泡激素follicle stimulating bormone 脂肪酸释放激素lipotropin 催产素oxytocin 加压素vasopressin 促黑素细胞激素malanophore—stimulating hormone 胸腺素thymosin 甲状腺激素thyroxine 三碘甲状腺原氨酸triiodothyronine 降钙素calcitonin 甲状旁腺激素parathormone 肾上腺素adrenaline 去甲肾上腺素noradrenaline 胰高血糖素glucagon 胰岛素insulin 促肠液激素enterocrinin
30、 肠促胰液素secretin 肠抑胃素enterogastrone 促肾上腺皮质激素adrenocorticotropic hormone 促甲酸激素gastrin 绒毛膜粗性腺激素chorionic gonadoreopin 耻骨松弛激素relaxin 瘦素leptin 皮质酮corticosterone 肾上腺雄酮androstenedione 孕酮progesterone 原激素prohormone 甲状腺过氧化物酶thyroid peroxidase 抗利尿激素antidiuretic hormone 睾酮testosterone 雄酮androstero
31、ne 钙调蛋白calmodulin 钙传感器calcium sensors 磷脂酰肌醇phophatidyl inositol 靶蛋白质target protein 癌基因oncogenes 植物生长素auxin 赤霉素gibberellin 细胞分裂素cytokinin 保幼激素juvenile hormone 激动素kinetin 脱落酸abscisic acid 性外激素sexpheromone 蜕皮激素molting hormone 生物膜(biomembrane)的组成与结构 间体mesosome 区域化compartmentation 鞘氨醇 sp
32、hingosine 鞘磷脂sphingomyelin 神经酰胺ceramide 磷脂酸phosphatidic acid, PA 多态性polymorphism 双层bilayer 溶血磷脂lysophospholipid 两亲性分子amphipathic molecule 核磁共振 NMR 脂质体liposome 半乳糖脑苷脂 galactocerebroside 去垢剂detergent 微团micelle 非双层脂non-bilayer lipid 非双层脂结构non—bilayer lipid structure 磷脂酰乙醇胺phosphatidy
33、lethanolamine, PE 磷脂酰胆碱phosphatidylcholine, PC 磷脂酰甘油phosphatidylglycerol, PG 磷脂酰丝氨酸phosphatidylserine, PS 膜骨架membrane skeleton 血影蛋白spectrin 糖蛋白glycoprotein 豆蔻酸myristic acid 乙酰胆碱酯酶acetylcholinesterase 蛋白质复合物glycocalyx 细胞外壳cell coat 单葡萄糖甘油二脂monoglucsyldiglyceride,MGDG 运动性mobility
34、 胞吞/内吞endocytosis 胞吐exocytosis 偏转gauche 全反式all trans 分相phase separation 荧光素fluorescein 肌动蛋白actin 单位膜unit membrance 微区domain 糖基磷脂酰肌醇glycosylphosphatidylinositol,GPI 心磷脂(双磷脂酰甘油) cardiolipin(diphosphatidylglycerol) 光致漂白荧光恢复法 Fluorescence Photobleaching Recovery , FPR 生物氧化(Biological Oxi
35、dation) 肌酸激酶Creatine kinase 磷酸肌酸Creatine phosphofate 生物氧化Biological Oxidation 氧化磷酸化oxidative phosphorylation 呼吸链respiratory chain NADH—Q还原酶 NADH—Q reductase 琥珀酸-Q还原酶succinate—Q reductase 细胞还原酶 cytochrome reductase 细胞色素氧化酶 cytochrome oxidase 鱼藤酮rotenone ATP合酶ATPsynthase
36、电动势electromotive force 安密妥amytal 解偶联剂uncouplers 超氧化物歧化酶superoxide dismutase 过氧化氢酶catalase 过氧化物酶peroxidase 高能键high—energy bond 乙酰磷酸acetyl phosphate 1,3—2磷酸甘油1,3-bisphosphoglycerate 氨甲酰磷酸 carbamyl phosphate 酰基腺苷酸acyl adenylate 氨酰腺苷酸 aminoacyl adenylate 焦磷酸Pyrophosphate 二磷酸腺苷adenosine dip
37、hosphate 磷酸烯醇式丙酮phosphoenolpyruvate 酰基辅酶A acyl coenzyme A 果糖-6-磷酸fructose 6-phosphate 辅酶Qcoenzyme—Q 腺苷三磷酸 adenosine triphosphate 磷酸精氨酸 phosphoarginine 甘油-3磷酸glycerol 3—Phosphate 腺苷酸激酶adenylate kinase 糖代谢(glycometabolism) 糖酵解glycolysis/Embden Meyerhof Parnas 葡糖-6-磷酸glucosamine—6—phosphate
38、 葡糖-6-磷酸内酯6-phosphogluconolactone 内酯酶lactonase 核酮糖-5-磷酸ribulose-5-diphophate 葡糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase 葡糖酸-6-磷酸6—phosphogluconate 脱支酶debranching enzyme 糖原合酶glycogen synthase 糖原引物primer 发酵fermentation 己糖激酶hexokinase 醛缩酶aldolase 尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖 ( uridine diphosphate glucose , UDP
39、G ) 磷酸葡萄糖异构酶glucosephosphate isomerase 磷酸果糖激酶phosphofructokinase 磷酸丙糖异构酶triosephosphofructokinase 磷酸甘油酸激酶phosphoglycerate kinase 磷酸甘油酸变位酶phosphoglyceromutase 烯醇化酶enolase 丙酮酸激酶pyruvate kinase 乳酸脱氢酶lactate dehydrogenase 丙酮酸脱羧酶pyruvate decaboxylase 乙醇脱氢酶alcohol dehydrogenase 二羟丙酮磷酸dihydroxya
40、cetone phosphate 甘油醛—3—磷酸glyceraldehyde—3-phosphate 3—磷酸甘油酸3—phosphoglycerate 丙酮酸pyruvate 果糖-2,6—二磷酸fructose2,6—bisphosphate 五碳糖磷酸途径pentose phosphate pathway 果糖激酶fructokinase 果糖—1—磷酸醛缩酶fructose—1-phosphate aldolase 甘油醛激酶glyceraldehyde kinase 甘油激酶glycerol kinase 半乳糖galactose 半乳糖激酶galactol
41、inase 半乳糖出醇galactitol 丙酮酸脱氢酶复合体pyruvatedehydrogenase complex 磷酸甘露糖异构酶phosphomannose isomerase 硫胺素焦磷酸thiamine pyrophosphate 硫辛酰胺lipoamide 黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸flavin adenine dinucleotide 二氢硫辛酰转乙酰基酶dihydrolipoyl transacetylase 二氢硫辛酸脱氢酶dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase 柠檬酸合酶citrate synthase 乌头酸酶aconitase 异柠檬
42、酸脱氢酶isocitrate dehydrogenase 琥珀酰-CoA合成酶succinyl—CoA synthetase 琥珀酸脱氢酶succinate dehydrogenase 延胡索酸酶fumarase 苹果酸脱氢酶malate dehydrogenase 草酰乙酸oxaloacetate 异柠檬酸裂解酶isocitate lyase 丙酮酸羧化酶pyruvate carboxylase 戊糖磷酸途径pentose phosphate pathway 己糖单磷酸途径hexose monophosphate pathway 戊糖磷酸循环pentose phospha
43、te cycle 磷酸戊糖酸phosphopentonic acid 磷酸己糖酸phosphohexonic acid 景天庚酮糖sedoheptulose 核糖ribose 脱氧核糖deoxyribose 核酮糖ribulose 磷酸葡糖酸氧化途径phosphogluconate oxidative pathway 核酮糖—5-磷酸ribulose—5—phosphate 核糖—5-磷酸ribose—5-phosphate 木酮糖—5-磷酸xylulose-5—phosphate 转醛酶transaldolase 葡糖异生gluconeogenesis UDP—葡糖
44、焦磷酸化酶UDP—glucose pyrophosphorylase 乙醛酸途径glyoxylate pathway 异柠檬酸裂合酶isocitrate lyase 苹果酸合酶malate synthase 糖原的降解glycogen breakdown 糖原磷酸化酶glycogen phosphorylase 糖原脱支酶glycogen debranching enzyme 磷酸葡萄糖变位酶phosphoglucomutase 糖原合酶glycogen synthase 糖原分支酶glycogen branching enzyme 丙酮酸脱氢酶组分pyruvate deh
45、ydrogenase component 磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase α—酮戊二酸脱氢酶复合体α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex 脂代谢(lipometabolism) 硫酯键thioester link 脂酰辅酶A合酶acyl—CoA 脂肪酸硫激酶1 fatty acid thiokinase 脂酰腺苷酸混合酸酐acyladenylate mixed andydride 无机焦磷酸酶inorganic pyrophosphatase 肉碱carnitine 肉碱—脂酰
46、转移酶Ιcaunitine acyltransferaseΙ 肉碱移位酶carnitine translocase N—苯乙酰甘氨酸phenylaceturic acid N-苯甲酰甘氨酸hippuric acid β—羟酰—ACP脱水酶β—hydrdoxyacyl-ACP dehydrase β-氧化β—oxidation 活化activation 氧化oxidation 水合hydration 断裂cleavage 硫激酶thiokinase 脂酰—CoA合酶acyl CoA synthase 烯酰-CoA水合酶enoyl CoA hydratase β—酮硫解酶
47、β—keto-thiolase 电子传递黄素蛋白electron-transfer flavoprotein 泛醌氧化还原酶ubiquinone oxidoreductase 烯酰-CoA异构酶isomerase 甲基丙二酰—CoA消旋酶methylmalonyl-CoA racemase 甲基丙二酰—CoA变位酶methylmalonyl-CoA mutase 单加氧酶monooxygenase 酮体ketone body 乙酰乙酸acetoacetate HMG—CoA裂解酶HMG—CoA lyase 丙二酰—CoA malonyl—CoA 生物素羧化酶biotin
48、 carboxylase 转羧酶trans carboxylase 生物胞素biocytin 酰基载体蛋白acyl carrier protein 磷酸泛醌巯基乙胺phosphopantetheine 硫辛酰赖氨酸臂lipoyl lysine arm 软脂酰-ACP硫脂酶palmitoy-ACP thioesterase β-酮酰—ACP合酶 β-ACP-ketoacyl—ACP synthase 缩合condensation 还原reduction β-酮酰ACP还原酶β-toacylACP reductase 脱水dehydration 烯酰-ACP还原酶enyl-
49、ACP reductase 软脂酰—ACP硫酯酶palmitoyl thioesterase 脂肪酰—CoA去饱和酶fatty acyl-CoA desaturase 亚油酸linoleic acid 亚麻酸linoleuic acid 必需脂肪酸essential fatty acid 混合功能氧化酶mixed-function oxidase 脂酰甘油acyl glycerols 甘油-3—磷酸glucerol 3-phosphate 磷脂酸phosphatidic 甘油磷脂glycerophospholipids 磷脂酰乙醇胺phosphatidylethanola
50、mine 磷脂酰甘油phosphatidyl glycerol 二磷脂酰甘油diphosphatidyl glycerol CDP-二脂酰甘油CDP—diacylglycerol 5’—胞苷二磷酸cytidine diphosphate 尿苷二磷酸uridine diphosphate 共底物cosubstrate 二羟丙酮磷酸dihydroxyacetone phosphate 鞘磷脂sphingolipids 鞘糖脂glycosphingolipid 缩醛磷脂plasmalogen 胆固醇cholesterol 类固醇steroids 类固醇激素steroid






